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PRINCIPAL  EVENTS  AND  niSTORY  OF  TOE  PRESENT  REVOLUTION, 


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to  wiiKir  is   <u>ni:r> 


n  i  >TES  ANXLOESCRIPTIONS  OF  ALL  THK  GB  EAT  BA1 


DING  WALK!  I  tVE  OF  Tin:  BATTL] 


; 


!I.  (  .  CLARKE 

VI- 


1"  ding  l"  Ait  o(  -.  in  the  yoflr  18 

r.v  II.  O.  (  LABKJ 

:i.    District   of  the  Confederate 
r  the  I  district  of  Mississippi. 


AUGUSTA.    OA  : 

NKL, 


^■rs    ■ 


PREFACE. 


The  following  compendium  of  the  principal  events  in  the  History  of 
the  old  Union  have  been  gathered  from  reliable  data.  The  matter  -was 
originally  prepared  for  the  "Confederate  States  Almanac,1'  for  18G2,  and 
is  now  re-published  with  some  corrections,  and  many  additions. 

The  Diary  of  the  "War  has  been  compiled  with  caro  and  considerable 
labor,  having  to  search  and  sift  out  dates  and  facts  from  the  oi'ten-times 
contradictory  statements  of  dispatches  and  correspondence.  Great  pains 
have  been  taken  to  avoid  errors ;  and  we  believe  that  the  facts  are  correct, 
although  in  many  instances  an  approximation  to  correctness  is  all  that 
can  be  obtained  in  a  matter  like  this,  made  up  from  the  sources  at  hand. 
The  losses  of  the  Confederates  in  battle  was  made  from  official  Reports, 
whenever  such  reports  have  been  published,  and  from  reliable  corres- 
pondence. The  Federal  losses  in  battle  have  been  taken  from  the  reports 
of  Confederate  officers,  as  no  reliance  can  be  placed  in  Federal  accounts. 
It  is  a  notorious  fact  that  they  are  always  underrating  their  losses  in 
every  engagement  with  the  Southern  forces.  Their  official  Reports  are 
seldom,  if  ever,  published. 

The  Narrative  of  the  Battle  of  Shiloh  was  written  by  Alexander 
"Walker,  of  the  New  Orleans  Delta.  The  sketch  was  published  in  parts, 
in  the  columns  of  the  Delta,  and  is  now  published  complete  for  the  first 
time.     It  is  one  of  the  most  graphic  descriptions  of  a  battle  ever  written. 


TlxZo  7 


POLITICAL  REVIEW  OF  THE  OLD  UNION 


The  movement  that  threw  off  the  rule  of  the  mother 
country  began  in  tne  New  England  Colonies.  The  ;e  were 
settled  b)  those  puritans  who  effected  the  revolution  of 
1G20,  and  decapitated  Charles  T.  The  Southern  colonies 
were  occupied  \}y  a  more  loyal  'i '■      ie  noble  family 

of  Baltimore  was  granted,  by  Royal  Charter,  the  province 
of  Maryland.  To  other  stauricTi  adherents  of  the  crown 
were  accorded  grants  and  privileges  in  yirginia,  North  and 
South  Carolina,  and  G-eorgia. 

With  antecedents  so  opposite  l*th  North  and  South 
joined  heartily  in  the  War  of  Independen  ing  equal 

sacrifices  and  dividing   fairly   its   triumphs.     In   1781,  the 
gling  States  formed  a  Confederation,  and  ]  -;clt- 

governlhent.     The  ftritten   Charl  789   foltotv    Mho 

form  and  n.-.  the   British   Constitution.      Supreme 

power  Was  divided  between  the  executive  and  legislative 
brand  i1  all  were  elective.     The  exe<  utive  power  was 

vested  in  one  person  for  a  term  of  four  year.-,  with   special 
duties  assigned.     The  Legislature  was  divided   into  two 
Houses,  with  separate  prerogatives.     All  power  no! 
tively  delegated  to  the  F<  iovernment  was   reserved 

to  the  I  tates. 

Qe<  i   was   t]  Federal    magistrate, 

chosen  from  a  list  of  twelve  candidal 

Dp  to  this  period,  tlie  politicians  of  the  country  had. 
contended  in   l  b  ••'  t   the 


their  en 
. 

Lev  divided  into 
ftieo  through  the  pro- 
!.  s.     Tin'    New  England  Si 

deral 
tution.    This  was 
The  Bouthern  States,   led  by  Thomas 
.  maintained  State  rights  Federal  encroach- 

I '  ■  ■      ratfc  party. 
ii  Adams,  of  Kfassa  ted  Pre- 

During  his  term  the  Alien*  and 
by   the    F<  d  ral    I 
tpposed  by  the  q  <»t'  the 

in  their  opinion,  they  invested  I  utive 

with  :  conferred  by  the  Constitution  and  inimical 

palar  rights.     The  creation  of  b  a]  bank  was 

of  keen  controversy.     The  public  men  of  the* 
ed  it  with  energy,  while  those  <>t  the  South 
titutional  and  of  doubtful  expediency, 
mas  Jefterson,  of  Virginia,  was  elected  Pre- 
sident    During  this  term,  the   New    England  States,  dift- 
1  ;i  bitter  animosity  to  the  South,  which  arose,  chiefly, 
from  the  South  haying  put  a  limit  to  the  slave-trade,  in 
which  th<  re  profitably  I.     WTiem there- 

on proposed  the  purchase  of  I 

States  violently  I,  because 

it  increased  tl  »rj  and  pow< 

.  .1  the  pun  ha-.-.  A.pril,  i 

•  i  ;  be  I ' 
ad  term  was  troubled  by  the  war  bel 

ler,  all 
■  n  pain  of  thr<  e  j  i  are1 

at  or 
imnrisoin  <1  for 


7  * 

England  and  France.  The  Berlin  and  Milan  decrees  of 
Napoleon,  and  the  Orders  in  Council  of  the  British  Govern- 
ment, equally  assailed  American  interests.  Our  vess<  Is, 
bound  either  to  English  or  French  ports,  incurred  capture 
and  confiscation.  This  left  but  one  alternative,  either  to 
abandon  our  trade  with  Europe,  or  go  to  war  to  protect  it. 
To  escape  the  latter,  President  Jefferson  recommended  an 
Embargo  Act,  to  put  a  temporary  stop  to  all  our  foreign 
trade.  This  was  vehemently  opposed  by  the  New  England 
States,  because  their  interests,  being  chiefly  commercial, 
were  seriously  damaged.  The  Embargo  Act  was  passed  by 
Congress  in  December,  1807  ;  whereupon  the  Eastern  States 
threatened  to  secede  from  the  Union,  and  form  a  Northern 
Confederacy. 

In  1809,  James  Madison,  of  Virginia,  was  elected  Presi- 
dent. Soon  after  his  accession,  March,  1809,  the  Embargo 
A<t  was  repealed,  to  appease  the  New  England  States  :  and 
a  less  stringent  law,  the  Non-intercourse  Act,  was  passed 
by  Congress,  May,  1809,  which  prohibited  trade  with  Eng- 
land and  France.  New  England,  however,  carried  on  an 
indirect  trade  with  Europe,  through  Canada.  Tn  spite  of 
all  these  precautions  by  the  Government,  our  interests  and 
dignity  were  incessantly  outraged  by  England.  Finally, 
the  indignation  of  the  country  compelled  Congress  to  de- 
clare war,  May,  1812. 

In  1813,  James  Madison  was  re-eleeted  President.  During 
the  war,  the  Government  was  supported  by  direct  taxes  and 
requisitions  upon  the  States;  but  the  New  England  States 
refused  for  tlic  most  part,  to  contribute.*  The  war  closed, 
January,  1815.  To  rescusitate  the  Federal  treasury,  a  new- 
financial  policy  was  inaugurated.  A  tariff  of  high  i 
was  passed  by  Congress,  April,  1816;  New  England  advo- 
cated this  law,  because,  (luring  the  war,  she  had  transf 
her  capital  from  commerce  to  manufactures,  for  which  she 
desired  protection.  The  South  was  injured  by  the  tariff, 
but  she  supported  it  from  patriotic  motive-.     John  C.  Cal- 

*  Nilos'  Register. 


arolina,  wen  introdm 

below  which 
nal  Bank  i 

i   one  bavins        •  '     <l  in 

country  | 
arred   b  politician*  of 

i   and  the   Booth,   till    1820,  when   Missouri 
■  the  l "iiion  .  e State. 

■  cUy,   on    bhe   ground  of 
Che  Uni  r  of  diesoiu- 

-.  dually,  Missouri  was  admitted  by  Congre 

•  thereafter  n<»  Slave 
d    north    of  parallel    of 

21     rames  M<  Ldent     Dur- 

•i  the  j»oliii 

abject  o£ 

icy  inaugurated  at  t]  New  England 

;•'•-!■  aufaetures.     This  the 

oj  on  •:•   ground  that   her  manufactures  had 

i  i  nough,  and  o<  an   in  rea    i  of  tile 

rimentad    to   the   interests  of  the 

In  lbhu  Quincy  Adams,  of  Massachusetts,  was 

['resident.       During  this  term,  a  heated  contest  was 

..  between   New  England  and  the  South,  on  the 

!•    L828,  b  new  act  was. passed  by  Congress, 

.  the  duties  to  an  almost  prohibitory  Btandard. 

i.   «mi    imports.     The  South 

•  "Black  Tariff!" 

:    ■  ame  I'ivh- 

i '      ng  thist  ::n.  •  Tariff  policy  of  NTew 


•yided 


9 

England  led  to  violent  remonstrance  in  South  Carolina, 
whose  interests  were  seriously  injured.  She  alleged  that  a 
policy  to  enrich  one  section  of  the  country  at  the  expense 
of  another  was  unjust  and  unconstitutional.  She  threaten- 
ed to  resist  this  policy  by  force.  A  compromise  was  ef- 
fected, March,  1833,  by  which  the  obnoxious  Tariff  was 
modified  by  Congress. 

In  1833,  Andrew  Jackson  was  re-elected  President.  Dur- 
ing thft  term  an  acrimonious  struggle*  was  carried  on  be- 
tween  the  politicians  of  the  North*  and  South,  on  the  Na- 
tional Bank,  created  at  the  peace.  The  former  maintained 
it  was  necessary  to  their  trade  and  commerce  ;  the  latter, 
while  denying  its  constitutionality  and  expediency,  also 
avowed  their  fears  of  its  becoming  a  political  machine,  that 
might,  in  the  hands  of  unscrupulous  politicians,  do  much 
harm.  The  charter  was  allowed  to  expire  in  183G.  A 
policy  known  under  tin1  name  of  "Internal  Improvements,'' 
was  also  discussed  in  this  term.  It  had  the  support  of  the 
North,  but  the  South  opposed  it,  as  favoring  one  section 
at  the  cost  of  the  others. 

In  1837,  Martin  A^an  Buren,  of  New  York,  was  elected 
President.  During  this  term,  great  financial  disorder  pre- 
vailed in  the  country.  The  Northern  politicians  proposed, 
;i  :i  panacea,  a  new  National  Bank,  a  higher  Tariff,  and  a 
Bankrupt  Law.  The  South  opposed  them  ail,  as  unneces- 
sary and  sectional  in  their  tendency. 

In  1841,  William  Henry  Harrison,  of  Ohio,  was  elected 
President.  He  died  soon  after  his  accession  to  office.  The 
idency  was  then  administered  by  the  Vice-President. 
•  John  Tyler,  of  Virginia,  as  provided  by  the  Constitution. 
During  this  term,  Northern  policy  mostly  prevailed.  The 
Tariff  was  augmented.  September,  1841,  and  August,  1842. 
A  Bankrupt  Law  was  passed,  August,  L841.f    A  law  was 


Th(  -i  politicians*  dropped   the  title  of  "Federalist"  in  1824, 

and  •  of  in  l£88. 

tBj  this  act  priva&  mount  off  l  W,< 

:ancclled. 


• 

.  1841,  dividing  the   public 

in   proportion   bo  their 

as  favorable  to  tlu'  manu- 

Jand  :    t  •  iff  &QH) 

from  the  public  lands,  it 

:1  Imperative,  to  insure  a  sufficient  iw- 

v  bank    charter    failed.     At    the    end    of 

he  Bankrupt  A.t  was repealed  L9#8.     A 

admitted  to  the  Union,  Maivh 

The  Lividing  the  public  lands  was  repeal- 

12,  as  ii  v  a-  found  necessary  to  retain  them 

.-!  loans. 

In  I  i\.  Polk,  of  Ten  inaugurated 

D  iring  his  term,  tlie  Tariff,  which  was  pressing 

the  interests  of  the  South,  was  modified   duly. 

ent,  in  o  Bpecial  message  to   Congre 

announced   that  the   Government    of  Mexico 

gainst  the  <  Jonfederacy.     <  >n 

tlii  f  the  country,  North  and  South 

and  West,  united  in  declaring  war  against   Mexico.     The 

:    February,   I  "Is.     The   treaty   Of  Guadalupe- 

[Ii  Inch  followed,  ceded  California  and  New  Mexico 

to  tl 

In  1849,  Zaclary  Taylor,  of  Louisiana,  beeame  President. 
During  this  term,  the  old  issues  between  the  politicians  of 
the  N«»rth  and  South  were  abandoned,  to  wit:  the  Tariff 
j."  mal   Bank,   i  no  of  Entenial   [mprove- 

•  :  the  Public  Lands.    Th<-  recent  aoqeti- 
B*iti  .  (lorded   the  public  men    of 

i  »f  discussion.     The  North  con- 

mitting  Blavery  into   the   new  territory. 

The  South  •  •  right  to  joint  occupation   was 

in  law  and  equity,  and  proposed   that 

L820  should  be  renewed,  by  extending 

tie    M  Pacific  Ocean.     This  the 

!.    The  controversy  became 


ii    #a> 

so  violent  that  a  separation  of  the  North  and  South  seemed 
imminent.  A  compromise,  however,  took  place  in  1850, 
which  stopped  the -discussion,  hut  did  not  settle  the  main 
point  in  dispute,  namely  :  the  right  of  the  South  to  joint 
occupation  of  all  new  territory. 

In  1853,  Franklin  Pierce,  of  New  Hampshire,  became 
President.  During  this  term,  the  discussion  on  slavery  was 
renewed.  A  portion  of  western  territory,  named  Nebraska, 
was  divided  into  two  territories.  One  of  these  was  called 
Kansas,  and  the  other  Nebraska.  The  compromise  line  of 
3(>°  30'  ran  to  the  south  of  these  territories,  which  would 
have  given  Kansas  as  well  as  Nebraska,  the  largest,  to  the 
North.  On  the  proposition  of  the  Senator  from  Illinois, 
Stephen  A  Douglas,  the  compromise*  line  was  repealed  by 
Congress.  Emigrant  societies  were  established  in  Massa- 
chusetts and  Connecticut,  in  1854,  to  furnish  pecuniary  aid 
to  settlers  in  Kansas.  In  consequence,  a  hostile  population 
from  the  North  poured  into  Kansas.  Bands  of  armed  men 
from  the  North  paraded  the  territory.  The  Federal  Go- 
vernment, whose  jurisdiction  extended  over  this  distant 
country,  was  finally  forced  to  interfere.  The  leaders  of  the 
anti-slavery  propaganda,  having  violated  the  Federal  pre- 
rogative by  passing  a  Constitutionf  and  electing  a  Go- 
vernor,   were   indicted    for   treason,    and   obliged  to  take 

Might.! 

In  1857,  James  Buchanan,  of  .Pennsylvania,  was  inaugu- 
rated President.  The  whole  of  this  term  was  disturbed  by 
a  heated  contest  between  the  politicians  of  the  North,  on 
the  subject  of  slavery  in  the  territories.  Towards  the  close 
of  this  Presidency,  the  prolonged  strife  between  the  politi- 


The  Missouri  Compromise  line. 

Bed  the  Topeka  Constitution,  after  the  village  where  the  Conten- 
tion met. 

*  The  Northern  politicians,  during  this  term,  dropped  the  appellation 
of  "Whig,"  and  assumed  thai  of  "Republican,"  better  known  aj  "Blade 
Republican.11 


12 

f  slavery1,  was  taken  ap  by  the  people 
the  two  sections,  in  an  election  for  a  new  President, 

>rthern    States,   being  in    tin- 
majority,   pronounced  in    fevotf  of  Abraham   Lincoln,  of 
i  of  thei  lal  views.     Under  these 

Southern   States  have   dissolved   their 
with  the  Union.    The  civil  compact  they  made 
with  the  Northern  States,  in  L7£#,  guaranteeing  equal  rights 
rid  equal  protection  to  all.   had  been  violated. 
minority  in  the  Confedei  3  could  oppo 

no  Legal  barrier  to  the  anti-slavery  sentiments  of  the  North, 
which,  carried  into  legislation,  would  confiscate  their  pro- 
perty, and  even  involve  their  liv< 

-     MK. 

This  clc  brief  retrospect  of  Our  Federal   history 

I  1;-    ■  tcid        I  believe  il  to  be  unbiassed.     It  thus 

appears  that,  from  the  tir  I  Presidency  to  the  last,  the  pub- 
lic i  mfl   South   have   differed  in   their 

fcerenees  i*an   30  high  in  tic 
'7.   that  a  England 

►mmercial  interests  were  injured,  were  on 
from  the  ( 'onfederacy. 
It  likewise  appears  ,:  them  States,  to  the  detri- 

ment of  their  interests,  vote  1  for  a  Tariff  and  a  Bank,  18] 
in  order  1  bhe   Federal  Government   and  bon- 

ciliati  Btern  Sti 

i   ;  fclie  Southern  States,  finding 

thei  d  by  the  extreme  Tariff  policy  of  i i i«> 

through  South  Carolina,  L832,  to  nullify 
the  Federal  I 

It    linai!;  that     the   various    points    of    natiomil 

!•<»!'  •  by  our  public  men  of  the  Korth  and  South, 

lively  disposed  of  by  the  popular  vol' 
i8ofth<  North, in  spite  oi  compromises,  fchouglrl 

question  of  shivery,  in  18 


13 


1 1  i  s  rr  o  17  v      o  f 

ABOLITIONISM  IN  THE  NORTHERN  STATES. 


vomtEaMoNs  op  the  ABOBifiourrsTs  am>  Fanatics  of  the  jtobtd  ox  the 

inc.HTS    AXH    IMHU'ERTY    01'    THE    SOl'Tlt.    SlUHiUW    FSB    I'AI'sb 

that  TEn  t<>  rnn  DISSOLUTION  <>r  Tin:  r\i"\. 

-  Abolitionism,  under  the  guise  of  philanthropic  reform, 
has  pursued  its  course  with  energy,  holclness  and  unrelent- 
ing bitterness,  until  it  has  grown  from  '-a  cloud  no  bigger 
than  a  man's  hand''  into  the  dimensions  of  the  tempest 
which  is  to-day  lowering  over  the  land,  charged  with  the 
elements  of  destruction.  Commencing  with  a  pretended 
love  for  the  black  race,  it  has  arrived  at.  a  stage  of  restless, 
uncompromising  fanaticism,  which  will  he  satisfied  with 
nothing  short  of  the  consummation  of  its  wildesl  hop 
Tt  has  become  the  grand  question  of  the  day  at  the  North — 
of  politics,  of  ethics,  of  expediency,  of  justice,  of  conscience, 
and  of  law,  covering  the  whole  field  of  human  society  and 
divine  government. 

In  this  view  of  the  subject,  and  in  view  also  of  the  sur- 
rounding circumstances  of  the  country,  which  have  their 
origin  in  this  agitation,  we  give  below  a  history  of  aboli- 
tionism from  the  period  it  commenced  to  exist,  as  an  active 
nent  in  the  affairs  of  the  nation,  down  to  the  prescn; 
moment. 

ABOLITIONISTS  AND  THEIR  OBJECTS. 

'flic  real  ultra  abolitionists,  who  comprise  the  larger  body 
of  the  people  of  the  North — the  "reformers,'  in  the  lan- 
guage of  Henry  Clay,  are  "resolved  to  persevere  at  all 
hazards,  and  without  regard  to  any  consequences,  however 
calamitous  they  may  lie.  With  them,  the  rights  of  pro- 
perty  are    nothing;    the    deficiency   of   the  powers  of  the 


M 

.    knowledged   and 

•   ••  .    •  -  nothing ;  civil  war. 

tionofthe  union,  and  the  overthrow  of  a  govern- 

•■  d  the  fondest  hopes  of  thfi 

civile  •  :   the  immediate 

abolition  rohibkion  of  the  removal  of  slaws 

and   th  I    to   admit    anv    new 

- 

r,  within  its  limits  the  institution  of  don 
■  -     being  bail  so  many  ducH  e  to 

mplishmeorl  of  the  ultimate  end  at  which   they 
edly  and  boldly  aim — so  many  short  it  w  i  re, 

ly   road    to    the  distant    goal   at  which 

would  ultimately  arrive.    Tl  is  abolition, 

bly  if  it  can.  forcibly  if  it  most.1 " 
Utterly   destitute   of   constitutional,   or    other    rightful 
r;  living  in  totally  distinct  communities,  as  alien  to 
in  which  the  Bubjecl  oh  which  they  would 
.    political  power  over  that 
Bubji  •  they  lived  in  Asia  or  Africa,  they  nevertheless 

the  world  their  purpose  to  immediately  con- 
without  compensation,  foUr  millions  of  profitable  and 
into  four  millions  of  burdensome  and  dis- 

Thia  idea,  which  originated,  and  still  generally  prevails. 
m  England,  is  the  result  of  that  puritanical  frenzy 
terizod  thai  section  of  the  country, 
and  made  it  the  natural   breeding-ground  of  the  moat  ab- 
surd concocted.    The  Puritans  of  to-day  are 
fanatical  than  were  the  Puritans  of  two  centuries 
have  pi  i.  rather  than  retrograded, 
Their  god  then  was  the  angry,  wrathful,  jealous  god  of  the 

_•'.   now,    is    the    creation   of   their 

own  intellects,  proportioned  in  dimensions  to  the  depth  and 

their  individual  understandings.     Then,  the  Old 

i       Ktneat    MM   their  rule  of  faith.      Now.    neither  old  nor 

■  tar  as  it   accords  with   their  consciences, 

:th  the  paper  upon  which  it  is  written.     Their  creeds 


15 

are  begotten  of  themselves,  and  their  high-priests  are  those 
who  best  represent  their  peculiar  "notions."  The  same 
spirit  which,  in  the  clays  of  Robespierre  and  Marat;  abol- 
ished the  Lord's  day  and  worshipped  Reason,  in  the  person 
of  a  harlot,  yet  survives  to  work  other  horrors.  In  this  age, 
however,  and  in  a  community  like  the  present,  a  disguise 
must  be  worn;  but  it  is  the  old  threadbare  advocacy  of 
human  rights,  which  the  enlightenment  of  the  age  con- 
demns as  impracticable.  The  decree  has  gone  forth  which 
strikes  at  God,  by  striking  at  all  subordination  and  law,  and 
under  the  specious  cry  of  reform,  it  is  demanded  that  every 
pretended  evil  shall  be  corrected,  or  society  become  a  wreck 
— that  the  sun  must  be  stricken  from  the  heavens  if  a  spot 
is  found  upon  his  disc. 

The  abolitionist  is  a  practical  atheist.  In  the  language 
of  one  of  their  cougregational  ministers, — Rev.  Henry 
Wright,  of  Massachusetts  : 

"  The  God  of  humanity  is  not  the  God  of  slavery.  If  so, 
shame  upon  such  a  God.  I  scorn  him.  I  will  never  bow 
to  his  shrine  ;  my  head  shall  go  oft*  with  my  hat  when  I 
take  it  off  to  such  a  God  as  that.  If  the  Bible  sanctions 
slavery,  the  Bible  is  a  self-evident  falsehood.  And,  if  God 
should  declare  it  to  be  right,  I  would  fasten  the  chain  upon 
the  heel  of  such  a  God,  and  let  the  man  go  free.  Such  a 
God  is  a  phantom." 

The  religion  of  the  people  of  New  England  is  a  peculiar 
morality,  around  which  the  minor  matters  of  society  ar- 
range, themselves  like  ferruginous  particles  around  a  load- 
stone. All  the  elements  obey  this  general  law.  Accus- 
tomed  to  doing  as  it  pleases,  -V\\  England  "morality"  lias 
usually  accomplished  what  it  has  undertake,,.  It  has  at- 
tacked the  Sunday  mails,  assaulted  Free  Masonry,  triumph- 
ed over  the  intemperate  use  of  ardent  snirit  .  and  finally 
engaged  in  an  onslaught  tgonthe  Blayeryofthe  South,  tte 
channel  have  been  societies,  meetings,  papers,  lectures, 
sermons,  resolutions,  memorials, protests,  legislation,  private 


.  public  .                  in  a  word,  every  concen 

.,,  may  ;  |hl  to  mind.  lis  spiril 

.  ! — :in«l  its  1.  .  fruits,  and  measures, 

•  iken  tli'  U  r  that  is  thoroughly 

warn! 

i 

al  ev<  r  Bang  put  more  defiant 

pi  of  religion,  or  authority  to  man.   A.a  to 

.1  on  <  arili  bae  broken  up  moiri  Ehend- 

I  families,  churches  and  de- 

or   ruptured   m<  ms,    political, 

.     And  *s  to  measures !     What  Bpiritof 

man'  earth  with  bolder  front  and  wielded 

■  :,- ■ ':    Stirring  harrangues !   Stem  resoluti 

irials !   Angry  pr  [ncendiary  pamphlets 

ith!     Hostile  legislation  al  the  Korth  1     tTnder- 

ttlroada  a1  the  Wesl  '.     R<  sistance  to  the  Constitu- 

■  '-vision    of   the    Union  !      Military  contribution  ! 

slum  .•  1  law  !     h  not    belligerence 

.  Mohamra*  d'a  work  and  the  old  Crusadea  wciv  an 

i>-  arms.'' 

•is  common   enw.tfaat   the  Puritans  persecuted 

:< .  Bought  liberty  of  conscience 

in  thi  Lmerica,  <u\<i  th  r  ilt&r.    To 

alvert  belonga  tin-  imperishable  glory  ot 

government  of  which  universal  toleration  and 

re  the  chief  foundation  Btooes.     It   is 

isrkablc  feet  that  the  same  spot — tin.-  ahorea  of  Mary- 

-which  was  thus  embalmed  in  the  affectiona  of  fcee- 

.  fter  the   lapse  of  a  little  more  than  two 

be  the   i'u.-t  territory  of  the  great 

\  the  foot  of  the   tyrant,  and  ti^e  sk- 

!ii"iiv. 

true  that  the  Puritans  tied  from  Kngland  on  aecoui 
ounting   to  persecution.     In  thus 
-.   the  EogliBh  of  llWt  day.  as 
subsequent  developments  have  demonstrated,  exhibited  a 


17 

thorough  insight  into  the  nature  and  tendencies  of  their 
principles  and  character.  One  of  their  first  acts,  after  their 
colony  had  assumed  some  form  and  substance,  was  the 
establishment  of  a  spiritual  despotism  and  religious  intole- 
rance as  cruel  and  relentless  as  the  Roman  Inquisition  in 
Spain.  Professing  to  be  themselves  religious  refugees,  they 
denounced  a  dreary  banishment  against  all  heretics  and 
non-conformists.  Every  student  of  Americasn  history  is 
familiar  with  the  sad  but  ever-glorious  story  of  Roge* 
Williams.  He  was  a  fugitive  from  the  persecutions  of  the 
old  world,  but,  unlike  his  fellow-sufferers,  comprehended 
the  nature  and  wrong  of  intolerance,  and  proposed  the  true 
remedy.  He  taught  that  "  the  civil  magistrate  should  res- 
train crime,  but  nevercontrol  opinion  ;  should  punish  guilt, 
but  never  violate  the  freedom  of  the  soul."  lie  contended 
for  the  abolition  of  all  laws  punishing  non-conformists, 
requiring  the  performance  of  religious  duties,  enforcing 
pecuniary  contributions  to  the  support  of  the  church;  and 
that  equal  protection  should  bo  extended  to  every  religious 
belief — the  peace  of  the  State,  like  the  vital  fluid  we  breathe, 
surrounding  and  gathering  alike  over  mosque,  synagogue 
cathedral,  and  the  humble  "house  of  God"  of  the  Protes- 
tant, securing  to  their  respective  worshippers  unmolested 
sanctity  of  conscience.  For  holding  and  advocating  these 
just  and  truly  sublime  doctrines,  now  fully  recognized  and 
enforced  by  the  free  Constitution  of  the  Confederate  States, 
this  "  young  minister,  godly  and  zealous,  having  precious 
gifts,'-  and  whose  opinions  and  teachings  we  have  given  in 
almost  the  identical  language  of  a  Yankee  historian,  was 
most  cruelly  persecuted  bv  the  Puritans,  and  forced  to  hide 
himself  in  the  recesses  of  the  howling  wilderness  "in  winter 
snow  and  inclement  weather,  of  which  he  remembered  the 
severity  even  in  his  late  old  age."  "Often,"  says  Bancroft, 
"in  the  stormy  night  he  had  neither  fire,  nor  food,  nor 
company  ;  often  he  wandered  without  a  guide,  and  had  no 
house  but  a  hollow  tree."  The  savage  of  the  forc*t,  more 
tolerant  than  these  narrow  bigots,   and   who  knew  not  his 


18 

kindly  rcaoued  him  from  the  dread  doom  to 

whit-li  he  had  beea  consigned,  to  find  a  new  home,  ami 

f.  >  11 1 1  •  1  a  new  fata,  by  the  undisturbed  waters  of  the  Nana* 

Hutchinson,   a   moel    pure  ami    excellent 

woman,   fix  the  same  rffered  the  same  miserable 

There  ia  no  more  infallible  criterion  of  the 

■  ;  a  people  than  the  position  occupied  by  the  weaker 

Gallantry  was  the  guiding-etar  of  returning  light  in 

the*  mediaeval  ages.     Devotion  t<>  women  makea  gentlemen. 

Ami   w  .  atleman  inhabit,  there  woman   "rulea.the 

amp,  the  grove;"    her  refined  presence  elevates 

him  above  I  veiling  nature  ;  and  in  return   lie  is 

in  every  truth  her   .-lave,  and  with  life  and  limb  and  manly 

honor  devoted  to  her  service.     The  historical  fact  winch  \ve 

la-t  mentioned,  therefore,  truly  illustrates  Yankee  charac- 

ter.  Heavens!  what  a  spectacle!  A.  horde  of  mean-spirited, 

whining  Yankees  pelting  a  shivering,  defenceless  woman 

into  a  rigorous  exile,  for  entertaining  a  peculiar  opinion, or 

n<>t  eonforming  to  some  rite  of  pubiie  worship.     And  with 

what  unutterable  indignation  does  the  Southern  blood  boil 

ing  of    Mary  Djer,  simply  beeeuaa  she  was  a 

Thi-  \va-  her  only  oil. 'lice.      tSlie   died,    and   died 

i!  the  gallows,  because  she  heid  a  faith  different  from 

e people  who  had  demoted  themsetoes a  nifu  oticer 

liber ly.    The  ferocious  and  bloody  fanaticism  of 

the  witchcraft  persecutions  ia  too  revolting  for  statement. 

h  to  recur  to  it. 

And  wli:it  man,  leeityg  this, 
.  bavii&j  buman  feelings,  doed  oot  blub, 

bang  Iii-lua-l.  to  tliink  Jiirnsi.lt   :i  man." 

for  a  moment  al  the  Puritans  in  power  in  rne 
c<  lony  ^A'  Maryland,  in  the  year  167(5.  "We  have  alreadv  ' 
allmf-d  to  the  fa.  t  tliat  the  Roman  Catholics  had  there 
perfecl  freedom  of  conscience,  and  opened  an 
asylum  for  the  persecuted  and  proscribed  oti  ovety  faith. 
tiling  themselves  of  this  liberality  of  religious  jurispru- 
dence,   many    Puritans   from    New    England   entered  the 


19 

colony,  and  in  the  course  of  a  revolution,  in  the  year  we 
have  named,  mounted  into  political  power.  The  earliest 
exercise  of  sovereignty  by  this  new  and  godly  regime  was 
an  edict  prohibiting  the  freedom  of  public  worship  to  all 
papists  and  prelatists.  Here  we  see  manifested  the  same 
despicable  spirit  that  now  animates  the  Lincoln  government. 
Indeed,  the  Yankee  is  the  same  animal  in  all  ages,  and  in 
all  situations.     He  is  "universal." 

The  great  fathers  of  the  State  were  convinced  that  the 
heterogeneous  peoples,  whom  they  had  bound  together, 
would  not  long  dwell  in  peace.  Washington  sincerely 
desired  the  perpetuation  of  the  Union,  but  he  died  in  the 
belief  that,  in  the  course  of  time,  his  tomb  would  become 
the  exclusive  property  of  the  South.  And  John  Adams, 
perhaps  the  next  man  to  Alexander  Hamilton,  among  the 
Northern  patriots,  had  a  clear  and  unclouded  vision  of  the 
great  rupture,  though  he  was  somewhat  deceived  as  to  its 
proximity  to  his  own  day.  The  following  pas-age  from  Mr. 
Jefferson's  diary,  presents  the  views  of  Mr.  Adams  upon 
this  subject,  and  is  also  interesting  as  another  illustration 
of  the  supreme  meanness  of  Yankee  sentiment,  even  in  its 
most  exalted  t}Tpe. 

"December  the  30th,  1803.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Coffin,  of 
New  England,  who  is  now  here,  soliciting  donations  tor  a 
college  in  Green  county,  in  Tennessee,  tells  me  that  when 
he  first  determined  to  engage  in  this  enterprise,  he  wrote  a 
paper,  recommendatory  of  the  enterprise,  whieii  he  meant 
to  get  signed  by  clergymen,  and  a  similar  one  for  persons 
in  a  civil  character,  at  the  head  of  which  he  wished  Mr. 
Adams  to  put  his  name,  he  being  then  President,  and  the 
application  going  only  lor  his  name,  and  not  for  a  donation. 
Mr.  Adams,  after  reading  the  paper  and  considering,  said 
*  he  saw  no  possibility  of  eon  tinning  the  union  sf  tin-  States  ; 
that  their  dissolution  must  necessarily  take  place  ;  that  he. 
therefore,  saw  no  propriety  in  recommending  to  New  Eng- 
land men  to  promote  a  literary  institution  in  the  South  : 
that  it  was,  in  tact,  giving  strength  to  those  who  were  to  be 


their  and  therefore  he  would  have  nothing  to  do 

will,  it." 

What  was  philanthropy  in  our  forefathers  has  become 

misantiirorfy  in1  their  descendants,  and  compassion  for  the 

slave  i  n  way  to  malignity  against  the  master.     Con- 

re  nothing.     The   one   idea  pre-eminent  above 

all  -  aholitiori  ! 

n -:)iv  flif  notice  in  this  connection  that  most  aboli- 

little  or  nothing  of  slavery  and  slaveholders 

1  what  they  have  learned  from  excited,  caressed,  and 

tempted  fugitives,  or  from  a  superficial,  accidental,  or  preju- 

i    distorted    facts,  gross  misrepre- 

•  iilv  malicious  caricatures,  they  have 

■  I  Southern  slaveholders  as  the  mdsl  unprinci- 

aen  in  the  universe,  with  ho  incentive  but  avarice,no 

-.  and  fte  sentiment  but  cruelty. 

Their  mfbrniation  is  acquired  from  discharged   seamen, 

factions  politicians,  and  scurrilous 

tourists ;  and  no  matter  how  exaggerated  may  l>e  the  f^cts, 

r  fail  to  find  willing  believers  among  this  class  of 

p<  <>plc. 

Iii  tbe  Church,  the  missionary  Bpiril  with  which  the  men 

of  other  times  attd  nobler  ^hearts'  intended  to  embrace  all, 

!  and  free,  htfa   been  crrish6d  out.     New  methods 

of  Scriptural  interpretation  have  been   discovered,    under 

v.  hi  eh  the  Bible  brings  to  light  things  Of  which  Jesus  ( Jhrist 

and    his   disciples    had    no    e  inception.     Assemblings   ft>r 

divine  worship  have  been   convert*  d    into  »Tis  for  the 

of  incendiary    doctrines,    and    thus  a 

been    generated    of  all    Northern 

■y  in  tin  »n  oi  ivligiwus  instruction  amongtbe 

Of  the  live  broad,    heautiful  bauds  of  Christianity 

r  >ii;i*l  the  North  and  the  South  — Presbyterian,  old 

sclibol  and  new.    fc^piscopalian,    Methodist,  and    Baptist,  to 

\   nothing  <>|'  the  division-;  of.  Bible,  tract,  and  missionary 

arc    already    ruptured — and     whenever  an 

anniversary  brrags  together  the  various  delegates  of  these 


21 

organizations,  the  sad  spectacle  is  presented  of  division, 
wrangling,  vituperation,  and  reproach,  that  gives  to  religon 
and  its  professors  any  tiling  but  that  meekness  of  spirit 
with  which  it  is  wont  to  he  invested. 

Politically,  the  course  of  abolition  has  been  one  of 
constant  aggression  upon  the  South. 

At  the  time  of  the  Old  Confederation,  the  amount  of 
territory  owned  by  the  Southern  States  was  647,202  square 
miles:  and  the  amount  owned  by  the ."Northern  States, 
164,081.  In  1783,  Virginia  ceded  to  the  United  States,  for 
the  common  bqiefii,  all  her  immense  territory  northwest  of 
the  river  Ohio.  In  1787,  the  Northern  Slates  appropriated 
it  to  their  own  exclusive  use,  by  passing  the  celebrated  or- 
dinance i)f  that  year,  whereby  Virginia  and  all  her  sister 
States  were  excluded  from  the  benefits  of  tfie  territory. 
This  was  the  first  in  the  series  oi'  aggressions. 

Again,  in  April,  1803,  the  United  States  purchased  from 
France,  for  fifteen  millions  of  dollars,  the  territory  of  Lou- 
isiana, comprising  an  area  of  1,180,112  square  miles,  the 
whole  of  which  was  slaveholding  territory.  Tn  1821,  by 
the  passage  of  the  Missouri  Compromise,  9o4,667  Square 
miles  of  this  was  converted  into  free  territory. 

Again,  by  the  treaty  with  Spain,  of  February,  1810,  the 
United  States  gained  the  territory  from  which  the  present 
State  of  Florida  was  formed,  with  an  area  of  50,2GS  square 
miles,  and  also  the  Spanish  title  oi^  Oregon,  from  which 
they  acquired  an  area  of  341,403  square  miles.  Of  th:s 
cession,  ^Florida  only  has  been  allowed  to  the  Southern 
States,  while,  the  balance — nearly  six-sevenths  of  the  whole 
— wa.-  appropriated  by  the  North. 

Again,   by   the   Mexican    e<  ssion,  *  was   acquired  526,1 
square  miles, which  the  North  attempted  to  appropriate  under 
the  pretence  of  the  Mexican  laws,  but  which  was  prevented 
by  the.   measures    or  the    Compromise    of  L850.     Of  slave 
territory  cut  off  from  Texas,  there  have  been  1 1.  [arc 

miles. 


an 


Tosumthifl  up,  tlio  total  amount  of  territory  acquired 
uml.  r  the  Constitution  has  been,  by  the 

N..rtl.  ion." 286,681  square  miles. 

1,189,112 

Flori«h  ftl  OH 400,731 

020,078 

2,402,602 

Of  all  this  territory,  the  Southern  States  have  been  per- 
mitted i"  enjoy  only  283,713  Bquare  miles,  while  the  North- 
ern States  have  been  allowed  2,083,880  square  miles,  or 
between  seven  and  eight  times,  more  than  has  been  allowed 

tO   the    Sollth. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  invasions  that  have  been, 
from  time  to  time,  proposed  upon  the  Constitution,  in  the 
halls  of  Congress,  by  these  agitators  : 

1.  That  the  clause  allowing  the  representation  of  three- 
fifth-  of  the  slaves  shall  be  obliterated  from  the  Constitu- 
tion :  or,  in  other  word-,  that  the  South,  already  in  a  vast 
and  increasing  minority,  shall  be  still  further  reduced  in 
ale  of  insignificance,  and  thus,  on  every  attempted 
usurpation  of  her  rights  1>  •  far  below  the  protection  of 
e\  en  a    Presidential  veto. 

u  demanded  the  abolition  of  slavery  in  the 

E  Columbia,  in  the  forts,  arsenals,  navy  yards  and 

other  public  establishments  of  the   United  States.     What 

objoel  have  the  abolitionists  had  for  raising  all  this  clamor 

a  little  patch  of  soil  ten  miles   square,    and  a  few  in- 

■  onsidcrable  places,  thinly  scattered  over  the  land — a  mere 

grain  of  -and  upon  the  beach—  unless  it  be  to  establish  the 

I- nt     of   Congressional     interference,    which     would 

enable  them  to  make  a  wholesale   incursion  upon  the  con- 

ttimtioiial  rights  of  the  South,  and  to    drain   from   the  vast 

of  alleged    national    guilt    its  last  drop?     Does  any 

thai  :i  mere   microscopic  concession   like  this 

would  alone  appease  ■  conscience  wounded  and  lacerated 

by  the  "tin   Of  slavery  ''." 


23 

Another  of  these  aggressions  is  that  which  was  proposed 
under  the  pretext  of  regulating  commerce  between  the 
States — namely,  that  no  slave,  for  any  purpose  and  under 
any  circumstances  whatever,  shall  be  carried  by  his  lawful 
owner  from  one  slavcholding  State  to  another  ;  or,  in  other 
words,  that  where  slavery  now  is  there  it  shall  remain  for-- 
ever,  until,  Irv  its  own  increase,  the  slave  population  shall 
outnumber  the  white  race,  and  thus  by  a  united  combina- 
tion of  causes — the  fears  of  the  master,  the  diminution  in 
value  of  his  property,  and  the  exhausted  condition  of  the 
soil — the  final  purposes  of  fanaticism  maybe,  accomplished. 

Still  another  in  the  series  of  aggressions,  was  that  at- 
tempted by  the  "Wilmot  Proviso,  by  which  Congress  was 
called  upon  to  prohibit  every  slaveholder  from  removing 
with  his  slaves  into  the  territory  acquired  from  Mexico — a 
territory  as  large  as  the  old  thirteen  States  originally  com- 
posing the  Union.  It  appears  to  have  been  forgotten  that 
whether  slavery  be  admitted  upon  one  foot  ot  territory  or 
not,  it  cannot  affect  the  question  of  its  sinfulness  in  the 
slighest  degree,  and  that  if  every  nook  and  corner  of  ' 
national  fabric  were  open  to  the  institution,  not  a  single 
slave  would  be  added  to  the  present  number,  or  that,  it' 
excluded,  their  number  would  not  be  a  single  one  the  less. 

We  might  also  refer  to  the  armed  and  bloody  opposition 
to  the  Fugitive  Slave  Law,  to  the  passage  of  Personal 
Liberty  Bills,  to  political  schemes  in  Congress  and  out.  and 
to  systematic  agitation  everywhere,  with  a  view  to  stay  the 
progress  of  the  South,  contract  her  political  power,  and 
eventually  lead,  at  her  expense,  if  not  of  the  Union  itself, 
to  the  utter  expurgation  of  this  ''tremendous  national  sin." 

In  short,  the  abolitionists  have  contributed  nothing  to 
the  Welfare  of  the  slave  or  of  the  South.  While  over  one 
hundred  and  fifty  million-  have  been  expended  by  slave- 
holders in  emancipation,  except  in  those  sporadic  cases 
where  the  amount  was  capital  invested  in  self-glorification, 
the  abolitionists  have  not  expended  one  cent. 


24 

this;  Tluy  haw  defeated  the  very  objects  at 
limed.     \V]  ou  Virginia,  Maryland,  Ken- 
border  State,  baa  oome  so  near  to  the 
i  adual  emancipation  laws  that  the  hopes  of  the 
real  friends  of  the  movement  seemed  about  to  be  realized, 
abolitioni  pod  in,  and,  with  frantic  appeal*  to  the 

»f  the  negroes,   through  incendiary  publications, 
the   ground,   and   producing  a  reaction 
throughout   the   entire  community   that  Las  crushed  out 

thought  of  future  manumission. 
.    Such  1  •  M  tho  obvious  fruits  of  abolition.     Church, 

iety! — nothing  ha  d  it.      Nowhere 

■tlf,  nor  easily  entreated,  nor 
full  of  mercy  and  good  fruits;  but  everywhere  forward, 
.      v    mpromiakig    and  tierce,   breaking    peacej 
I  structure,  at  every  step,  crushing  with  its  foot 
what   would  not   bow   to   its  will;    defying  government, 
the  Church,  dividing  the  country,  and  striking 
i  11  it-rlf,  if  it  dared  to  obstruct  its  progress;  purifying, 
ing  nothing,  but  marking  its  entire  path- 
way I  •  •.  ichiam  and  rain. 

We  COB!  to  the  train  of  historical  facts  upon  which 

pro  :  ot  tho  foregoing  assertions. 

'    1   haw    already    stated,    it    may   be   seen   that 

•"nial  existence  of  this  country,  African  slavery 

had  1-  «'.i  introduced  and  overspread  its  whole  snrl'aec.     The 

Southern  Colonies  bad,  from  the  fertility  of  the  soil  and 

of  their  productions,  become  the  most   profitable 

marl  for  black  labor ;  but  the  influx  gradually  outstripped 

■  ■•■  powers,  and  began,«as elsewhere,  to  inspire 

'he  |,  ,.,,  of  this  section  with  serious  alarm.'      They 

hat  means  they  could  to  checfc  it,  but  commercial 

•  ^erpowered  their  rcmonstrancae.  While 


nut  of  tlu-  hnmtmie  number  of  Blares  imported    by  the 


25 

the  Southern  Colonies  were  thus  suffering,  at  this  early 
date,  both  inconvenienee  and  detriment  from  the  blacks  who 
were  forced  upon  them,  the  Northern  or  New  England 
Colonies,  were  driving  a  brisk  and  profitable  business  upon 
the  solitary  basis  of  the  African  Slave  Trade.  The  princi- 
pal occupations  of  these  Colonies  consisted  of  Commerce 
and  the  Fisheries.  The  New  England  ships  made  the 
voyage  to  England  with  tobacco,  rice  and  other  Southern 
products,  and  then  took  in  British  manufactures  for  tho 
Gold  Coast,  [which  exchanging  for  blacks,  they  returned 
them  to  the  Southern  colonies,  and  reloaded  with  tobacco, 
etc.,  for  the  North  and  Europe,  as  before,  thus  completing 
the  round  voyage.  The  fisheries  employed  a  considerable 
number  of  persons,  and  the  cured  fish  found  sale  chiefly  in 
(he  Catholic  countries  of  Europe,  mostly  in  exchange  for 
coin,*  which  was  always  in  demand  in  England.  Large 
quantities  of  these  fish  were  sold  in  the  West  Indies  for 
sugar  and  molasses.  The  latter  was  distilled  into  rum, 
which  in  the  chanorin£  character  of  the  Slave  Trade  on  the 
Goost  under  the  British  Governors,  rapidly  became  a  favor- 
ite article  of  barter  for  Blacks,  greatly  to  the  dissatisfaction 
of  the  English  manufacturers  of  coast-croods.  Lord  Shef- 
field  in  his  report  to  the  Parliamentary  Committee  of  1777, 
states,  that  ''out  of  the  Slavers  which  periodically  left 
Boston,  thirteen  of  them  were  loaded  with  rum  only,  and 
that  having  exchanged  this  for  $2,888  negroes  with  fhe 
governors  of  the  Gold  Coast,  they  carried  them  thence  to 
the  Southern  colonies."  The  same  report  mentions  that 
during  the  three  years  ending  with  1770,  New  England  had 
-■■nt  270,147  gallons  of  rum  to  the  Gold  Coast.  Thus,  from 
what  I  have  stated,  the  startling  fact  will  be  elicited  that 
the  Northern  and  Southern  Colonies,  long  before  the  break- 
out of  the  Revolutionary  War.  wore  engaged  in  a  lively 
controversy  on  the  subject  of  slavery ;  tho  South   resisting 


*  Tlu'-<  w ,  !<•  almost  tin- only  coins  that  circulated  in  those  Ooloaiee  ;ii 
that  time,  ami  consisted  of  Joc«.  Qalf-Joes,  Pistoles, 


•v, 

flow  of  blacks  into  their  section,  ami  Now 
ad  persisting  in  the  importation  for  the  profits  of  the 

Tin-  South  was  anxious  to  ^toj.  the  Slave  Trade  said 
,;nit  their  Blacks,  bat  New  England,  like  the  mother 
oonntrj)  was  not  disposed  to  listen  to  them,  and  abaadi 

.the. 

Mr.  Jeflirson,  of  Virginia,  seems  to  have  been  one  of  the 
•    advocates   i>\'  the   Southern   sentiment.     In 
I  777.  being  then  :i  member  of  the  Virginia  Legislature,  lie 
jlit  in  a  hill  which  became  a  law,  '"to  prevent  the    im- 
portation ofslajree."     He  also  proposed  a  system  of  genera] 
emancipation,  a-  a  preliminary  to  which  he  introduced  :< 
hill  to  authorize  manumission,  and  this  became  a  law.    Jn 
efforts  he  had  the  support  ami  sympathy  of  the  slave- 
holding  States,  who  were  overran  with  slaves,  that  returned 
no  adequate  remuneration.     At  this  period  their  numbers 
reached  some  600,000,  a  part    of  whom  were  employed    in 
raising  tobacco  ami  rice      The  majority  of  them,  however, 
ipied  in  domestic   farm-labor,  producing  no  ex- 
portable valaee.     Hence  there  was  no  profit  in  slavery  at 

-  Mih.  whileat  the  North  it  was  even  a  greater  burden. 
Maesaehu-ctt-  found  it  so  unproductive  that,  in  1 7>U,  she 
abolished  it  in  her  own  borders,  but  she  did  not  cease  lor 
thai  reason  to  force  it.  by  her  importations,  on  the  South. 

In  the  •  -  of  the  Confederation,  the  views  of  the 

North  and  Sooth  on  the  subject  of  slavery,  founded  on 
iotensts  so  antagonistic,  frequently  came  into  collision.  It 
ua- at  this  epoch,  too,  that  Virginia,  Georgia  and  other 
Southern  eded  to  the  federal  Government  for  the 

common  benefit  of  all  the  States,  their  immense  Western 
Territory  ,  \  !  the  states  were  then  slave- holding,  and 
the  idea  that  a  man  could  not  hold  his  slaves  in  any  part  of 
the  territory  of  the  United  Stares,  had  never  yet  been 
bed.  On  the  contrary,  the  right  to  carry  them  every- 
where was  undoubted.  The  policy  of  Virginia,  however, 
was  manumission  ;  and  Mr.  Jefferson,  in  1784,  prepared  in 
the    Oongraai   of  the    Confederation  a  clause   preventing 


27 

slaves  being  carried  into  the  said  territories  ceded  to  the 
United  States,  north  of  the  Ohio  river.  This  was  a  part  of 
the  Southern  scheme  of  manumission,  which  was  meant  as 
a  check  to  the  trading  in  Negro  slaves,  carried  on  by  Mas- 
sachusetts with  unabated  activity.  This  clause  did  not  pass 
at  the  time,  but  in  1787,  it  was  renewed  by  Nathan  Dane, 
in  the  Federal  Convention.  The  clause  enjoining  the  resti- 
tution of  fugitive  slaves  was  then  added  and  it  passed 
unanimously.  By  a  unanimous  vote,  it  became  a  vital  part 
of  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  without  it,  this  compact 
could  never  have  gone  into  effect.  The  slave  trade  carried 
on  by  the  Xorth  became  also  the  theme  of  much  sharp  dis- 
cussion in  the  Convention.  The  Xorth  was  not  disposed, 
of  course,  to  give  it  up,  but  with  the  South  it  had  become 
an  intolerable  grievance.  They  had  long  and  earnestly 
protested  against  it  when  carried  on  by  the  mother  country, 
but  their  minds  were  now  made  up  to  break  with  the  North 
rather  than  submit  further  to  this  traffic.  The  North  then 
demanded  compensation  for  the  loss  of  this  very  thriving 
trade,  and  the  South  readily  conceded  it  by  granting  them 
the  monopoly  of  the  coasting  and  carrying  trade  against  all 
foreign  tonnage.  In  this  way  it  was  settled  that  the  Slave 
Trade  should  be  abolished  after  1808. *     "Without  this  im- 


*Li  corroboration  of  the  above,  I  append  the  following  extract  from 
the  sermon  of  Rev.  Dr.  N".  Adams,  of  the  Essex  Street  Church,  Boston, 
delivered  on  Fast  Day,  January  4,  1$$}  : 

"We  at  the  North  are  certainly  responsible  before  God  for  the  exist- 
.n<c  of  slavery  in  our  land.  The  Committee  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  tho  I'nited  States,  consisted  of  Messrs.  Rut- 
lcdge,  of  South  Carolina.  Randolph,  of  Virginia,  and  three  from  the  Free 
States,  viz  :  "Me-srs.  Wilson,  of  Pennsylvania,  Gorham,  of  Massaehu 
setts,  and  Ellsworth,  of  Connecticut.  They  reported,  as  a  section  for  tho 
Constitution,  that  no  tax  or  other  duty  should  be  laid  on  the  migration 
or  importation  of  such  persons  as  the  several  States  should  think  proper 
to  admit ;  not  that  such  migration  or  Importation  should  be  prohibited. 
This  was  referred  by  the  Convention  to  a  committee,  a  majority  of  whom 
being  from  the  Slave  States,  they  reported  that  the  Mare  Trave  he  abol- 
ished ^ftcr  1800,  and  that  a  tax  lie  levied  on  imported  slaves.     Bat  in  the 


28 

l»ortaut  clause,  tin-  South  would   never  have  consented   to 

enter  into  a  Confederacy    with    the    North.     The    Federal 

.    with    tl  ial  clauses,  having  p. 

ation,  it   became,  henceforth,  h  certainty  that  the 

Slave  Trad,   would  finally  expire   in  the  doited   States  at 

Thia  left  it  still  a  duration  of  nin< 

med  determined  to  reap  the  utmost 
•in  the  time   remaining.     The  Duke 
:ault-Liancoqrt,    in   his  work  on  the  United 
■  tates  tl ..  els  from  the  harbors  of 

S\>rth  arc  engaged  in    the    importation    of  slaves  into 
_ia  :  they  ship  one negro for  <  rery-  ton  burden."    Thus 
'.  •    N  >w    England  was  vigorously   engaged 
in  buyiug  and  Belling  negro  slaves,  Virginia,  on  the  other 
hand,  was  steadfastly  pursuing  her  theory  pf  manumission. 
In  1793,  Congress,  on  the  recommendation   of  President 
Washington,  passed  an  act  to  put  in  force  the  clause  of  the 
Constitution  enjoining  the  restoration  of  fugitive  slaves.     It 
. '.d.-n;    they  were  regarded  byr  the  Constitution  in 
_lii  of  property  only.     It  likewise  provided  for  taxing 
theiu,  ami  ordained  that  three-fifths  of  their  number  should 
ttation.     Thia  was,  certainly)  the  view 
taken  by  the  firamers   of  the   Constitution,  in   their  inter- 
e   with    foreign    nations.     John    Adams,    afterwards 
Lent,    and     Doctor     Franklin,     signed,    iji    1783,    the 
uce  with  Great  Britain,  which    contained   pro- 
ii  for  paymout  of  "Slaves  and  other  Property"  carried 
during  the  war.     These  Treatiea  were  examined  and 
approved  by  the  Government,  composed   also  of  the  very 
lUOU  wlii  had  taken  the  leading  part  in   drafting    the    Con- 
stitution.     In  the  Treaty  of  Peace  at   Ghent,    in    1815,  the 


irhusi-tt*,  New  Hampshire,  aruTCon- 

Motk-ut.  vi  years,  and  it  was    nccoidTngl}' 

i  of  which  it  is  estimated  then  Bra  now  at  least  three 

in  the    I'liuntry  than  there    would   otlier- 

■ 


29 

same  clause  recurred,  and  the  British  Government  paid  a 
million  and  a  half  of  dollars  for  slaves  that  had  been  car- 
ried  off  by  the  enemy.  The  accounts  of  lion.  Richard 
Rush,  when  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  contain  the  various 
sums  paid  by  the  United  States  Government  to  the 
"Owners  of  Slaves  and  other  Property."  Our  Government 
has  also  made  frequent  demands  for  the  payment  of  Slave 
property  since  the  Peace.  Some  twenty  years  since,  the 
American  Minister,  Mr.  Andrew  Stevenson,  conducted  a 
negotiation  with  England  for  the  payment  of  sundry  slaves 
that  had  been  cast  ashore  from  wrecked  American  vessels, 
and  set  free  by  the  authorities  of  Bermuda.  The  demand 
was  finally  acknowledged,  and  the  sum  of  £23,500  was  paid 
as  an  indemnity.  In  a  word,  the  action  of  the  Federal 
Government  has  been  uniform  and  consistent  in  asserting 
and  protecting  the  rights  of  our  slave-owners  against  all 
foreign  Powers.  The  right  to  this  property  has  been  just 
as  positively  recognized  in  our  domestic  relations.  In  all 
the  State  Conventions  held  to  discuss  the  Federal  Constitu- 
tion prior  to  adopting  it,  the  right  of  property  in  slaves  was 
never  contested.  The  law  at  that  time  for  recovering  that 
property  was  of  a  summary  nature.  The  owner  might 
seize  his  property  wherever  he  found  it,  and  on  making  an 
affidavit  before  a  Federal  Judge,  a  warrant  was  issued  for 
the  removal  of  it.  There  was  no  provision  for  trial  by  jury, 
or  for  writ  of  habeas  carpus,  which  would  be  indispensable 
it'  black  slaves  were  considered  as  persons. 

In  1707,  John  Adams,  who  signed  the  Treaty  of  Peace, 
and  was  the  leader  of  the  New  Kngland  or  Federal  party, 
succeeded  Washington  in  the  Presidential  chair.  At  this 
period  the  Slavery  question  was  frequently  agitated  by  the 
Democratic  party  of  the  South,  with  a  v"n  \v  to  its  modifica- 
tion. In  isoo.  January  2,  Mr.  Wain,  of  Philadelphia,  pre- 
sented a  petition  to  Congress,  from  the  free  blacks  oi  Phil- 
adelphia, praying for  a  revision  of  the  Fugitive  Slave  Law. 
On  this  occasion,  Mr.  Harrison  Gray  Otis^  a  leader  of  the 
l-V.leral  party,  thus  e  1  himself:    "Although  he  pos- 


himself,"  lie  said,   "yet   lie   saw  no  reason 
why  tight  not:  and  that  their  owners  and  not  Con- 

ic not  tin-  fittest  persons  to  regulate  that  spec 
Mr.  Brown,  of  Rhode  Island,  on  the  same  occa- 
!  that  the  petition  was  not  from  negroes,  l>ut 
the  contrivance  of  a  combination  of  Jacobins,  (meaning 
the  Democratic  party) who  had  troubled  Congress  for  many 
-.  ami  he  leared  would  never  cease  to  do  so.    lie  there- 
moved  that  the-  petition  be  taken  away  by  those  who 
bad    brought    it    there.     The    motion    being  supported    by 
-.  Uallatin,  Dana,  and  other  Northern  members,  the 
petition   was  withdrawn.     In   this  debate,  the  Northern 
members  who  represented  the  Blave-trading  interests,  natu- 
rally adhered  to  the  property  in  blacks,  although   the  new 
doctrine  of  the  British   Abolitionists  began  to  make  con- 
in  this  country,  outside  of  the  body  o\'  Quakers,  who 
had  always  opposed  slavery. 

It  ma\  be  as  well  to  remark  here,  that  it  does  not  appear 
any  laWB  were  ever  enacted  in  Great   Britain  authorizing 
the  trading  in.  or  possession   of  black  slaves   as   property. 
.  that  they  were  so   regarded,  is    evident    from 
pinion  of  the  Eleven  Crown  Judges,   given  in  pursu- 
ance of  .Hi  *  »nler  in  t  lonncil,  and  in  consequence  of  which 
lavigation  Act  was  extended  to  tin    Slave  Trade,  to 
tsiou   of  Alien.-..    The   laws  by  which   England 

allQWed  the  hoi. ling  of  .-laves,  extended,  pf   coiiise.     to    the 
.   ami    all    those    "\    North     Anieriea    held    slaves, 
without   anj    special   enactments    lor  that   purpose.      The 
inherent,  like  that   to  any  property;    and  when 
paratien   of   the   Colonies  from   the    mother   country 
took  place,  that  legal  right,  like  the  Common  Law  of  Eng- 
land, survived  the  Revolution,  and  remained  in  force  in  all 
part-  of  the  country. 

It  i-  claimed  by  the  anti-slavery  party  that  slavery  exists 
by  local  law  only,  and  cannot  exist  out  of  the  State  sanc- 
tioning it.  VThereas,  it  is  maintained  by  their  opponents 
that  it  originally  existed  all  over  the  land,  whether  as  Colo- 


31 

nies  or  States,  and  that  it  required  a  special  law  to  exclude 
it.  This  fact  is  beyond  cavil.*  It  should  be  also  recollected 
that  the  Spanish  and  French  Colonies  that  afterwards 
became  a  part  of  the  United  States,  derived  the  right  to 
hold  slaves  from  the  head  of  the  Church,  as  well  as  from 
the  State. 

To  return  to  the  record  of  events.  During  Mr.  Jeifcr- 
son's  first  term  of  office,  the  State  of  Virginia  proposed  to 
the  Federal  Government  that  the  proceeds  of  the  public 
lands  that  had  been  ceded  to  it  should  be  appropriated  to 
the  manumission  and  removal  of  slaves,  with  the  sanction 
of  the  respective  States.  This  movement  was  not  suc- 
cessful. 

It  is  necessary  to  notice  two  very  important  events  that 
occurred  during  the  administration  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  which 
wholly  changed  the  destiny  of  black  slavery  in  the  United 
States.  The  first  was  the  invention  of  the  cotton-gin,  which 
gave  great  additional  value  to  this  staple,  and  hence  opened 
a  broader  field  to  the  employment  of  the  Blacks.  The 
next  was  the  purchase  of  Louisiana,  which  added  new  and 
valuable  territory  to  the  South  and  its  special  products. 
These  two  events  revolutionized  completely  the  value  of 
slave  labor  in  the  South,  and  the  Blacks,  iustead  of  contin- 
uing a  burden,  as  hitherto,  became  henceforward  a  source 
of  profit. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  approaching  termination  of  the 
Slave  Trade,  which  had  profitably  employed  for  so  mam 
years  the  commercial  interests  of  New  England,  rendered 
that  section  not  only  indifferent  to  the  prolongation  of 
slavery,  but  even  out  of  chagrin  from  having  been  forced 
by  the  opposition  of  the  South  to  give  it  up,  they  began  t>» 


''Among  other  authorities  on  this  question  of  the  day,  may  he  cited 
that  of  Chief  Justice  Parker.  <>t  Massachusetts,  the  leading  Abolition 
State,  fa  2  FicRering,  he  says :  "We  thus,  in  making  Hie  Constitution 
entered  into  an  agreement  that  slaves  should  lie  considered  as  property," 

etc. 


- 

nourish  a  species  of  spite  against  it,  and  which  has  since 
manifested  itself  with  uninterrupted  bitterm 
Tli-  'n  of  the  Slave  Trade,  and  the  purchase  of 

nana,  both  of  which  were  so  distasteful  to  the  North, 
were  followed,  as  already  stated,  by  the   Embargo  Act,   in 
Mr.  |Teffer9onJs administration ;  and  all  this  together,  gave 
quietus  to  the  commercial  interests  of  New  Eng- 
land.    The   exasperation  which  followed   these  measures, 
■  threaten  ruin  to  this  section,  led  shortly  to  a 
to  break  up  the  Confederacy.     In  February,  1809, 
ncral  of  Canada,  Craig,  deputed  his  i 
Join;  Henry,  to  go  to    Boston   and   treat   with   the  leading 
there;  and  by  the   arrangement  then    made, 
achuscttE  declare  itself  independent,  and  invite 

erect  a  separate  Government.     Mr.  John  Q. 
Adams,  Ear-President,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Otis,  1828,  states 
that  the  plan  had  been  so  Far  matured,  thai  proposals  had 
made  to  a  certain  individual  to  put  himselt'at  the  head 
military  organization.     These  schemes  went  on  until 
they  resulted  in  the  Hartford  Convention,  1814,  where  the 
subjeel    of  a   Northern  Confederacy,  in  all    its   bearings, 
underwent  discussion.     The  sentiment  ol  the  North  at  that 
time  may  be  seen  in    the   party  cry:   -'The   Potomac  for  a 
boundary — ThcjKTegro   States   to   themselves."     This  was 
favorite  phrase  of  the  day  all  over  tin-   Eastern  States. 
Thepcace   with  Great    Britain   soon   afterwards  occurred, 
and  tin-  stimulus  tliis  gave  to  business  of  all  kinds,  together 
with  the  conciliatory  conduct,  a.-  stated  of  Mr.  Calhoun,  df 
South  C;tro]in:t.  diverted  New  England    from  her  resolute 
aee  to  hreuk  up  the  Union."' 
While  ihi  'irritation   was  still  lingering   in  the  "Northern 
mind  a  bill  was  introduced  into  Congress,  1818,  to  author- 
ize the  people  of  "Missouri  to  form  i»  Constitution,  prepara- 
tory l.i  admission   info  the   CTnion.     This  territory    was  a 
perttQH  of  that  same  Louisiana   whose   purchase  had  been 
■  liemeiitK     resisted    by    New    England.       During    its 
ownership  1'V  Spain,  and  afterwards  By  France,  slavery  had 


existed  in  the  whole  of  this  territory,  and  it  remained  un- 
disturbed after  it  its  purchase  by  the  United  States  ;  never- 
theless its  admission  into  the  Union  as  a  slave  State,  was 
violently  opposed  by  the  Eastern  States.  An  ardent  politi- 
cal struggle  ensued  that  threatened  the  safety  of  the  <  !pn- 
federacy,  but  which  was,  finally,  allayed  by  admitting 
souri  as  a  slave  State,  but  on  condition  that  no  more  Slave 
States  should  exist  nortli  of  the  36°  30'  parallel  of  latitude. 
This  is  the  well-known  Missouri  Compromise.  It  was  at 
this  time,  also,  that  the  slave  trade  was  declared  to  be 
piracy,  and  punishable  with  death. 

Meanwhile,  shivery  had  become  so  manifestly  unprofita- 
ble at  the  North  that  most  of  these  States  abolished  it. 
New  York  did  so  in  1820,  and  many  other  States,  even 
Delaware,  Maryland  and  Virginia,  were  moving  in  the  same 
direction.  Xew  Jersey,  Ohio  and  Delaware  passed  resolu- 
tions desiring  Congress  to  appropriate  the  proceeds  of  the 
public  lands  to  the  manumission  of  slaves,  with  the  consent 
of  the  slave  States.  In  182."),  Ruffes  King,  of  Xew  York, 
made  the  same  proposition  in  Congress,  where  it  had  been 
originally  introduced  by  Virginia.  At  this  period,  in  the 
Southern  States,  the  utmost  favor  was  extended  to  Eman- 
cipation, Societies  for  this  purpose  were  formed  to  co- 
operate with  the  Colonization  Society,  then  in  full  vigor, 
and  whose  object  was  to  free  blacks  and  transport  them  to 
Liberia.  In  March,  1825,  Virginia  passed  an  act  to  fur- 
nish the  Colonists  in  Liberia,  under  the  direction  of  the 
"Richmond  and  Manchester  (England)  Colonization  Socie- 
ty," with  implements  of  husbandry,  clothing,  etc.  The 
emancipation  of  blacks  to  be  sent  to  Liberia,  were  frequent 
all  over  the  Southern  Stales,  and  on  a  libera!  scale.  Ala- 
bama. Louisiana  and  Missouri  passed  laws  prohibiting 
slaves  to  be  brought  within  their  borders  for  sal^,  aud 
further  Enacting  thai  those  brought  in  by  settlers  should 
not  be  sold  under  two  years. 

The  sentiment  of  Kmaneipation  was  making  stea  i\ 
:  bni.  at  the  same  time,  a  deckled   repuguanco  to  free 


Id-  ^an  to  ma  ••if.     Ohio,  Illinois,  and  other 

Stat  ''V    law    live  Murks  r.tiuinir 

any   pretence;  and  a  white  person 

who  brougl  give  bonds  in  $&0O. 

They  v.  i  as  citizens  of  the    United  St:;; 

and  froi  idle  habits,  were  considered  ae  a  nuisMtoe 

rywhere.     The  Southern. States  also  enacted  tlmt  free 

blacks  arriving  tl  iniep,  should,  be   under   snrveil- 

ancc  while  in  port.     In  consequence  of  thisgeneraj  antipa- 

tliv  to  freeblackfe,  and  in  viewOf  the  difficulty  of  deporting 

them,  Mr.  Tucker,  of  Virginia,  proposed  in  Congress,  fc£fl$, 

ferritory  west  of  the   Roeiy  Mountains  ae  a 

I        ifiy  for   free   hlaOfcs.     This  effort    failed;    1  > n t   all    the 

tea  •  (Ik-s.'iuIi.  Mr.  M:m _rtun.  Mr.  MeDntlie. 

the  adoption  of  some  scheme  ol  emancipation. 

About  this  time  a  in-w  movement  wHs  initiated  in    New 

j.     The  doctrine  •     \   ontion  wfcs  then  at  the  zenith 

iarity  in  England,  Where  it  was  already  proposed 

plant  it  ^onrh  :m  States,   which  wOrrW  tlien 

:   .  own- 
try.      This   utterly    impraCti  lea    was  seizi  d  upon  by 
individual*  rt"f  the  N'.-w  Kriglund  States,  who  forrh- 
witl                                              'agitation,     [t is  impossible 
to  ; - 1 1 1                           any   vt'ry  philanthropic  haotive';  f.w 
ouTv  twenty  voar    had  dapsedsi^ce  Massachusetts  had  been 
i  ..■  tffi  h                              ■  aiKl  it  is  not  at  all  civd- 
thus  acquired  Should;  in  bo  mo>t  a  time 
a  ted  by  ■•             •  :i  I  >fe  for  the   nogr 

his  immu mission  ul  the  ri  »k  of  break- 

Xo  :  it    really   looked   more  like 

•  ;'  that   old  grudge   which   the 

marry  year's   nourished   against 

the  South. 

In  1828,  a  Mr.  Arthur  Tappan  subscribed,   with  the  aid 
friends  in  Boston,  sufficient  fund  taWish  a   new- 

sy Iforkj  called  the  •••lournal  of  Conuaorce," 
whose  object  was  to  promote  the  borrowed    English  theory 


•  35 

of  Abolition.  Its  editor  was  a  certain  David  Hale,  an 
auctioneer  of  Boston,  and  a  teacher  in  the  Presbyterian 
Sunday-school  there.  At  the  same  juncture,  the  Bal  timore 
"Genius  of  Emancipation"  fell  into  the  hands  of  another 
Abolition,  named  W.  Lloyd  Garrison.  This  individual 
was  the  grandson  of  what  was  known  as  a  '-Tory"  during 
our  Revolutionary  War,  and  who,  at  the  Peace,  was  com- 
pelled to  fly  the  country  to  Nova  Scotia,  whence  his  widowed 
daughter  and  her  only  son  returned,  some. years  after,  to 
Boston  to  seek  a  livelihood.  The  young  Garrison  readily 
caught  up  the  doctrine  of  Abolition,  as  most  congenial  to 
his  English  antecedents  and  education,  and  set  to  work 
with  baleful  energy  to  urge  its  propagation,  fraught  with 
so  many  dangers  to  the  country  of  his  adoption.  On  a 
ing  the  editorship  of  the  Baltimore  paper,  he  instantly 
assailed  both  Colonization  and  Emancipation  a<  only  ob- 
structions to  Abolition,  and  openly  avowed  that  the  U 
of  the  States  was  equally  an  obstacle  to  Abolition.  By 
some  it  was  supposed  that  tins  treasonable  denunciation  of 
the  Union  was  out  of  deference  to  the  memory  of  his  Tory 
grandfather,  who  had  done  all  he  could  to  prevent  it. 

It  may -easily  be  imagined  that  the  startling  proclamation 
of  such  ultra  views  as  these,  led  rapidly  to  a  complete  revo- 
lution of  feeling  at  the  South.  The  excitement  against 
Garrison  spread  far  and  wide,  The  Manumission  Society 
of  North  Carolina  demanded  his  imprisonment,-  and  the 
State  of  Georgia  set  a  price  upon  his  head:  Tfce  emanci- 
pation societies  at  the  South  began  to  suspend  their  opera- 
tions and  to  break  up.  The  Baltimore  journal  mentioned, 
it  was  nceessarv  to  Suppress.  The  people  of  the  South 
generally,  becoming  more  and  more  alarmed  at  tti 
sive  attitude  of  the  Abolitionists,  began  to  ponder 
some  means  of  defeil 

In  the  year  1830,  the  same  <  rarrison  founded  a  ffrw  joui- 
nal  in   B  ailed    "The   Liberator."    whence   he  pro- 

pounded his  extreme  views  in   the  most   extravagant  Vm- 
(  guage.     In  the  following  year  the  •   X«w    Rfcgland    Anti- 


This   was    followed   in  <lue 
!  merican  j"  under  the 

.  Tappan   and   Birtiey.     tti 
i  me  active  coad 
[opted  pre  ' 
British  prototypes.     Thi  y  circultf- 
and  books,  full  of  inflammatory  appeals.    Highly- 
_  ka  undergoing 

kl  .  \Vcrc  distributed  for  those  who  coutd 

specially  to  excite  the 

-  iuth,   and    w<  through   the   mails. 

idcrcd,  at  the  time  so  danger- 

the  peace  offhe  community'  and  to  the  integrity  <>f 

nion,  that  popular  indignation   frequently  brdke  out 

into  riot,     in  >rk,  in  J832,  the  dwelling  of  Arthur 

and  the  ch-urch  of  Dr.  Cox  were  bo.th  demolished 

10b.     Many  influential  citizens  sanctioned  these  vib- 

mstration  iblic  feeling,  and  the  well-known 

:  •  ■<    »urier  and   Euqtfirer,"  Mr.  James  Watson 

share  in  this  vindication  of  Southern 

righl 

A 1  m .lit .  \<>w.  meanwhile,  continued  their 

-with  all  the  ardor  of  their  puritanical  descent- 
Qarri  -  to  England,  to  obtain  funds  by  theAnti- 

aml  in  18^4  he  returned  borne  with    Mr. 
G  Thompson,  a  Member  vf  parliament  aj   that  time, 

and  an  Abolition  leetur<  r.     This  led  to  so  violent   an   out- 
iqipson,  alarmed  \  >r  \u<   safety,  went   hark   to 
id.     A  licw  mo(|e  of  excitement  was  then  devised  by 
Abolitionists,  who_go1  up  a  clamorN  against  South  Caro- 
lina for  detaiuiug  free    Blacks   who   «:uiu'    into  her  porta. 

imed  that  free  Macks    were   her   citi 
and  that  ;i-  .-u.  . i  they  had  a  right  to  go  to  South  Carolina; 


4 


and  i    now  a  promi- 

•  i  -,r,.v-  « 


37 

but  as  she  made  no  complaint  against  Ohio,  Illinois  ami 
other  Stales  who  also  excluded  free  blacks,  it  was  evident 
that  she  sought  a  quarrel  with  South  Carolina,  for  the  verv 
purpose  of  spreading  the  Abolition  infection. 

A  Mr.  Hour  was  sent  by  Massachusetts  as  an  agent  to 
Charleston  to  make  a  formal  complaint  oi'  her  alleged 
grievance,  and,  as  was  anticipated,  Mr.  Hoar  was  summarily 
dismissed.  Upon  this  the  Abolitionists  professed  great 
indignation,  and  the  Legislature  was  appealed  to  for  a  mea- 
sure of  retaliation,  which  was  soon  gotnp  under  the  title  of 
a  "Personal  Liberty  Bill,"  which  was  designed,  under  a 
transparent  plea,  to  obstruct  the  restoration  of  fugitivo 
blacks. 

Up  to  this  time,  Abolition,  had  been  discussed  merely  as 
a  moral  question,  but  the  agitation  had  gained  such 
strength  among  its  unsuspecting  converts,  that  it  was 
thought  high  time  by  its  designing  leaders  to  carry  it  into 
the  political  arena.,  where  they  anticipating  making  it  a 
stepping-stone  to  power  ana  emolument. 

It  will-be  seen  in  the  seqnej  that  these  ingenious  schemers 
were  doomed  to  disappointment,  and  that  the  spolia  optima 
of  the  agitation  they  began  were  de-lined  to  be  gathered 
by  the   hand    of  the   pi  <nal    politician,    leaving    but 

*'a    barren   sceptre  in  their  gripe." 

In  1838,  the  Abolition  party  was  too  weak  and  too 
rant  of  political  strategy  to  dare  to  take  the  held  in  peri  on  ; 
therefore,  they  began  coquetting  with  the  prominent  politi- 
cians of  the  day!     Mr.  Marcy  and  Mr.  Seward  were,  at  that 
time,  the  candidates  oi  the  two  rival  parties   tor  Governor 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  perhaps  the  two  most  influ- 
ential men  of  the  "North.      Tic  occasion  was.  thought  0] 
tune  by  Messrs,  Smifli  and  Jay,  the  Xew  York  aponsi 
I'oi' the  untoward  bantli'  Lbolition  to  put  th  le- 

nien  to  the  te  '.     [t  hi  ppened  that  there  existed  a  Btat.i 
'ew  York,  called  lie  iiueait   Law,"  which  allow- 

i  slaveholder  to  bring  his  black  servants  with  him,  and 
remain  there  nine  months,  uithoui  prejudice  to  his  rigl 


.  ted  in  th<    federal  Courts  that  a  Blaye 

■  Id    not    be   rec'i 

■  in  relation  to  this  law, 
ling  act  of  hospitality  to  Sotith- 

Mr.  lo.  no    r*epty.      Mr.  Seward. 

■  i  ;-ward<  on  this  Bubject,  ami 

while  Govefno  tore  a  fugitive  slave 

oil  1  Virginia. 

ts  of  this  sectional  issue  were   foreseen   by 
a?rtong  otli         Ohio,  bi  1 3 

ftturc,  to  the  effeel   thai    ,fSlavery 

i/.fil  by  the  Constitution."  ami 

awful,  unwise  and  unconstitutional  interference 

boliti  Inistfi  North  with  the  institvi- 

•\  were  highly  criminal.     T  ul  pro- 

■:    Uiuliii-'hi  »ta  'lid  noi  escape  the 

8    .tli.  wh<-r.'    I  sated   not    only 

1      (3     p  ami  natural  feeling  of  indigna- 

■  ■ntinn-nt  that  had  occurred]  may  be 

Ptl  (State  of  Alabama,  to theefted  that  "all 

laifiihg  f  b  the  State  after  Augusl   1.  1&4D, 

!." 

rery  blose  6*1  handful  of  AboTStiohists  nret 

in  '  V  7.,  and  decided  formally  to  transform  their 

in  a  moral  into  ;i  political  question;  and  fchey 

.  ■  •".  d  "ti  a  political    organization!     De'tej- 

w  any  affiliation  with  the  partii  -  i  fth  •  d%y, 

;'  theft  own  band;  Mr.  Birney,  as  a  ean: 

idency  of  the  united  States.     It  was  now 

ioi  ate  observers,  tliat   the  motives 

Abolition  wore  no1  bo  much  the  emancipa- 

'.   .   BS   their  <.wn    -  leviitimi    to    place    and 

!i  the  North  regarded  them  with 
:  thai  day,  for  in  the  Federal  election  of 

.!  lnit  t. "(in  iroie  . 

question  received  a  new 

at  this  period,  from  the  <li  qs   awakened    by 

This  fine  country  had  once  formed 


39 

part  of  Louisiana,  was  ceded  by  K  ranee  to  Spain,  and  then 
became  a  part  of  Mexico.  In  183f>.  an  insurrection.  headed 
by  Americans,  broke  out,  and  was  soon  followed  by  the 
independence  of  Texas.  Speculations  now  ran  high  in  the 
price  of  her  lands,  and  the  projeei  was  broached  of  re-an- 
nexing her  to  the  I'nited  States.  The  celebrated  ])aniel 
Webster,  among  others,  favored  this  scheme;  but  he  was 
afterwards  induced  to  change  his  views  and  oppose  it.  ■'<  u£l 
as  in  the  case  of  Louisiana.,  in  ISO,"),  the  Xew  ftngland 
States  resisted  the  Annexation  of  Texas,  during  the  I 'resi- 
dency of  Mr.  Tyler,  on  the  same  pretext  of  extending 
slavery,  but  on  the  real  ground  of  jealousy  of  the  Sontli. 
The  leading  politicians  of  the  dav  were  -orely  emhaii. 
whether  to  support  Annexation  <•:■  not  :  and  by  opposing  it. 
Mr.  Clay  lost  his  election  in  1*44:  and  for  the  same  reason, 
Mr.  Van  .Buren  foiled  to  obtain  his  renomination  by  the 
Democratic  party.  The  difficulty  was  terminated  by  the 
admission  of  TesaS,  March  -\  KH5,  but  on  the  agreement 
that  four  States  she. Id  b  i  (bwaed  out  of  the  Territory 
besides  the    one    existing,   and    thai    the   Stae  -  ■!  nio< i 

south  of  the  line  86s  |0'  should  be  admitted  with  or  with- 
out slavery,  as  their  inhabitants  should  decide,  hut  .lit' 
•da  very  should  not  exist  north  of  thai  line 

A  temporary  lull  followed  ;   but  Ihe  slavery  question  Wfts 
soon  aL-ii  >tfiieal   grudge.     Tic    re- 

jection  of  Mr.  Van  But  the   I)';..  'audid; 

184f.  by  Southern  influence, in  consequence  of  hi 
lion  to  Texa<,  led  him.  from  motives  of  irritation,  to   raise 
itp  a  new  party  in  New  York,  on  the  cry  m  ••[•"■'..■    Soil,  or 
no    more    Slave   Slams."      This  aot  was  a   violation   ol   the 

■;  made  with  the  South  on  the  admission  of 'I 
and  wa     t'lMwncd  upon  by  the    Democratic    party:   bul    the 

if  the 
South,  tlie  infamous  "Wjl 

irry  their  she- 

The  Bill  |  ite. 

# 


40 
I  by  Mr.  Van  Barcn  \\  essful  enough  to 

o 

•  party  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and    to  gWM  the 
>  the  Northern  party.     This  incensed  ami  alarmed 

"M'iv  ar   la-t   {pacified  by  the  Compromise 
which,  however,  were  stoutly  opposed  by 

Mr.  \V.    II.  Seward,  who  had   bedOBM  already  the   chosen 
ami  wily  repiv-entative    of  the    anti-slavery    sentimen: 
the   North. 

II  observe  hen,  what  1  have  already  stated 

.  that  the  politician*   of  the   North   found  thcm- 

•     .: •!  predicament  ot  having  BO  political  princi- 

«•.     Tin;  settlement  of  the  TariU'fptestion   in 

the  demand  of  the  commercial  interests  of  the  North. 

.    wholly  destitute   of  any   policy    by    whirh    they 

might  i  ride  itttopower.      TTnder  these  circumstances, 

•  (fal  they    should    follow    with    a    wistful   eye    the 
tabors  ot   '■'.■■  Aholitionists,  who  had  certainly  succeeded  in 

toe  feelings  of  the  North  td  a   lively  pitch  ^\' 

3d  ithern  slavery.      They  were  not.  of  e< 

borrow  the  extreme  news  of  these  zealots, 

whicl  wholly  incompatible  with  the  existence  of  the 

'  ij   but  they  thought  they  might  venture    to   utilise  to 

advantage  the  anti-slavery  sentiments  that  had  been  so 

skille         ..'     Bed.      Th-'v    Ml    ahont    this   very    adroitly  by 

1  .  against  extending  slave  territory,  which  it  was 

Id  eieeofl  the  susceptttnlitiesof  the  Xorth.  and 

-  xaspcrato    the   South.      Tims   we   find  that 

politician,  Mr.  Seward,    already   al    work    in   1850, 

I  cd-  ot  the  BOW  anti-slavery  party oi  the  .North. 

the  healing  policy  of  Mr.  Clay,  on    the  ground 

:  alavery  and  increasing  its  area. 

the  prominent  measrires  of  the  Gempromiseof 

..-   the   new    KiiLritivc  slave    Law,    which    Daniel 

declared  to  be  far  more  favorable  to  the  blacks 

•  iiiineiided   by  Washington  in  1787.     Yet  it 

ipoj    by  the  cunning  of  the  anti-slavery  politi- 

np  the  subsiding  agitation,  and  several  of  the 


11 

Legislatures  of  the  ^Northern  {States  were  induced  to  pass 
■•Personal  Liberty  Bills,''  in  imitation  of  the  example  set 
by  Massachusetts. 

»  ft 

1  must  not  omit  to  remark  that  the  Abolitionists  still 
kept  on  the  even  tenor  of  their  way,  and  were  as  active  as 
ever  in  promulgating  their  impracticable  theory  by  secretly 
circulating  tracts,  books  and  pictures,  harping  on  slavery 
and  all  its  fancied  horrors.  They  still  kept  possession  of 
the  political  field,  and  still  hoped  to  make  a  ladder  of  their 
hobby  by  which  to  ascend  to  power.  In  1852,  they  dropped 
Mr.  Birney.  and  selected  for  their  Presidential  candidate 
Mr.  Hale,  of  Sew  Hampshire.  He  received  157,000  votes, 
airiinst  the  7,000  thrown  for  Birney,  in  1840. 

Anion u:  ether  ingenious  modes  of  excitement,  a  discus- 
sion  was  regularly  kept  alive  at  the  North  as  to  the  citizen- 
ship of  free  blacks.  Several  States  bestowed  the  suffrage 
upon  them,  as  a  practical  proof  of  their  right  to  rank  as 
citizens.  This  controversy  was  rather  inflamed  than  other- 
wise, by  a  decision  of  the  Federal  Supreme  Court,  in  the 
Dred  Scott  case,  1853,  which  settled  that  no  blacks  are 
citizens  of  the  United  States.  In  1851,  the  slavery  question 
re-appeared  in  Congress,  and  the  action  of  the  Xorth  on 
ilii-  occasion  was  pregnant  with  serious  consequences. 
Two  new  territories  of  the  West  were  pronounced  sulli- 
cicntly  occupied  to  render  legislation  necessary,  and  a  bill 
to  create  a  territorial  government  in  Kansas  and  Nebraska 
\va-  reported  by  Mr.  Douglas,  of  Illinois.  His  bill  contain 
ed  a  clause  to  repeal  the  famous  Missouri  line  of  30°  30', 
running  south  of  the  territories  in  question.  This  line  was 
tin'  basis  of  compromise  in  1X20.  and  was  again  a  meaus  of 
adjusting  the  dispute  that  arose  on  the  admission  of  Texa- 
,'  L84&  Ihq  c,.;i-titutionality  of  this  line  was,  however, 
than  doubtful,  for  the  reason  thai  ('ongr.  r  had 

.ni\    power  conferred  on  it  by  the  Constitution  to  legislate 
on    lavery  ;   nor   was   it  at    all    necessary,   since   individual 
aid  retain  or  exclude  slavery,  according  to  their 
are.     Besides,  the  line  in  question  was  really  a  nullity. 


>  unprofitable  to  the  north  of  it   that 

i  there.     It  was  only  to  the 

of  this  lii  •  y  a  prbmaiKl 

-  '..     [lei    <    the  Sotitn    made  no  objection  to  it- 

4;  but  it  is  difficult  to  |        Ive  what  motive 

\1  • .  !  i  .nil-1  have  had  rti  proposing  this  repeal,  unites 

glowing   embers  o>f  the  slavery 
tion. 

thia  Missouri  fine  revoked,  than  a  prompt 
oud  significant  movement  was  made*  in  the  New   England 
jpsml    Aid  5  were  formpd,  as  aJreaoT) 

in«'iiti(>uc<l ;  :  for  Kansas,  one  of  the  tetritorli 

lustily  summoned  as  recruits  in  tin- 
■     lavefY,  and  funds  in  the  \vji\  ofhonntv 
1  il .•■r:ill y <li-t fil>nt<"'«l.      Tliv  unusual  ri  i    tfmulatc 

^ned  to  secure  \- 
by  obtaining  ri  majority  forthe  Northern'  people.     Such  an 
attemptrmade  with  demonstrations  ofVeliement  liostttity  to 
;  o  provoke  anger  and  resistance.    This, 
•  -i  upon  by  the  anrr-felavery*proria 
ganda,  and  they  were  not  disappointed.     Thcsla*e  State  of 
iri;  (flrectfy  adjoining  Kansas*;  \tasnot  disposed  to  be 
tailed,  and, n  •.  rbredd  on:  of  their  legal  shi 

tc'rrffc  hey  did  their  beel  to 

■    i  bul  the  slaveholders  were  natn« 

rally  chfli  Wacks  with  them,  ae  they   <vei?e 

to  be  tempted  away.      \a  n  matter  of  course,  11  wm  i  im- 
ible  for  the  people*Dr  the  lw«f. opposite  Sections,  in  their 
in  temper  Of  mind,  to  hVe  Jong  in   peace  together. 

Polfi  bd,  and  occasiouaMOss  of  life  eneuech    TI>e 

la-ly  waiting  Bar  sonn-  such    news  ■ 
this,  for  it  was  rightly  anticipated  that  a  conflict,  sootier  or 
We. 

When  the  I  r  intelligence  al  laei   arrived,  a  wild 

.'.w>\  furious  -hrick  for   "bleeding  Kansas"    vibrated  in  a 

and  echoes  througB  all  th6  valleys  of  New    England. 

The  ■  A.boliti  imed  witli  the  most  dis- 


43 

cbrdaut  appeals  to  the  passions  of  the  people,  and  nothing 
but  imprecations  of  the  most  startling  description  were 
launched  against  the  ['Border,  Ruffians,''  as  the  settlors iVom 
IVlissou'ri  wore  forthwith  christened.  Public  meetings  wore 
called  in  the  Eastern  States,  and  the  pulpit  soon  became  a 
rostrum  tor  clerical  agitators.     Subscriptions  were   rapidly 

on  foot  to  buy  arms  and  ammunition  for  the  sacred 
defenders  of  anti-slavery  in  Kansas,  whose  brows  were  en- 
circled   with     the     lialo    of    martyrdom.     Speculators    in 

arpo's  rmes"  johiecl  in  tin-  well-sustained  chorus  of  ftxe 
Abolitionists,  and  a  considerable  profit  was  the  result.  Ai 
a  public  mooting  in  Xow  Haven,  a  well-known  Abolitionist. 
Rev.  Jf.  AVard  Beeclier,  of  "Brooklyn,  and  brothor  of  the 
authoress  o"f  'Hjhcle  Tom's  Cabin. "  aided  by  his  presence 
and  language  to  swell  the  clamor  fast  rising  in  tbe  Xorth. 
lie  desired  Ins  name  to  be  subscribed  for  "twenty -live 
Sharpe's  rillo<.'*  and  announced  ho  would  collect  the  money 
CO  pay  for  tbem.  in  his  cTiiVrcht  the  following  Sabbath, 
which  was  done. 

Such  ing •■nious  modes  aCs  these,  and  so  skilfully  handled, 
could  not  fail  to  excite  tbe  sympathies  and  stir  tbe  pas-ions 
or  any  community'.  Ever  since  1828,  the  Abolition  party 
bad  been  laboriously  engaged   in   sapping  the  mind  <>!'  the 

rth  on  tbe  subject  of  black  slavery  :  nor  must  it  be  for- 
gotten that  they  appealed  to  something  more  tban  its 
pbilanthropby.  when  they  raised  the  cry  6f  "X"  more 
slave  territory,''  which  -imply  meant  that  all  that  vast 
extent  of  country  stive-hing  from  tbe  Mississippi  fco  the 
Kocky  Mountains,  should  be  given  up  to  Northern  ('migra- 
tion. It  was  natural,  certainly,  that  so  palatable  B  doc- 
trine should  be  acceptable  at  the  \oith:   but  jn-t  as  natural 

thai  it  should  be   unwelcome  at  the  South,  v  iual 

as  were  so  u  >red. 

ly  tilled  by  the  Abolitioi 
was  now  ripe:  aodihe  leaders  of  the  old  Whig,  or  Northern 
party,  experic;  •  ,1c.  ami  with  an  organization  extend- 

er the  entire  Xorth.    stepped   for  d  brushing 


w 


who  had  sown  the  seed, 

mi  garners  the  luxuriant  crop  of 

iting  all  over  the  North. 

ion  in   Philadelphia,  June,  18ob\  ami 

:    ibKcan   Party."    made.   Got 

e  the   basis  of  party  action. 

Lantial  candidate  Mr.  John  C, 

•.  kud\rn  in  the  country  as  an  officer  of  the  army. 

l,ui  \,  any  political antecedents.  It  was  thought  jadi- 

.   iliticiaf)  I  \y  identified  with 

uicnt,  lest  the  possible  con^eaueno^s 

inn  the  and   thought"   of   the   North. 

lie]  il'li'-an  party  wept  to  the  polls, 

.  and  brought  off  a  vote  of  1,334,5  53.  They 

i  by  the  Democratic  party,  Which  was  now  the 

only  link  Ijetw.-cii  North  and  South  ;     but    the    Republican 

t  quit.'  sanguine  that,  \\  ith  the  tactics  their  expe- 

aid  .airy  off  the"  Presidential 

.It  was  thus  thai  the  mora]  question  as  to  the 

.  borrowed  from  England  by  our  Abolitionists, 

and  kept  alive  by  th<  ir  address  till  the  North  was  thoroughly 

converted  into  a  political  question 
ie. 

ana  felt  a  dread)  lest  the  Northern 

lio  had  conscientiously  imbibed   the  anti-slavery 

hem  reluctantly  to  carry  their  nncon- 

gitstation.     It  is  certain  they  had 

Mit  tliere  was  no  alternative.     Without  a 

i    hrandish    againsl    their  political 

thing  bul    to  abandon  the  hope  of 

ith    mc   d,angerou     arm  they  had 

Abolitionists.      Amhition  out- 

and  during  the  four  \  i  irsjusl  ••lapsed, 

I   with  the    din   of  the    anti- 

v.  ritere,  lector*  rs,  and  preach- 

•      d  in  th         '   .  and  their  united  efforts 
is  of  the   negro,  and  the  ex- 


communication  of  the  slaveholder.  Fvery  chtircn,  public 
hall,  and  hustings  through  the  North,  lias  rang  with  anathe- 
mas against  the  vilified  South  ;  and  it  is  npl  Btrari'ge,  there- 
fore, that  people  accustomed  to  th.is  unbroken  strain  of 
vituperation,  should  hegin  to  believe,  at  last,  that  slavery 
was  quite  as  hideous  as  it  was  painted. 

In  October,  1850,  an  event  occurred  which  amazed  the 
whole  country.  We  allude  to  the  invasion  of  the  State  o{' 
Virginia,  by  dohn  Brown  and  his  retinue  ot  men.  This 
man  Brown  had.  figured  in   "bleecliiiff  Kansas     as  a  daring 

&  ,r>  to 

ring-leader  of  the  anti-slavery  hands  that  had  contended 
for  the  mastery  there.  When  these  bloody  contests  subsi- 
ded, he  was  redueed  to  inaetion  ;  and  lie  ehafed  at  tin-  I 
of  the  stern  excitement  congenial  to  his  fierce  nature. 
Whether  it  was  fanati<-i>ni  or  ambition  that  inspired  him. 
no  one  can  say  ;  but  he  conceived  the  horrible  projeol 
setting  on  foot  a  servile  insurrection.  Followed  hy  a  hand- 
ful of  desperate  men,  he  suddenly  entered  the  State  of 
Virginia,  seized  the  arsenal  of  the  Federal  Government,  to 
obtain  the  arms  he  needed,  and  raised  the  cry  of  "Freedom 
fcO  8  aves."  To  his  astonishment,  no  doubt,  the  affrighted 
blacks  ran  to  their  masters  for  protection,  and  some  wnv 
shot  in  seeking  to  escape.  This  nefarious  attempt.  was 
quelled  by  the  arrest  of  lb-own  and  his  confederates,  and 
their  subsequent  trial  and  execution. 

One  thing  was  prove  1  hy  ihe  utter  failure  of  this  daring 
outrage,  for  it  showed  that  the  l>la<-ks  were  contented  with 
their  homes,  ami  desired'nol  the  emancipation  of  the  sword. 
Another  thing,  if  not  <[uit<'  Bq  dear,  at  least  looked  omi- 
nous. This  madman.  Brown,  had  been  known  as  an  effi- 
cient, instrument  in  the  hands  of  the  anti-slavery    party 

New  England  ;  ami  it  was.  therefore  a  matter  of  eeujectiirc 
at  the  South  how  far  he  was  incited  to  tin-  fearful  attempt 
against  their  very  existence.     Had  they  not  some  reason  t«< 

think  the  aet  net  the  approval  of  tie'    AbolltioflLgJa   <<i    \ 
North,  when  800  bells  tolled    f"r    the    fab     ol    Hmwii.   ami 


.  while 
• 
•    the   mind    and  heart  of  the 
were  K  J   to    bel'n 
tin:  Jtra  wing  of  the  Republican  par. 

and  tlio  destruction 
. 

in  the  sui  I860,  which 

•  1  their   conviction   that   the   North*  rn  States  had 

:  into  a  <  land  with 

lire  ami  swofdl      li  was  dis c\ ivercij  tiia:  a    book,    called  the 

•  [mpeudii  "  was  h  '  retl^  circulated  all  over 

meut,. '     The  nurjpovl 
this  volume  was  to  show,  h.  ;'  asDy  figures, 

■•    ;  th<'  fr<  i  >  rth  wa  profitable  than 

hlaek  lahor  of  the  South.     The  tdhe  of  the   hook   Was 
\Vc  will  acid  a  few  extracts,  whic1 
will  eui  i  ipiniou    of  the 

. 

. 

wlilcli 

!     -t!i  wTmt  Poland  h  to  !:> 

•ii    m  itli   Sl.i\  v.]n»liler.-    in 
Polltios;  ii"  Fellowship  with  tliciain  I.teligion ;  |io  AtHliatiun  \vitU  theui 

Ruffians, 

w  -s  :iiid  Criminal-."    -|  [i.   I".i'.. 

bljcnn  |mr  .  .'*— 

"  In 

ut  ai!  Iiu  djoiiftaea  <■;' 

11    ;:,     s:.v 
... 
• 

.    holders  cle- 
inflM*  Mil 


47 

'■Shall  we  pat  the  bloodhounds  of  slavery  (  Shall  wo  foe  tlio  curs  of 
shivery .'     Shall  we  pay  the  whelps  of  slavery?     Np,  never.'1 — Q).  329.) 

••  Our  purpose  is  as  tinnly  lixed  as  the  eternal  pillars  of  heaven •:  we 
have  determined  to  ftholisn  slavery,  and,  so  help  us  Goo  !  abolish  it  we 
will."— (p.  L87.) 

The  volume  containing  the  al)OV'e  ({notations,  not  by  any 
means  the  most  hitter,  was  endorsed  by  (18  members  of 
Congress  of  the  Republican  party,  whose  names  were  giv- 
en for  publication.  The  South,  under  manifestations  like 
these,  felt  they  had  a  right  to  infer  that,  it*  a  party  making 
8  ich  declarations  of  hostility  were  elected  to  power  by  the 
North,  they  must  either  consent  to  the  early  abolition  of 
black  slavery,  or  retain  it  by  seceding  from  the  Union. 

When  the  British  Government  emancipated  theblacksin 
her  colonies,  she  acted  with  the  strictest  commercial  equity  ; 
but  the  book  in  question  repudiates  any  compensation  to 
the  k-  curs  and  whelps  of  slavery.*'     One  more  extract  : 

"The  hlaek  god  of  slavery,  jvhjcu   tlv  South   has  worshipped  for  257 
-."-■:•.  f(>3  > 

Now.  the  writ"i-  is  ignorant  that  the  South  protested  for 
years,  first,  against  the  mother  country,  and,  next,  against 
New  England,  importing  slaves  withkfr-Her. bowlers.  How-  * 
ever,  the  objeel  of  the  book  was  to  inflame  the  mind  of  the 
North  against  the  South,  and  t*h«refore  falsehood  was  just 
as  good  as  truth. 

In  April.  I860,  the  delegates  of  the  J  >em<>cratic  part  v 
met  in  Gmvii/ioii  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina',  to  make 
.•  nomination  For  the  Presidency,  The  Northern  ty\ng 
of  iic-  party  proposed  Senator  L>otigl;e.  a- the  most  eligible 
euili.liia'  at  eie  North,  from  his  doctrine,  of;  ut  Popular 
vig-ity."  The  Southern  wing  objected,  as  they  con- 
.-:d.'i-e  1  aaid  doc.trine  only  a  coocessi  »n  to  the  A.nti-slaverv 
dogma,     Mr.  Douglas  did  not  withdraw  hie  name,    and  a 

* ■  '  ■ -7-* ' — 

MVt  T)o6gta$  proposed"  giving  the  people  ol  h    Territory  the  right  to 
retain  or  •  u  r,  Inrtead  ot'  reserving  the  derision  tHItheTerri- 

!-.-v    w  :i-  , ■:■!'!  ii'  ,,]      -    n  St.  1  !e,  tin-  pr:i.-|  i .  ■■  till  !|. 


I- 

rupture  of  the    party   ensued.      The    N"ortheru  delegate's 

■  ated  Mr.  Douglas*  fn  Baltimore,  June  18 ;  ami  on  the 

Southern   delegates  nominated   Vice- 

:•  lit   lirciki uri- i 

doubled  the  chances  of  the  ptepubljean  party. 
which  met  in  convention  to  Belecl  their  candidate  at  Chi- 

'  "'■  0.     I'    was  generally  supposed  .foal 
Mr.  W.  Jl.  Seward,  tin:  acknowledged  leader  of  the  Auti- 
: ;.  party  at  the  Noj$b,   au  able  and  wi  .  man, 

J  be  its  i  h:uii[)ion  in  the  electoral  lists  aboiil  to 

(•[-.■ii  :   but,  to  tin;  surprise  of  all.  an  almost  unknown  poli- 
tician of  tin-  \V.--t.  Mr.  Ahraham  Lincoln,   was  Bcjectea  as 
Lai    i.ir.i-hrarer. 
the  6tb  of  November,  \^<)<k  the  lonff agitation,  on*the 
I  icstion)  that  began  in  1803,   ended  with  the  elec- 
tron to  the  1'iv-ideiicy  of  Ahraham    Lincoln,    the  represen- 

of  the  Republican  party;  bnl  which  contained  within 
.  like  the  Trojan  horse  of  old,  the  armed  paten  of 
tion  party.  Shortly  after  this  event,  Gov.  Andrew, 

•  >:  Massachusetts,  declared  at  a  public  meetings  that  "the 
of  Mr.    Lincoln  wafl  only  Che   first  step  towards 

forcible  emancipati'dri/1 

KKMMK. 

The  whole  territory  of  the  States,  North  and  Smith,  was 
originaMy  ilaveholding — English,  Spanish,  and  French. 
Not  1'i'mim  any  local  law,  bul  from  the  laws  of  the  mother 
country. 

garded  only  as  property  in  all  the  thirteen 

ll   formed  the  I'nion  |   Bffltee    it    would  have  hen  a 

inauifl  urdity    for   the    slaveholders    who    made    the 

:     Independence.    1m   declare    "all    men  were 

horn  tree  and  equal*  had  they  not  considered    their  slaves 

i  ly. 

In  i'orminLC  the  I   niuii.  t  ItO  t  hirteen  slave  Male-  coiilerrcd 

upon  t lie  Kederal  (-lovernuient  the   power   to  tax  slave  p*o 

perty  ;    to  protect  it  fr<>m  foreigners.  m<  well  cm  the  national 


49 

territories  as  at  sea,  aud  also  from  domestic  escape  ;  and 
conferred  no  other  power,  either  to  prohibit  or  to  extend  it. 
The  ISTorth  clung  to  the  profits  of  the  Slave  Trade  as  long- 
as  possible,  and  attacked  the  slave  system  when  they  were 
deprived  of  those  profits. 

The  territory  that  was  once  all  slave,  lias  become  free; — 
1st,  by  the  Ordinance  of  1787,  prohibiting  slaves  north  of 
the  Ohio  ;  2d,  by  eight  Northern  States  abolishing  slavery 
in  their  borders  ;  3d,  by  the  Missouri  Compromise  of  18*20, 
prohibiting  slaves  north  of  30°  30' ;  4th,  the  act  admitting 
Texas  re-enacting  that  line.  Thus  the  North  has  driven 
slaves  out  of  half  the  Territories  of  the  United  States, 
showing  a  constant  and  large  aggression  upon  the  South. 

The  duty  of  the  Government  is  undoubtedly  to  protect 
the  property  upon  the  Territories,  until  people  there  settled 
form  their  own  laws. 

The  agitation  of  the  slave  question  grew  originally  out  of 
the  chagrin  of  New  England,  at  being  deprived  of  the 
slave  trade  and  its  profits.  It  was  prolonged  by  the  mutual 
irritation  that  the  opposition  of  Massachusetts  to  the  pur- 
chase of  Louisiana  occasioned. 

Emancipation  made  steady  progress  in  all  the  States,  until 
Abolition  forced  the  slaveholders  upon  the  defensive. 

Abolition  made  little  progress,  until  unscrupulous  parti- 
sans coquetted  with  it  for  party  issues. 

The  question  of  the  power  of  the  Government  to  exclude 
slavery  from  the  Territories,  has  been  blended  with  the 
moral  question  as  to  the  "  sin  of  slavery." 

The  cry  »f  "Free  Soil"  Was  raised  in  1-S4S,  \>y  Mr.  Van 
Pnuvn.  to  average  hi-  non-nomination  by  the  South,  al  lol- 
linioiv. 

The  compromise  measures  of  I860,  were  carried  by  the 
influence  of  Henry  <  Hay. 

Violation  of  these  comproi     -•  -,  by  the  "Pers  >nal  I . 
Bills"  of  tin-  Northern  St.:'  m   followed. 

Repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise,  in  1864. 
4 


•  li  party,  t<>  make  Kansas  a  Free 
■  ■.  which  wa  1  by  the  South. 

iblican  party,  under  the  lead  of  Mr.  YY\  H. 

;  it-  defeat  [\ 

itation  of  the   slaver)    qaeetioti  at  the  North, 

i»y  the  invasicn   of  Virginia    by   John  Brown,  hi 

.  and  the  circulation  of  the  Helper  Book,  in  1860. 

theory  of  a  "  Higher  Law"  al   tlie  North,  t<>  justifv 

i       -titution  and    laws   of  Congress,    has 

the  Higher  Law  of  self-preservation  at  the  South, 

t.)    a  dominant  party,  which  embraces 

avery"  among  its  tcnel  -. 

The  Soutln  have  been  for  nearly  sixty  years  the 

political  persecution    by  the  North,   which  they 

borne  with  patience  and  returned  with  kindness.     In 

the  North  entered  into  a  compromise,  which  has  been 

broken.     In  i  -  y  made  new  agreement^  which  have 

ted.     In    l '  ■  1   majority  elected  a 

tie   ••  1  ,;.;!' >!in"    that    "slavery   must  be  iv>- 

■.  .  ragqd  in   our  rights,  and 

threatened  in  our  interests,  what  course  i>   left   the  South  r 

i  d  ilieii  id  await  more  injury  ami  endure  more 

W        i  thl  gresslpns  of  the  North 

till  b  th  and  S  >::th  were  -wallowed  tip  in  the  vortex 

•hat  the s., mh  has  iio  alternative.  Far 

they  should  hrfvc   abandonee!    the   Confederacy  than 

in  only  i  thai   ■•omproinisc  the 

ty   "i    the   eo;intry.    am!    row  the  Rcedti  ot  undying 

• 

[i  ordiug  i ir  view,  the  South  entered  into  a 

'•ivil  tli    the    N-nh.    on    rertain  conditions  And 

have    been    broken,  and   the  South  re- 
nin";, in  her  opinion,  n,    her  original  'sovcreigntv.*      Even 


-■  war,  and  <»n  Joi  :  PI5,  a  report  of  a  cowmit- 

the  Hartford  Convention,  In  favor  of  immediate  secession 


51 

Wore  it  otherwise — were  it  true  that  the  South  owed  alle- 
giance to  the  Federal  Government — .still,  she  assorts  our 
owTn  Declaration  of  independence  in  177G,  and  thr  present 
practice  of  Europe  justity  all  people  in  repudiating  a  gov- 
ernment which  assails  their  rights  and  saeriiiee-  their  best 
interests.  Jt'the  Xorthern  States  do  not  aeknow  ledge  these 
truths,  then  are  they  ialse  to  their  origin,  and  seek  I"  sub- 
stitute for  a  government  of  opinion  the  tyranny  of  .force, 
The  South  will  adhere  to  its  rights  of  secession  at  all  haz- 
ards, and  at  every  sacrifice. 

A  few  general  considerations,  and  we  conclude  our  narra- 
tive. After  tracing  the  course  of  events  recorded  in  the 
foregoing  pages,  the  questions  naturally  arise — AVhat  ha-; 
boon  the  result?  What  have  the  Abolitioni-t-  jraineVM 
The  answers  may  be  briefly  summed  up  as  follows  : 

1.  They  have  put  an  end  to  the  emancipation  which 
originated  among  the  real  philanthropists  of  the  South.  Tn 
their  wild  and  fanatical  attempts  they  have  counteracted 
the  very  object  at  which  they  have  aimed.  In  the  language 
of  another,  "  The  worst  foes  of  the  black  race  are  those 
who  have  intermeddled  in  their  behalf.  By  nature,  the 
most  affectionate  and  loyal  of  races  beneath  the  sun,  they  are 
also  the  most  helpless  ;  and  no  calamity  can  befal  them 
greater  than  the  loss    of  that  protection    they  enjoy    • 

from  the  Dirton,  on  the  pTea  thai  the  Constitution  had  b 
the  Embargo  Act,  andthe  ordering  of  the  militia  into  tibe  ser^ic< 
United  States.     The  report  defended  the  right  of  secession  as  follow*: 
•■  that  Acts  (A  QoDgresa, in  violation  of  the  Constitution,  are  absolutely 

void,  i>  an  undeniable  position Hut  in  cases  of  deliberate, 

dangerous,  ami  palpable  infractions  of  the  Constitution,  affecting  the 
sovereignty  <•(  a  Mate  and  liberties  of  the  people,  it  is  not  only  the  right, 

but  tlie  duty.  i>t'  such  State  t<>  interpose  it-  authority  for  their  profo 
ih  the  liiamier  he.-t    calculated    to    secure  that    end.      \\  Ih-ii     i 
occur,  which  are  either  iic\  "iid  the  reaefa  "I   the  judicial  tribu;c  is,  •  f  fefl 
j. iv  — in::  I  -admit  oJ  the  delay  incident  to  their  foffOM,  Mtettii  which  have 
iinwii  umpire.  ;  .  irn  jindsjn  and  .    ■  ir  own  oV 

Lheir  power  as  e  •  otoaily  to  : 
their  own  sovereignty  and  the  right-  and  liberties  of  their  eitizt  i 


Indeed,   the  experiment  has  boon 

them    upon    a   freedom  which    they 

nod  the  dismal  results  are  before 

it  may  well  cxeite  astonishment."1 

;•       •  kimr  confirmation  of  the   above,    wo   extract   from 

veur  the  following  cases  of 
who  lived  tn  over  a  liuiu!  vd  voars  : 

105 

M  1  .*{.'> 

-  ( 140 

'l  I'-' 

Uli  the  Q  the   earth   in  their  posses- 

.    .i    long   discipline   as    the 

ULfiouaJ    indolence  has 

autii'ul  i:-lands  of  the  sea  into  howling 

..  bo  say,  that  if  the  South  should 

.      iiTcndcr  every  slave,   the   wisdom    of  the 

■    'iilil  not  solve  the 
■  >in  would  be  their  doom. 
ithern   n  nows  this  truth  and  feels  its  pow- 

• 

il  you   touch   cotton — the   main- 

..    iiiiirry  of  the   World    in    motion. 

Plain  wild  and  dangerous  notions 

of  111  ftYO  thus  jeopardized  the  eom- 

.:.tiy   and    the    manufacturing   interests  of 

;.      i,  •  \  have  Likewise  destroyed  conti- 

•  n,  all  the.  kind  relations  that  have  ever  existed 

•    ii  the  Morth  and  the   South    have   been  interrupted, 


hloropeaii  laborer^  tlio  biaek  lives  like  a prince.  Be 

lien  My  neat  anil  clean,  and  always  weather-proof.  He  lias 

over  which  he  is  lord  paramount.     He  is 

i.  well  lodged,  well  eluthed,  and  never  overworked.     Hi--  holidays 

inuii  1  with  infinite  gusto*     Sleek,   happy,   and  eon 

•■  live*  t"  i         -  :e.  I -lu'lder   finds   it  to  his 

gTOM  libemHy,  and  takesewry  moans  to  make  them 


53 

and  a  barrier  erected,  which,  .socially,  commercially,  and 
politically,  has  separated  the  heretofore  united  interests  of 
the  two  sections. 

3.  They  have  held  out  a  Canadian  Utopia,  where  they 
have  taught  the  slaves  in  their  ignorance  to  believe  they 
could  enjoy  a  life  of  ease  and  luxury,  and  having  cut  them 
off  from  a  race  of  kind  masters.  ;nnl  separated  them  from 
comfortable  homes,  left  the  deluded  beings,  incapable  of 
self-support,  upon  an  uncongenial  soil,  to  live  in  a  state  of 
bestiality  and  misery,  and  die  cursing  the  Abolitionists  as 
the  authors  of  their  wretchedness 

4.  They  have  led  a  portion  of  fhe  people  of  the  North,  as 
well  as  of  the  South,  to  examine  the  question  in  all  i|a 
aspects,  and  to  plant  themselves  upon  the  broad  principle 
that  that  form  of  government  which  recognizes  I  ru- 
tion  of  slavery  in  the  United  Stat  -\  is  the  best,  the  condi- 
tion of  the  two  races,  white  and  black  being  considered,  for 
the  development,  progress,  and  happiness  of  each.  Tn  other 
words,  to  regard  servitude  as  a  blessing  to  i}n~  negro,  ana, 
under  proper  and  philanthropic  I'eetrictipne,  necessary  to 
their  preservation  and  the  prosperity  of  the  ceuntry. 

5.  Step  by  step  they  have  built  np  a  party  upon  an  i 
which  has  led  to  a  dissolution  of  the    Union.     They    have 
scattered  the  seed.-  of  Abolitionism  until  a  majority  of  tic 
voters  of  the  Free  State-  Lave  become  animated  by  a  fixed 
purpose  to  prevent  the  further  growth  of  the  slave  p    >.t. 

The  power  of  the  North  has  and,  far 

the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  < ountry,  it  is  wb'M<  d  ;i  3  a 
sectional  weapon  against  the  in t  South.     Tie 

Government  is  now  in  the  haudi  of  ni 
ern  votes,  who  regard  slavery  ;i  rim  , 

they  will  have   the   meant 
purp< 

The  utterances  that  have  berel  from  th< 

trum,  or  from  irresponsible  assocjati  dividual s,  now- 

come  from  the  throne.     'Clad  with  the  sanctities  of  offi< 
with  the  anointing  oil  poured  upon  the  monarch's  head.  • 


forth   thnl    t!:<     institution   of    Honthern 

trained  within  assigned  limits.  Though 

Providence  should  send  forth  its  branches  like 

;:'l  soil,  heYe  is  a 
th,  thai     n\  •   it   shall  wither  and  die 

circle." 
i  ■■■    ident  of  th<>   1'n 

<  If  slave  ami 

half  r 

lh<*  ii.  ct  tliat  it  will  .  .':i«i>  t>ili.-  divj  led.     It  will 

bing,  or  all  tlio  other.     Either  U>  of  ulavery 

I  Oj   it.   an. I   |  [JUblic  Blind 

*hall  :  '   tliat  it  i^  in   tl 

iL  i:  forward  until  i;  shall  1  in  all 

.  ■  IJ  as  new .  X'Ttli  a-  well  us  South." 
.  1  hated  kIhwtv    as  mnch    a-   any  .\i><>liti<nii-4.      I    5ftV< 

• I  'in.-  Whig.      I  hfl  I 

:   nhitimto  i  .III    w»  re   ii 

lion  whether,  slaver  e  prohibited 

rv.  i;i  spite  of  the  DredS  I  wouH  \ 

••  tbofitionism  and  fanaticism  is  a  blood-hound  that  never 

track  wIhmi  it  has  once  lapped  blood.     Theelava- 

candidate  is  far  from  being  tl  tfmmation 

of  their  aims,     h  is  only  the  beginning  of  thai  coiYstrm- 

If  all  history  l"'  i  there  will  h>'  coercion 

■''  the   beginning  is  reached,  and  the 

banquet  of  slaughter  and  rain  shall  glul  the  appe- 

• 

i  the  end  has  come.    The  divided  house,  which 

I  tfullv  -aid  would  not  fall,   has  Fallen.     The 

ruin-  n  are  at  the  feet  as  well  bf  those  who  loved 

and  •  •  :  -  of  those  wholaborefl  For  its  destruction. 

1  n  is  at  length  a  nullity. 


THE  CONFEDERATE  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 


The  secession  from  the  old  Union,   or  the  dissoluth 
the  United  States,  -which  has  resulted  in  the  formation  of  it- 
new  Republic  called  ••  The  Confederate  Statpg  of  America^' 
commenced  by  the  withdrawal  of  the  Sovereign  State  of 
South  Carolina  from  the  Union.     The  Ordinance  of  S< 
sion  was  passed  on  tlie  20th  December,  1B60.     The   •■ 
sion    movement   thus    inaugurated,   was  taken   up  and  fol- 
lowed by  other  States.     Mississippi  passed  Ordinal: 
Separation  on  January  9th,  1861  ;    Florida,  January  11th, 
1861;    Alabama,  January   11th,    L861 ;    Georgia,  January 
19th,  1861;  Louisiana,  January  25th,  1861,  declaring  their 
sovereign    independence   and  separate   existence  from  the 
Union. 

A  Convention  of  Delegates  from  the  six  seceding  States 
was  called,   and  assembled  iii   Congr<  •  miery, 

Ala.,  to  organize  a  Provisional  (  The  a 

bly  met  on  the  4th  dayof  E\  '  \  Provi 

Constitution  for  the  States  was  {  i  od   the  8th  di 

February.  On  the  9th  day  of  February  Congn 
to  the  election  of  a  Presided  and  Vice  President. 
I)avis.  ef  Mississippi,  as  President,  and  Alex.  II.  Stc]  ' 
of  <  Georgia,  i .-   Vice-President,   vv<    e   unanimously   •  ' 
for  the  term  of  one  year.     On    the    L8th    day  of  Fein 
President  Davis  was  inaugurated.     On  February  1st,  18(51, 
the  State  of  Texas  passed  an'<  Ordinance  ol 
was  followed  by  the  following  Stab    :  Virginia,  April  17ih. 
1861 ;  Teunessee,  Ma\  6th,  1861 ;  ,\; 
North  Carolina.  May  20th,  1861  |    Vi -    i«ri,  Octol  er 
1861  :  Kentucky,  November  20th,  U 


Permanent  Constitution  was  adopted,  and  eppn 

by  •  !mt  mm  the  11th    Mar-h.  1861 

An  <!cetiou  for  President  and  Vice  President  waa  held 
on  th<-  6th  day  of  November,  ls<n,  for  the  first  regular 
term  of  >':\  yean  under  tin'  p  »nnanent  Constitution. 

Provisional  Govern  tided  on  the  18th  day  of 

February,  IS 

The  pen  Government  was  organised  on  the  22na 

oi  February,  I$62,  by  the  inauguration  of  Jefferson  Davis, 
as  IV  sident,  aud  Alex.  II.  Stephens,  as  Vice  President  for 

lar  term  of  six  vc;irs. 


57 


CHRONICLE    OF    EVENTS 

A  Ml 

DIARY  OF  THE  PRESENT  REVOLUTION. 


I860. 

ruber  <>.  Abraham  Lincoln  and  Hannibal  Hamlin,  the  Republican 
candidates  for  President  and  Vice-President  were  elected  by  a  sectional 
vote  of  the  United  S". 

November  13.  Georgia  Legislature  appriaflriattfd  »n«  million  dollars  to 
:irm  the  State. 

November  19.  A  detachment  of  State  troops  ordered  to  guard  the  arse- 
..'.  Charleston,  S  C. 

December  l4.  Cass,  Secretary  .  resigned,   because  President 

Buchanan  refused  to  reinforce  Fort  Sumter. 

December  17.  The  Comvention  of  the  people  of  South  Carolina,  called 
t<jgether  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State,  raeeta  in  Columbia,  S.  ('..  to 
decide  on  measures  relative  to  the  aspect  of  affairs,  arising  from  the  elec- 
tion of  si  President  and  Yi  nt  who  were  known  enemies  of  the 
.     The  Convention  adjourned  to  meet  in  <  hurl— ton. 

December  20.  The  South  Carolina  Convention,  on  the  ■econd  day  of 
\U  -■  —ion  in  Charleston,  with  but  few  dissenting  rote*,  passed  an  ordi- 


Ihe  election  for  I'.  id  Vioe-Preeideal  was  held  in  the  Ste1   • 

and  resulted  as  follows  : 

Total  nnml  •  1.'. 

Total  nnmber  of  Northern  States 8,490,076 

Whole  number  ol  votes  in  the  Union t,73l 

\  ote  for  Lincoln  

Vote  against  Lincoln  : — 

Dor  gifts   n  ;  I 



7 ;  -_• .  V  ',  7 

L& 

Majority  in  the  Union  against  Lincoln  1>T2,301 


nd    independent  from  tbo 

tfajor  -V  j  j  . !  • 
in-carriagcs  and 

'  : i < •  k !)<•>■  by  the 
enue-cutter 

!>.•<  v  of   W  ;r  .         Presi 

3  . . .  < - 1 : j •  :>. t  i . > m    nt'  J'«>rt    SmiitiT.    after 

lionld  be  pi 
S  Vrsenal  in  i  mod  of 

>ps  evacuating  it *by  agreement.    The 

■'  :inn»  ;iml  military  stores 

1861. 

.,>.  Cojuuiisaionors   Ici't    for    Waahkigton. 
Pulaski,  Savannah,  taken  and  g  -  roopa/ in  antic  i- 

upatiou    1  Mounl    Vernon   A  i 

:•    I  >plphin  ..-.ken  poi  - 

i     .    ention 

.  taken  by  the  Alabama  troops, 
lal  message  to  Ooinrr  i 
intrj  ■    -Tji  ■"'■  Thompson,  Secretary  of  the  interior, 
.  been  sent  to  Port  Sumter,  and 

:  and  ('a • 
h  of  and  I  by  Smitli 

:■  Hi'  the  Wesl  fired  into  an  !  driven 

I  land,     Failun  •  Ltempt  to 

■•!  the  ordinani .         -      - 
be  ajutllOI$tie$. 

I'ikr    in  .  ':!l'Hh  . 

■  ,'•■'..  ;.  passed  the 

I  <:\     ,!i-.    uihUt   COU1 

il.  Walton,  ba\  ;  :,  junction  al    Baton    R 

I  thi  parishes  of  Baal  and 

ok  unopp  i'>n  of  the  Federal  Arsenal  in 

commamtent,  surrea'deriag  it  to 


5$ 

(tbv!~Mbor6,  ami  being  permitted   to  remove  his  command,  with   their 
ami's  and  equipments. 
Tin' Alabama  Oohvehti§(n  by  a  vote  oft;  I  to- SO,  passed  the  ordinance 

•  cession! 
January  i-j.  Capttfre  of  the  Pe'nsacoia  Navy  Yard,  and  Port  Barrancas- 
Major  Chase  shortly  afterwards  takes  command,  and  the  siege  t 
ns  commences. 
January   l".  The  Federal  troops,   under  command  ol    Major  II 
whtbh  had  been  in  garrison  «1  the  arsenal-,  Baton  Rouge,  lefl  that  city  tn 
hoard  Hie  steamer  Sfagenta,  ft>r  St.  Louis. 

January  15.  The  Missfesrffpi  ordnance  of  sw  »ion  was  rtgned  by  every 
hi  'inher  of  the  convention,  excepl  tWO  wlm  were  a'^cnt.  thus  making  it 
the  nnanimous  act  of  the  com  ention. 

Lieut  Slenmier,  who  commanded  tin-  Federal  troops  in  Fort  Pickens. 
Pehsacohi  harbor,  refused  to  surrender.  Thefort  was  manned  by  abont 
one  hundred  men. 

January  FT.  \  Washington  dispatch  suinouuced  tliat  the  Cabinet  would 
not  recognise  the  South  Carolina  Commb>iom'ix  iti  their  official  capacity, 
and  refused  tO  hold  intercourse  with  t hem. 

January  is.  A  party  of  volunteers,  took  pwaession  of  iorl  McRae, 
Petisiicola  harbor,  and  found  in  it  several  valuable  guns,  but  none 
mounted. 

January  ]!>.  The  Georgia  Ootfrertkra,  by  a  vote  ot  2ns  to  99,  passed 
the  ordinance  of  secession.     There  was    prrcat   rejoicing    throughout   the 
as  the  news  apt 
January  23.  The  Washington  Artillery,  of  New  Orleans,  wan  orgi 
as  a  battalion,  under  command  of  Major  Walton. 

January  24.  The  Federal  arsenal  near  Anguata,  to;..  |  on  tain  ins  a  large 
quantity  of  arm--,  and  gartfgoned  by  a  company  of  Federal  krooj 

ed  to  Gov.  Brown,  of  Georgia,  who  had  about   700  State  troops 
with  him  to  support,  and,  if  pa  iiforce  his  demand. 

January  20.  The  Louisiana  Convention, by  a  vote  of  ija  to  17.  \ 
tie  ordinance  of  secession,  adopted  a  resolution  iu  relation  to  a  free  navi- 
gation of  the  Mississippi  river,  and  then  adjourned  to  meet    in    Now    Or- 
leans on  the  29th.     Previous  to  adjournment  the  ordinance1  was  signed  by 
all  the  delegates  but  ten. 

ruary  1.  Undei  Louisiana  Convention,  tin 

.Mint  and  Suh-'i.-  S  On  were  takaa  po 

■    old  officers  v.  ml  empov. .  Qtin'ue  "n  *' 

er,  the 
Snrv<  y or  and  the  Sub 
leld  from  the  !'• 

d  the 
non. 


:  alter  Gaei  tu  ihe  Alabama  au- 

in   Congress  to 
form  i  I  lary  will  be  ■ 

Jay  in  tli  try.     <  ':     tkal    day   the 

•UVflltinll  | 

the  Northern  sh.tc-  refining  to  be  ronas- 
•  Id  for  members  o>  :. 

titutiou  ot   the   Confederate   State-* 
I  torida,  Alabama.  Mis 

.   i.      :.  -iana  rapt  -  Uttlo  Kook  Ar.-v:ial.  \vi: 

^.Miiiiuiutio'.i.  surrendered  to  tin1  Arkansas 

i  wader  II.  Stephen*. 
•   .  i'l  \  i--<  -  J  'r.— *h)i!i*  of  the  Provisional 

.-.'  votes  were  counted, 

and  Raralla  were  decided  July  elected  Prssideat  and  Yice- 

abriefand  very  dull.    Tba  lincoiniteshad 

■•;   had  made  dispnsi- 

■uilii.iry  foi  oomraand  in  ri  ;o  the 

in  the  Capitol,  bat  unnecessarily,  as  there  waa 

;  eaetrarion  of  hostility. 

property  in  Texas  to 
.  ithbrities.  ito,  V  S  A.  nir  renders  San  Antonio  to  CM 

'        illoch  and  his  'I 

As  M   Montjrtnnery,  Ala. 
February  22.  Lincoln  Iraisi    .  (tag  of  thlrty-f  a  Independence 

ladelphia,  his  !'<"•>!    down  firmly'*  fur   "universal 

[unlity." 

tJAltimoro  incognito,  on  hi-  way 
in  a  hi  lie  morning.     Be  bad  audd<  •  'y  and 

! ■/.  i  speeial  train,  and  wasdis- 

li  plaid  cap   and  a  very  long  military  oloalt;" 

1  ■■   -  \  iral  of  his  partisans,  and 

taken  t<>  WiMard'a  Hotel.     Boon  afterwards,  accompanied  by  Beward,  he 

paid  hi  'uchanan.    The  cause  of  this  strange  nlghl 

Lincoln  ha*    I  explained.     His  partisans  tried 

to  malu  'c  was  a  ]  his  lite,  but  they  tailed  to 

bring  forwa  'a.     His  exit  from  the  federal  capitol",  it 

-  ii'idiiruiti.  i  as  bis  entrance  into  it. 

I  :.]•]•« >i nt <  id  Maj.ir -General  in  Confederate, 
Armv. 


61 

March  2.  The  Revenuo-auttof  Dodge  seized  by  liio  authorities  of 
Tex  a*. 

March  4.  <  taneral  Beauregard  MRsnmes  cuftmiand  of  tin- 1  roea*  beseigirig 
Port  Sumter. 

March  4.  Inauguration  of  President  Lincoln  took  place  in  Washii 
It  differed  from  all  former  Inaugurations  of  the  Chief  Magistrate  in  this, 
that  a  large  body  of  military  under  some  pretext,  was  concentrated  in 
Washington,  prepared  and.  under  orders  for  actn  e  serviee,  and  lhat  it  v.  as 
the  inauguration  o!  a  fVc-iden!  whose  authority  WR9  totally  repudiated 
by  seven    of   the  once  Fnited    State-,   and    w  :  ;iiuur   in    ■■ 

others. 

The  surrender   if  Fort  Brown  to  the  Texas  autlrtwi 
by  Captain  Hid,   commander  of  the  Federal  garrison,  on  the    demand   of 
the  Texas  Commissioners,  who  were  supported  b\  a  strong  ton'"  of  vol' 
unteers  under  command  of  Col.  Ford. 

Marcli  7.  The  Confederate  Congress  confirmed  the  noirtirmtiom  of  Col. 
Braxton  Bragg,  of  Louisiana,  as  BrigadrerCreneral  <>f  the  Pw>riak>nnl 
army;  also  of  Col.  Hardee,  of  Ga.,  as  Colonel  of  the  1>!  regitnenl  "f  Con- 
federate States  infantry. 

March  IF    The    Permanent   Constitution    of  the  rate    States 

udopted  by  Congress  at  Montgomery. 

Marcli  13.  The  Constitution  af  the  Confederate  States  ratified  by  Ala- 
bama, by  a  votfl  el  '7  to  S. 

March  Kb   Georgia  ralilies  the  Constkuth f  the   Confederate  States 

by  a  vote  of  87  to  •">. 

March  21.   Louisiana  ratiii. -s  !  he  (  oiistitufion  of  the  Confederate  8 

by  i  vote  of  ioi  to  7. 
March  23.  Texas  ratifies  the  Constitution  of  the  Confederate  i  tales  b> 

.1  vote  Of  08  to  2. 

March  SO.  Mississippi    ratifies   the    Coostitntion   of   the   Confederate 
Blatsi  by  t  vote  of  ffl  to  7. 
April  3.  South  Carolina  ratifies  the  Constitution  ofc  the  ' 

States,  by  a  vote  of  14'.i  to  St. 

Gen.  Beaaregard,  the  Confederate  commander  at  Charleston  sen; 
pfitch  by  telegraph  to  the  Confederate  Secretary  of  War.  at  Montgomery, 
stating  that  an  authorised  messenger   from    Lincoln  had  Jus}    informed 
GoTertior  Pickens  and  himseTf  that  provisions  would  be  sent   Into  Fort 
Sumter,  peaceably,  if  possible,  but  by  force,  if  i 

The   steamship    I3alt$<    h  I    \"ew  York 
heavily  loaded  with  arms,     nnjtions   of  war,  stores,   pr<  guntn 

bags,  iVc 

April  12-13.   Battle  ol   Fort  Sun  tor.     Brilliant  vi< 
llcauregard  and    the   South   Carolina  er    thirty-four    hours' 


62 

•at  the  fort  surrenders  to  the  Caufedesats   States.     v 

VraK  and  a  ineditnh 
on  it  v  •  qoently,  abandoned. 

April  14.  Evacuation  of  Fori  Sumter  by  Major  Anderson  and  hi*  cam 
:11.1ml.     Altrjiit.i.iii     Lincoln,     President    >•;    the  1  sited  States 

.    to  put  down  tin-  ''Southern 
,li<>n." 
April  r,  U.  &  A.,  surrenders  Fort  Bl 

I  I.  W.  M<  (iritliu,  thi  tmintS9ioner. 

April         -      ire  of  the  North  Carolina  forts  and  the  Fayettevilh)MP<- 
nal  bj  ■]>-■ 

r«l  lii—  proclamation  caUii 
Apri  lire  of  the  steamship  Star  el   I  I  Van 

Dora,  0.  S.  A. 
April  IT.  oia  i"ii\r;iiiu:i  passed  the  prdiruvn 

I  tn   ratification  bj    the  b«    people  op  the  8$d  day  <»i 

1  in.-  t'unvi  iitioii  al>>>  ratified  the  constitution  of  the  Provisional 

linriit  of  I  ltd  Stales. 

April  li'.   The  aarrlson  in  Harfecji  Ferrj    Armory,  under  cotumanH 

d1  Lieut,  Jonas,  hearing  of  the  approach  of  a  bod}  of  Virginia  troop*. 

Armory,  and  evacuated  the  place 

which  was  Una  pied  by  the  Virginia  troop-. 

April  1'.'.  'Hie  Baltimore  massacre.     The  oiti  Baltimore  »;ta>-i 

Northern  mercenaries  passing  through  tbeirckj  en  route 

lnin'i!>  regiuieut  fires  on  the  pei  iplo,  and  main 

led.    Two  mercenaries  aro^also  shot.     Greajfc  exeitenicnt  follows. 

iryland  people  proceed  to  born  the  railroad  bridges  ami  fear 

up  the  track, 

able   exciteiuuul    ftu*    treated    throughout    the    t'onfeUornn- 
bj  a  report  thai  Gen.  Scot!   had  resigned  his  commission  in  the 

oln  issued  hi-  proclamation  thai  be  had  sel  pu  fool  a  blockadi    ol 
rts  ..1  the  seceded  States,:  also,   thai  any  Confederate  privateer 
!  nited  States  would   be  held  amenable  to  the 
the  punishment  of  pin 

.  lie  of  things  in  thai    citj 
open  1  ii"\\.     The  press  is  gagged.     Free 

lalfofthol  not  allowed,  and  a  sympn- 

w.ith  the  South  hardl)  dare  call  his  soul  his  own.     And  this  a  free 

r.iuni  >I< fthe  press,'  the  great  Herald'  whicti-hu* 

nth  unflinchingly,  has  cowered  before  a 

mr  Mend  to  j  our  enemy.     <  Mini-  journals  have, 

been  threatened  with  pfftage,  or  blown  fifty  high  with 


(33 

gunpowder,  unless  they  came  out  boldly  and  unequivocally  for  the 
Union;  one  printing  establishment  has  been  entirely  sacked,  and  tfio 
mob  reigns  supreme.'1 

April  20.  Capture  of  the  Federal  army  at  fndlanola,  T 
Van  Dom,  C.  S.  A.    The  Federal  officers  released  on  parole. 

April  20.  Attempted  destruction  of  Norfolk  Navy-vard  by  the  Federal 
authorities.     The  wofks  set  on  Gre  and  several  ships  scuttled    and   sunk. 
Tie  Federal  troop's  retreat  to  Fortress  Monroe.    The  Navy -yard 
qucntly  occupied  by  the  Virginians. 

April  21.  The  steamboat  Decatur,  bound  to  New  Orleans,  and  li 
with  provisions  and  Western  produce,   was   boarded  at  Cincinnati  by  a 
mob,  and  detained  by  the  "Committee  of  Safety." 

April  22.  Florida  ratifies  the  Constitution   of  the    Confeitbtate  ? 
unanimously. 

April  28.  Federal  troops  were  stationed  at  Cairo,  fflinqis,  ostensibly  to 
prevent  steamboats  and  other  craft,  bound  South  with  provisions,  Arc, 
passing  down  the  river. 

Fort  Smith,  Arkansas,  captured  by  the  Arkansas  troop-;  under  Colotn  I 
Solon  Borland. 

April  2C.    The   'Washington  States  and    tTnion — a  tie  utheru 

paper — suspended    publication,  apprehending    violence    from'   tin    1 
colnites. 

May  1.  The  new  tariff  of  the  CenfeHorate  States  «\?ht  into  op<  ration. 

May  6.  Teanesj  •]  from  the   tThion.     Arlcans;  fyom 

the  Union.     War  declared  by  President  Davis  againsl  the  l'i 
The  Cont'e  h  is  issue  letter^  of  marine  to  jmvaf 

Ma>  '.'.    The  blockade  of  Virginia  commenced. 

A  body  of  Federal  troop,  under  command  of  !b. 
men  of  the  Nth  ii;  laiit ry  >  survem  ttl     War    to    <  ol.    Van 

Darn's  command,  uenr  .he  San  Lucia  Springs,  22  B  u   An- 

tonio.    This  w  ii-  the  las;  body  ..!'  Feder.d  broopd  in  T<\ 

May   lo.    A  body  oi  .'i.hihi  Federal  volunteer-,  under  <  apt:, in  by  US,  F   !" 

A.  nnroiuHl  the encampnieat  u  . r  St.  Louis, 

and  oblige  them  to  surrender.  I'hc  St.  Louis  Massacre.  The  German 
volunteers,  under  Colo  Ji».,    wantonh    tire  upoa  the 

people  in  the  streets  of  St  Louis,  kinitt-  and  (rounding  :i   large  number. 

May  ll.  The  Bt.  Louis  i.  repetition  of  t:>  nes  of 

May  lo.     '1  1,,   d<  I  ol  down.      ;  '     •     • 

butchered   in    cold    ldo.nl.     T-he  bfc 
niuiieed  by  tii  ra. 

May  14.   Gen.    B.    F.    Uuth  r.    with    a    Sod} 
occupied  Baltimore,  issued  a  proclamation  to  the  pcoph-  ■ 
■M-ttii:^:  forth  I b<  Hon. 


:  Prioe  v.  as  apjxi  '         ■  M  --..>■  ri 

IPs    Poi   t 
i,  aided  by  tin- 
in;-  driven  off  with  '  '        ■   hurt  on 

rgini 

the  principal  telegraph  office*  in  Liucoludoni, 
btain  evidence  ngain.-t  Northern  ^yi 
with  the  South.  '   Lmeolhito  paper?  lauded  the  lyrni 

,,d   in  tho  vicinity,  there  were  soiuu  i. 
i  •■  troop*,  from  Louisiana,   Mississippi,  Alabama,   (jcorgia  ami 

Florida,  under  oommand  of  Gen.  Dn 
Wheeling,  V*  ipied  bj  Federal  troops. 

I  |  ,  :i  E.  Johnson  take-*  conuuttnd  ■  »!'  . 

•  ^«- 

84.  Alexandria,  Virginia,  occupied  by   5000   Federal   troops,   tl^e 
tans  having  retreated.     Killing  of  Colonel  Ellsworth  l»y  the  heroic 
on, 

(jamptou,  Va.,  uear   Fortress  Mour  tlie  J 

pied. 
I  Mobile 
idenl  1  '•"•'  -  ;'  Richmond, 

.  i  Virginia,  was  occupied  !>\    Federal   ti 

ral  Harney  removed  from  the  Federal  command  hi  Mis 

►niiri.  I  f  liis  not  using  proper  efforts  to  snbdne  the   Missouriaus, 

by  General  Lynn. 

..!.    Fight   :■'   Fairfax   Court    Hon  ncounter  of  tho 

oaauMri  the  fall  of  Hanstev.     Federal  cavalry,   commanded  by 

and  were   repulsed, 
with  heavj  loss,  b}    Warrenion    Rules,  commanded   by  Captain    Man-. 

finning  of  the  i  ■  arnor 

Su.ii!  ■  !  the  Virginia  troo|w  i 

in.  ni  al  a  the    V  irginte    bei 

ami  the  I  i  ind  Tu as 

i  .1. 
.lunc  :'..  Uatllv  ol   PhiUippa,  iy    ■  ■    Virginia.     Col.   Kelly,    copp 

ruanding  a  bod)  ol  Federal  troopj  aud  Virginia  tocics,  attacks  an  iuferior 
lUtherners  at  Phillip]  I  uloucl   Ponterficld,  and  routes 

them.     I  ■'■'}  worn  ipveral   on   both  sides  iv 

led. 

i-  died  in  <  Ihic 


65 

-Tunc  5.  Fight  at  Plg*a  Point  Battery,  between  the  Confederate  troops 
and  the  United  States  steamer  Harriet  Lane,  resulting  in  the  discomfiture 
of  the  enemy.     The  Harriet  Lane  badly  hulled. 

June  8.  The  people  of  Tennessee  ratify  the  Constitution  of  the  < 
erate  States,  by  a  vote  for  separation  of  108,511  to  4flT,238. 

June  10.   Battle  of  Great  Bethel,  near  Yorktown.  Ya.     This   sj ■'. 
victory  was  gained  1-y  eleven  bundivd  North  Carolinians  and  Yirgi 
commanded  by  Colonel  J.  Bankhead  Mftgruder,  over  lour  thousand   five 
hundred  troops,  under  Brigadier  General  Pierce.     The  Federal  Iroof) 
tacked  the  Southern  entrenchments,  and  after  a  fight  of  four  hour-   wore 
driven  back  and  pursued  to  Hampton.     Southern  loss,  one  man  killed  and 

ren  wounded.  Federal  loss  is  believed  to  bo  several  hundred.  ITiej 
confess  to  thirty  killed  and  one^hundred  wounded. 

•Tu no  13.  Governor  Jackson,  of  Missouri  issues  a  proclamation,  calling 
the  people  of  that  State  to  arms.  Ho  commences  to  concentrate  ti-.'  j.- 
at  Jerl'erson  City,  bnrninc:  the  bridges  on  the  route  to  St.  Lotus  and  the 
East. 

June  1(>.  Gen  J  E  Johnston,  with  nearly  all  his  force?,  withdrew  fn  m 
Harper's  Ferry,  having  previously  blown  up  the  stupendous  railroad 
bridge  over  the  Potomac,  and  fired  the  eight  large  buildings  in  the  armo- 
ry yard.  He  moved  towards  Winchester,  and  the  army  bivouacked  in 
the  vicinity  of  Charleston. 

Mr.  Tucker,  editor  of  the  Missouri  State  Journal,  was  agceeted  in  St. 
Louis  on  the  charge  of  treason. 

Federal  troops  occupied  Jefferson  City,  Mo.,  without  resistance. 
Jack  son  and  his  party  had  left  two  days  previously  for  Boonevi.le. 

June  16,  Fight  near  Leeshurg.  Ya.  Federals  driven  off  by  Qojonel 
Hunton. 

June  17.  Another  murderous  outrage  by  Federal  troop-  Limine 

Guards;  occurred  in  St.  Louis.     The  gun  of  one  of  the   soldier-  ac?i 
ally  exploded  as  tney  were  on^fhe  march,  when  opposite  the    Recorder's 
court-room,  and  they  immediately,  without  any  provocation,  fired  indis- 
crYminately  among  the  people,  seven  of  whom  were  killed   and   »  I 
number  wounded.     One  of  the  men  killed  was  in  the  court  v<«>'.\\    ifl   the 
time,  and  the  Recorder  had  a  narrow  escape. 

■Line  17.  Battb  art  I\:iii-a-  City  between  1300  Missourians,  umh 
Kellc.v.    and    1300    Federals.      The    latter    defeated.     Federal    lOsrt   100 
killed  and  wounded.     Confederate  b>s--  40  killed  and  wounded. 

June  17.  General  Butler  demanded  15,000  additional  ; 
Mniu-oe.     Thfe  Southerners  burn   seventy  locomotives  on  the   Balth 
and  Ohio  Railroad.     An  order  from  Gnverndrtttpflhi,  tli 
troops  shall  occupy    any   portion    of   Kentucky.     The   therm' 
Alexandria  105  degrees  in  the  shad*.     Wise  moving  oppos;.   Met. .  ,       i 
advance.     Sawver's  cannon  mounted  nt 
5 


66 

June  lb.  skirmish  at  Ytenn  lonel  Gregg's  South 

Carolina  Regiment  and  the  otli  <  >hio  Regiment.     The  enemy  routed  with 

•  Sohenck,  the   Federal  leader, 

mber.     This  was  represented  as  a  triviul 

■  vents,   and    indicative  of  after 

force,  hihI  attacks   the  State  militia 

The  mii:  essfully.    Federal  loss 

100  killed  and  a  ifederate  Ids?,  7  killed  and  30  wounded. 

.lune  10.  Serious  tight  ai  k,  near  Romnej,  Va.  ('"1  Vaughan, 

■  ian-  ami   I  •  ites    a   body   of    Federals, 

killing  ft  mi!..  ■>  r.     N  killed. 

:he  i-vacuat'h.n  of  Efyper's  Ferry  aa  in  perfect  accord - 
aad  that  no  Southern  movements  can  in  the  slightest 
,i,  _    ...    ;,-,',    •  :,-].;•"  ;:\;!i. m.  .     A     lia  (  reek  defeuees  increased. 

\  irciilia  ratified  ordinain •  mod  by  vote   of  73  to 

3.    State  »  -al  ofduiid. 
.luu.-'Jl.  The  \V intern  Virginia  I.ineolnite  Convention  elected  Frank 
..r:  also  a  Lieut enanl  Governor,  and  «  full  Governor's 
il.    The  bogus  Governor  was  inaugurated  at  Wheeling. 

seling   masked    batteries   uppodtc    Kip    Raps.      Ro 

\  to  raise  two  Kentack)  rogimeate,  with   blank  commissions 

>ttoii  orders  that  permits  shall  be  obtained  for 

m*  the  Loiti<svi.le  and   Sashville  Railroad.     A  battle   !»•! 

division  and  Beauregard    at    Vienna,    anticipated — the  main 

..  »truek  from  Washington,  intending  to  effect 

-ippi  Souini  blockaded  by  Federal  war-veseplh    Coast - 
on  by  the  Beef :  do  damage  doaei 
juni  ih  bank  riot  in  Mil waukie.  Wis.     Military    ordered    out, 

and  tin   on  the  people,  killing  nenrir  t*fn. 

|  oonty,  Va      \  force' of  Federal  marauders  land  on 

•  i  and  coinmit  depredation-.     They  are  driven 

killed  by  n  company  of  Virginian-. 

Urillirtllt   atl'air  ii.  .ir  Uoiniuy.      Uaptaills  Richard   and  Turner 

.  with    a    handful    of   followers,   cut    to 

f  the  euomy,  the  Asbbys  fighting  half  a  dozen   Res- 

^iMn-     •  the    -aine    moment.       Captain     I'ick     Ashby  mortally 

grounded. 

.Inno  J7.  tbias   Point,    between    the    Confederate 

imer    Freeborn.     Captain   Ward,  of  the 
ro,    killed.     Marshal    Kane,  of   Baltimore,  arrested  by  order  of 
rmuent,  and  incarcerated  in  Fort  Mellenry. 


()7 

June  2S.     Skirmish  near  Alexandria.     Serjeant  Bangs,  Od  Richl 
killed. 

Skirmish  near  Cumberland,  Va.,  in  which  tin'  Fedbraki 
rious  retreat. 

June  "29.    The   jury,  with  regard  to  the  late  Mood>  tragedy  i"  *'• 
Louis,  brought  in  a  verdict  that  the  shouting  <>1'  eitizen  •  by  the  Federal 
was  done  without  provocation. 

St.  Nicholas  steamer  captured  on 
ington,  by  Col.  Thomas,  (Zarvonai  and  together  with  three   pri  i<  -  Rnb- 
Boquently  taken,  carried  into  the  Iluppahanuock. 

July  1.  General  Patti  be  Potomac  wirli  the  Federal  arm\ 

near  Williamsport. 

Seizure -of  the  Baltimore  Police  CounnisuoBera  tij  order  of  Genera] 
BaAks.  They  are  contined  in  Fort  Mellenry,  and  afi«-ru  ard-  removed 
to   l'Mi-t   Lafayette.   (Xew   York.i 

July  2-3.  Blockade  of  Galveston,  Texas,  commenccil. 

July:1..  Battle  of  ITaynesville  ofl  the  Potomac,  between  Geh.  Patter- 
-on*s  army  and  the  Semi  hern  advance  under  Col.  Jackson.  After  a  Mian. 
Sght  the  Confederates  retired.  Federal  loss  90  killed  and  wounded  and 
87  eapturcd.     Confederate  loss,  5  killed  and  7  wounded. 

The  Lincoln  CaLinet  decides  to  make  a  gf&nd  advance  and  a  triumph- 
ant entry  of  the  Federal  army  int< •   Rtehrrtdttd,  Ya.      Fr< 
sioned  as  "Major-General  in  the  Federal  army. 

July  5.  Battle  of  Carthage.  Mo.,  between  the  State  troops,  undi  c  com- 
mand of  Governor  Jackson,  and  the  Federals,  tinder  Gen!  Sfegell  The 
battle  was  a  bloody  oim.  re  nearly  surrounded  and  cut 

to  pieces.    The  Federal  loss;  'cm  killed  and  wounded;  Soutfii  rn 
killed  and  wounded.     Federal  forces,  under  Genera!  Patterson,  take  . 
ion  Of  MarfctUsburg,  Vn.     Patterson  adv;mces   and   attacks  ;L    I 
feder  ■»,  under  command  of  General  Johnston,     The  Federals  are 

defeated  with  great  slaughter,  and  forced  back  to  Mertinsfa  ,v\ 

skirmish  occurred  near  NewpoitNcws,  between  a  bod; 
Louisiana  battalion,  under  command  of  Lieut <-naut-<  <>]i.n<d    Drew! 
Drew  was  killed  in  loading  the  attack.     The   Federals  v.  |    to 

•:cr  sufferi  -  of  50  killed  ami   wounded. 

July  :>.  A  bed]  i  nynnad  of  <••  n.   V 

•speared  so  l,.]     .i  troops,  with  a  quantity  of  asms,    ■mmnnition  and 
provision-,  ho,   Mo. 

Lincoln,     in    his    n  >  she    ]■'>■■ 

mea  wake  the  <  oato  SI  Tort  and 

d.    i-i\..'      He  denied   Mat.-'    ri  -.-sinned    ■  of 

ignty  for  the  Fed<  ral  Government. 


Was  the  blockade  from  Um  lauatssippi 

..:iuT  Lnt  succeeds  in 

lerate  batteries  and 

■ 

reinforced, 
:io<l  ho  prepare*  t"  m  6  junction  with  General 

;l  Lyon  marched  towards  Roonville, 
■  t .«kf  tli.'  oath  <>t'  nllt'tfi.-uice  to  the  Fed- 
. 

An  United  btntea  rag  rtnunrr 
es  mi  Snip  Inland. 
..ittcr:!-!:  between  tljo  Confederates  and 

erly,   Va.;  ronttaat  skirmishing  occurring 
■  era. 
JourufJ,  tor  itfl  able  advocacy  if  South- 

.    and   itfl   stingipf  fttion   of    Lincoln,   his    advisors    and 

a  suppressed  h$  9TU>  ■.•  of  iicn,  Lyon. 
Rich  .Mountain  ween  atv/iment  of  Virginians,  wider 

ram,  and  a  laqjc  body   of  Federals.     After  a 
forced   t"  retreat  before  a 

LOO     killed    and     wounded  ; 
■■•.mdcd.       Laurel    Hill   evacuated    by   (ien. 

i  :  :e  petition,  gotten  up  by 

York  lit;.  i>  seized  by  the  City  Marshall.    Mc- 
Clellan  pur         I  I  tt,  and  attacks  the  Mar 'of  his  retreating 

■ 

•    >        ..  e.    in    Western  Virginia.     The   Confeder- 
ind  !i  .i'  liuinhvd  captun  cl  !>y  ti.ii.  MrL'kllan.      ( ien.  Garnctt 

i 

inawkn  Valley,  between  a  l«>d>   of 

.    i    body  "i     Virginian!     7"",    uiid-r  (i.'iieral 

•     d    virion   o\  .r  the    Lcil.'raK   and 

■ 

..!ii\.    tttlder   I  he  command    of  (general 

•  ■I-   toward-     Manassas,      Battle    of 

Hull   1:  un    .  .i  -    achieved    by  Gen. 

I  federal    I  >•<-,     l-'ni    killed    and 

•  killed  and  100  wounded. 

-ion.  of  ill.'  ( 'onfcdi'j-nte   Slate- 
d  Riohn 


69 

The  maiu  body  of  the  army  of  the  Shenandoah,  under  command  of 
Gon  J  E  Jolinson,  arrived  at  Manassas.  I  ten  Johhsita  arrived  atojOut 

July  %h  A. luival  eng^genwut  took.pkce  bn  Oregon   rnjet;   X.  ' 

tween  the   Confederate  steamboat   Beaufort  and  a  Federal 

name  unknown.  The  latter  having  received  three  Shots'  in  her  hntt, 
hauled  off. 

July  21.  Groar  battle  of  Maqomas  Plains,  V  .  Thcj0o  (federate  army, 
under  Gens.  Johnston  and  Beauregard,  achieved  a  glorious  and  triumphant 
vietory  over  the  United  States  army. 

The  Federal  army,  commanded   by   (..    .  iteDo.wpli,   accord*  qg  1 
informed  bineolnite  journals,  9  strong,  and  had  lit* 

cannon.  The  Confederate  army,  under  command  of  Gefiifl  J  E  Johnston 
and  Beaueegftrd,  was  about  S6,(S0G  Strong,  and  had  50  pi 
The.  battle  commenced  soon  after  Sunrise,  and  raged  until  nearly  A  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon,  when  the  Federal-,  defeated  at  all  point-  and  panic 
stricken,  tied  from  the  field  irrthe  utmost  disorder.  In  all  available  diiw- 
tions,    closely   pursued   by    th<3    victofiou  rates.     Tiio  vaunted 

"On  to  Richmond"  movement  wa-  changed  int  »ageneral  and  inglorious 
rout.     "  The  admirable  character  of  our  '    'ii.  Johnston  says,  in 

his  official  report,  "is  incontestable  prevail  by  the  rtsalt  of  this  battle  ; 
especially  when  it  is  remembered  that  little  more  than  B0O0  ifcefl  pf  the 
army  of  the  Shenandoah,  with  Hi  gune,  ftftd  less  than  8060  of  that  of  the 
Potomac,  with  I  guns,  for  full  live  1  •■  sssfally  r. 

8.  troops,  with  a  powerful  artillery  and  a  superior  force  of  regul 
airy.11     "The  brunt  of  this  hood-fought  engagement  fell  upon  tin-  troop; 
who   held    their   gfOUttd    Bfl    loqg    frith    BUOh    h  '    ■■\."     "The 

victory^'. says  Gen.  Beauregard,  "  was  dearly  won  by  the  death  ofmahv 
officers  and  men  of  inestimable  ?alue.    ] 
society."     Amon^  tin   Gonfodarstes  hilled  w.  •■ 
The  Confederate  Ipss,  according  tq  (ion.  I  d's  report  •■■  . 

860 ;  wouaded  1488;  making  an   aggregate  of  1852.     The  Federal   I  <-- 
can—4  fro  aoaaJateiy  stated.     Their  official    fl 
an  approximate  estimate.     Gen.  ird  says,  in  Ms  report  i  " 

warranted  in  placing  the  entire  los.i 
wounded  and  prisoners.     T<>  tin- 
of  the  battle,  the  thousands  ol 
rejoined  their  Mgimeats,  and  who  ; ••■• 
a<  if  slain  or  disabled  1  ;.    woande."      In   oddftioi  ( 

lured  on    the  held    ami   in  the    | 

muskets,  nearly  BOO; artridptoa,  fe 

.  with  their  harnesa,  26  - 
quantity  of  clothing,  build 
dent  Davis  arrived  on  the    fieW  of  battle  in 


7" 

..i.l  « oinplete  ruui  <ii  tin- 

R  li'u-li.  in   I 

I*  S  A,  and  nineteen  sailors, 

i    lusrille,  Ky.,  bj 
Davis; 

'; 

Veivlv 

[i  pal  Loss,    39   killed 
. 

Waahiagtan  ("\\y.     <■■  n.  ktf 

mint   <•*'  the   Grand    Army   ;ii  \ 

•  deral  troops  be  <#61  !'•■  CSiV,  ai  Fort 

July  l  ■  roaches  I 

trid,  Me.   I  derate  army  o 

tratin  M      ixiri. 

commence.-.    \xU   march    down    the  ^  atk  IV 
ninsula, 

s!  A  bod)  of  T.'i  Southrons,  after 

and  routed  a  detachment  tend*.    The 

■•  i '    •  tuad<  an  attempt  tt»  bombard  t lie  i 

ml :  the  ateamt  opelled 

urrdei    ■   mimand    of  Major  l.yml  . 
in  Arlzoaa,  after  destroying  propertj  aadpiwvi&taw 
i  ssion  of  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Baylor,  ofthi 
■ 

•  i  Hampton,   \ 'a.,   u a>  burnt  by  order  0 

ii-  occupation   by  I  w  intei'  qo 

'  L<  -ilia,  Arizona,  announcing  the  tiring  and 

.    and  the    iinnu-- 

Of  Ari/oniaiis    w  ho  put  out  the 

to  be  of  the  \alu<- 

.     .  ■    .■•   amount   (>!' 

ad  iiiii  supplies  foe  sis  months* 

be  Potomac  t\ 

■ :..     U  -m-iu^-iidd.   Mo.     I  be  Baderal 

ind(  •  <  tens  I.yun  an  Mucked  the  Oonfede- 


rates,  12,000  men,  under  command  of  Gen  Ben  Me.Cullough,  after 
perate  fight  the  Federals  were  severely  defeated  and  put  to  rout.  <■■  . 
Lyon  was  killed.  The  battle  was  fouirht  under  great  disadvantage  to  tin- 
Confederates,  only  two-thirds  of  them  being  armed,  prineii)ally  with  shot 
guns  and  muskets.  Federal  loss  800  killed,  and  l,oo(t  wounded  an<l  1100 
taken  prisoners.  Confederate  loss,  tSA  killed,  son  wounded,  and  80 
missing. 

August  10.  Fight  at  Edina,  Mo.,  between  a  body  of  Southerners  and 
the  Home  Guards.  Tfce  latter  wen  c©mpAet«i|r  routed.  Logs,  5#  killed 
and  wounded,  on  each  side.  Tlie  newBpapef  otlice  of  the  Democratic 
Standard,  at  Concord,  X.  IT.,  demolished  by  a  mob,  tor  refecting  <m  the 
cowardice  of  the  returning  three  months'  volunteers. 

August  12.  Skirmish  at  Leesburg,  Ya.  A  large  force  ot  Federals 
crossed  the  Potomac  on  a  marauding  expedition.  The  Southerners  at- 
tacked the  expedition,  and  compelled  the  Federals  to  make  a  cowardly 
retreat. 

August  13.  The  Federal  government  deapairs  of  finding  able  General* 
and  officers  at  home,  to  engage  in  its  unholy  war  against  the .South  ; 
makes  overtures  be  all  the  broken  down  Generals  and  officers  of  European 
nations  to  come  and  assist  them. 

August  13.  About  16  miles  back  of  New  Madrid.  00  Mwsourians  routed 
200  Federals,  killing  and  capturing  many. 

August  15.  Skirmish  at  Matthias  Point.  A  boat  bad  of  Federals  from 
the  US  steamer  Resolute  lauded  and  were  fired  upon  by  the  Confederate 
troops.     Five  were  killed,  when  they  retreated. 

Three  newspapers  in  St.  Louis — the  Morning  Herald.  Evening  M 
rian,  and  War  Bulletin — were  Suppressed  by    order  of  Sen  Fremont,  for 
advocating  Southern  rights,  and  denouncing  Lincoln's  policy. 

The  houses  of  many  Southern  rights  mer.  in  St.  T.oui-  m 
Fremont's  myrmidon-. 

Many  persons  were  arrested  bj  order  of  Gen  Fremont,  in  St 
for  treason.  The  Federal  Marshall  had  warrants  for  the  arrest  of 
number  of  others,  who  sympathized  with  the  Southern  cau-e. 

Augnst  lf>.  The  Grand  Jury  Of  the  Federal  district  of  STew  York  pre- 
sented the  following  newspapi  -  sympathy  with  the 
Southern  cause:  Journal  of  Commerce,  New  York  News,  Day  Book. 
Freeman's  Journal,  and  Brooklyn  K. 

August  17.  Lincoln'*-   pr  i  forbidding  tr.  -ravel  with 

the  acceding  States. 

Angust'18.  The  Confederate  Privatw  Jcfl'Dnvis   v  ■  •.  ■ 
Augustine  bar  and  was  1 

August  20.  Fight  at   Hawk'-  \".~t.    We-tern  Virginia, 
Legion  and  the  11th   Ohio  Regiment.     The  enemy  fled.  aft( 
in  killed  and  wonnd<>d.     '  •  man  kill" 


A.  '  •■•n  Jeff  Thompson   occupies  Commerce,  Mo.,    nnd  ere 

•  .         -  .1  Hannibal  City  fired 

■  rs. 
•i  ifillftdolpMH.     T)i-  m.-wp.i]>t.r   •llife  of  .ho  Pennsylvania  Sentinel 

printing 

.<>b.     A  S  Kimbal,  editor  of  the   Essex   County 

•     •  ipposing  the  war  policy  of  the 

misrUle  Conner  m\  y  Federal   authority,  for  ad  - 

.  >htS    and  cause  Of  the  South. 

•     •    l  h  irleston,  with  a 

■\- 

A'  |  th,e  Reign  of  'l\vi-<;-  throughout  the 

M      and   women  arrested  nnd  imprisoned  for  Bynvpa- 

ithern  cause.    Newspapers  friendly  to  the  Smith  sup- 

( 'iii/ci:-  compelled  to  take 

■    .  ment. 

.    •.:■  Alexandria,  occupied  by  thd-Confederate  I 

e  movement  of  Beauregard'*  army  upon  the 
the  POtomao. 
tie   of   Or<  s«    Lanes,    Western  Va.     'I  In 

■  yd,  attacked  and  surrounded  a  large  bod/  of 
\t    w . •!  ,•  repulsed  and  defeated  afte  h't : 

-.11. 

•     ii.n-m  ol  the  North  pursued  its    tyrannical  course. 

nd   imprison  innocent  women,  who    sympathise  with  the 

Urg.  Greenhow,  widow    ol  n  former    Librarian  of  the 

-  imprisoned  on  some  suspicion  against  the  Goy- 

.  G  win's  trunks  and  private  property  arc  soarohed  by  the 

■        A  lady  from  the  South  is  arrested  in   Philadelphia, 

nan  suspicion.     The  United  States  .Government  has  given 

se\  oral  ladies  who  are  suspieioned  of  oppressing  sympathy 

-.     I  ight  at  Bailey's  Cross  Roods,  near  Alexandria.    The  Con- 
Lhe  enoiny  and  take  Munaon's  HilL     Five  Jfede. 

e   killed. 

"•    Battb    ol  I  on   Uatteras.     I  tw  Confederate  entrench 

.-land  attacked  by  the  Federal  fleet  under-Comuiodore 

.  and  (it'ii  Picayune  Butler.     After  a  bombardment  of  34  hours 

r  of  the  Confederates,   C-ominodore  Barron,  surrendered. 

I  •>,;,.;,  ,|  (UN  prisoners,  and  carried   them   off  to   Now  York. 

■<    npied  by  the  .Federal  troo|M». 

'•  n    rretnont,!  commander  of    ihe   Federal  forces"  in  St. 

irnous  proclamation,  ordering aHpersonafound  in  arms 


7a 

.••gainst  the  Federal  Government,  to  be  shot,  and  also  declaring  the  slaves 
irsbns  sympathizing  with  the  Southern  cause,  bo  he  manumitted. 
So]>(ciiilK>r  'J.  Skirmish  at  Hi;:  Creek,   "ii  the  Kanawha.     The   enelny 
driven  back. 

September.";.     (Governor    Magoffin    proclaim-  the  neutrality    of  Ken- 
lucky. 

Septewbi  v  ■'•.   §ngagemeui  at  Hickman,  Ivy.,  between  two  Federal  gun 
boats  and  one  Co  steamer.      After  firing  several  ineffectual  shots 

the  Federals  were  forced  to  retire. 

Advance  of  the  Federals  in"  Kentucky.      1'aducah  capture*,. 
September  7.   Fight  at  Fort  JJcott,  MO. ;     the   Confederate    force  under 
Gen  Price,  and  the  Federals  under   Lane    and    Montgomery.     A   severe 
battle  was  fought,    which    resulted    in  a  line  victory  for  the  Southerners. 
I  loss©*  not  known. 

l'he  occupation  of  Columbus,   Ky.,   by  the  Confederate 
.  under  liens  Polk  and  Pillow. 
September  10.  The  Oonfeden  take  possession  of    Munson's 

Hill,  Ya.  Skirmishes  joiwtanfly  occurring  iii  the  neighborhood  of  Arling- 
ton Heights,  between  Federals  and  Southerners. 

I  kittle  of  the  Cauley.  at  Carnifax  Ferry.  Western  \  a.  Gen  tioseacracz 
1  Gen  Floyd's  position  with  15,000  nien.  After  several  inell'cctual 
attempts  to  carry  it.  he  fell  back  baffled  and  disheartened.  At  least  loO 
of  the  enemy  were  killed  and  2e,o  wounded  in  these  vain  ciforN.  Floyd 
had  but  the  men  wounded,  as  his  force  wa^  well  protected.  At  night, 
fearing  that  .  Itosencranz  might cross  above  ;,u<l  attack  him  in  the  rear. 
Floyd  retreated. 

tember  11.  Pattle   of  Lcwinsville   on  the  Potomac.     Several 
Federal  troops  under  Col  Isaac  *J   Stevens,  of  the  New 
T'.Hh,  marched   from   Chain    bridge  on   a  i  econnoisance.     Tli. 

i  mfederates  under  Col  J  K  P»  Stuart,  and  after  a -harp 
fight,  lied  in  TJnll  Run  fashion.  Federal  loss,  ">  killed  and  '.i  wounded; 
Confederate  loss  none. 

September  11.    frattl  k.     on   the   Kanawha.      Wise's 

cavaln  I  in,    defeat    the   enemy,    wl  19  GO  killed 

Clark.MMi  took  50  prisoners  and  losl  not  a  man. 
The  Legislature  of  Kentuek j    ortlers   the   6onfe*d< 
the  State,     SeVeralheavy  skirmisher  occurred  near  Munson's  Hill.  Vac 
A  detachment  of  the  i-\    atta<  » 

i  |ace.  which  eotnp<    i 

i     12/   The    I  '  i   ll  :•   i|.i- 

ly  t  )  the  cause  of  the  South. 

September  10.  Col  John  A  V\  . 
Western  Va, 


74 

•  mber  17.  Maryland   I 

latnre  .ilc  inaeebiou  at  Frederick  <  ity.bj  order  of  Lincoln, 

the  Legislature  thereby   broken  up.  ami   the  prison^ 

l.a:':iv,  •.'- 

September  17    Battle  ui  Blue  stills,  Mo.     .\   part;  <>i    Unionists  ami 

.'ayliaw  kiT  I  and  routed  hi    the  Missonriana     F<  d.ral  loss 

MM  killed  and  woim-U •■!.     Confederate  1"--  .'.  killed  and  N  wounded. 

September  i  v  Bowling  (j  occupied  by  the  Southern  1 

uuder  Gen  Buckner. 

tcmber  19.    Batllc  of  liar!.*. in  -\  illc  in  Kentucky,  between  89l  Oas> 
ider  Gen  Zollicoficr,  and  1800  Federals.     The  enemy  routed. 
as  usual,  with  |  B  killed  and  '2  prisei 

■toi..  Mo.  The  Confederate 

d   I'r'ne.  attacked  the   c  it  ington,   whicli  was  in 

possession  of  the  Federals,  under  Col  Mulligan.     Tl  lasted  three 

:•■>■<]  to  surrender.  Federal  loss,  39  killed, 
120  wounded,  and  3500  taken  prisoners;  Confederate  loss,  25  killed.  7'3 
row  '. 

September  2 1.   Attack  « SOSOia,  Mo.  party  of  Federal  -h\y- 

bawkers  from  the  Kansas  borders  attacked  a  small  party  of  Southerners, 
.itheniers  made  a  brave  defence,  hut  were  finally  overpowered  and 
compelled  to  surrender.     The  town  was  Uieu  pillaged  and  burned  by  the 
enenv      \>>  Federals  were  killed  and  woumhd  during  the  lijrht. 

September  23.  Skirmish  near  Ft>rf  Craig,   Arizona.     A  severe  conflict 
took  place  liineiil  of  Southerners  and    a    body  of  I'nited 

pilars.    The  latter  w  ere  hadl\  defeated.     Loss  not  known. 

24  25.  11..-. •■  \  Bkinnishra         5      •  1  Mountain.  Western 
Yn..  Wiw  ran2  an  I  Wise.     Two  Confederates  killed. 

ember  25.  Fight  at  Chapiuaubville,  \  a.     A   part)  of  Confederate 
militia  wcti  and  put  to  rout.     Confederate  lpas  7   kille.l  and 

aslae!      Federal  loss  in  killed  and  wound* 
Battle  of  Alamosa,  Ariaona  Territory.  A  splendid  and  decisive  victory 
won.by  thi  Federal  loss,  80  killed,    17  oapanred.    Con- 

tost  only  2  killed. 
r  _'.'.  Cul  J  w  Hpauldiug,  ol  N  ise'u  Legion,  killed  while  on  a 
scouting  expedition  iu  Western  \'a. 
September  30.    EJopkinevfilc,  in  Kentucky,    t:kcn  by  Cen   Buckner, 
A. 

bar  1.  Capture  of  the  F<  Fanny,  in  Alhetnarlo  Sound, 

Nderat.   .-tcaimrs  Curlew    and    Raleigh.     Forty-five    Federate 

jtorea  raptured. 
.'.   President  Pavi-  \  Mi*   the   Confe.lerate    army  at  Mantissa-. 

lea  of  the  troop-. 


The  Confederate  Forces,  under  (Jen  Zollioofier,  lake  possession  of  Man- 
chest'ef1,  Ky. 
October  :;.  r.attle  near  Greenbrier  Rjver,  in  Western  Va.,  between 

1500  Confederates,  under  Gen  Henry  R  Jackson,  and  3000  Federals,  under 
Gen  Reynolds.     After   six  hours  battle,   the  enemy   withdrew,    leaving 
OB  still  master  of  the  grqtffid,     ^ftoksOfi*s  loss 50  in  killed,  wounded 
and  fnis'slng.     Enemy's  loss  at  least  350. 

October  I.  The  Potomac  River efiectualTy  blockaded  by  the  Conftde 
rates; 

October  •">.  Iietreaf  of  Roscucuanx  from  Scwcll  Mountain.  He  tied  with 
Ids  whole  army  to  the  other  side  of  the  Gauley,  20  miles  distant. 

October  d.  The  Ohickaniacomico  Races,  on  Roanoke  Island,  N  C  An 
entire  Indiana  regiment  chased  20  miles  by  ( ol 'Wright's  :;d  (.a.  regiment. 
Thirty-two  Federal  prisoners  and  valuable  munitions  of  war  captured. 
Col  Wright's  loss,  one  man,  who  ran  after  the  enemy  until  he  fell  cx- 
ha-isicd.     The  Xorthern  papers  claimed  a  magnificent  Federal  victory. 

October  8.  Expedition  to  Ohieamaeomieo  Creek,  coast  of  X  Carolina. 
Three   Confederate   steamers,    under  command   of    Commodore   Lynch, 
made  a  successful  attack  on  the  Federal  defences,  and  captured  on.    I  ,  >i 
oral  steamer,  and  book  a  large  quantity  of  arms  and  ammunition.      Fight 
ou  Santa  Rosa  Island,  (iulf  of  Mexico.   A  small  body  of  the  Confederates. 

i.nel  of  den   Anderson,  planned  and   executed  a  sue. 
attack  on  a  large  encampment  of  Federal  "roughs,"   under  the  notorious 
•Hilly  AYibon."     The  federals  were  completely  routed  and  cut  to  pieces. 

<»c;oher  12.  Expedition  to  the  Basses  of  the  Mississippi  river.  The 
celebrated  iron-clad  vessel,  "Manassa-."  accompanied  by  three  small 
Steamboats;  under  the  eoininand  of  (  oininodore  Ilollins,  accomplished 
.•:  splendid  victory,  by  attacking  the  Federal  blockading  fleet  at  the  head 
of  the  Passes.  The  "  Sfanassas"  ran  into  one  !..  i  r,  the  "Preble,1 

and  sunk  her :    flbo,   badly  disabled   another   SSTBJC   Bteamer,   the    "Rich- 
inbad,"  and  drove  tin  remainder  of  the  fleet  out  of  the  river. 

October   1.V    After   ocnttpying    Mason's   and   Mm,sf>n*s    Hill,    for 
week-,  iu  v(»Jn  expectation    of  getting   a    fight   from  MV<  'h'llan.  the  <  on 
federal  H   hack  up  ville. 

16.  Fi?ht  at  l'.oliv;ir.  near  Harper's  Ferry    <'ul  Ashby,  with  « 
small  body  of  Virginia  militia.  Uing  an  street  M  On 

I'ederab,  in  h  : 

October  17.  Gen  Thompson  attacks  and  captures  a  larg 
Ci'Hlsal  Big  T.iv,  .  Bridgl 

her  21.  Three  Companies  pi   an  Indian:    • 
;       ,  d    •  !e    •  :•'  •  ly  Journal  and 

.  Indiana.    Thi    I  threatened  to 

■ 


••or'Jl.  Fuj  ( 'on  federate   forces, 

i n*l  drove   them  from    their 
<  .11    killed  and  70  wotmded.     Fedcra 

_ 

ipso u   attacks  n  lar^e  force  of 
-  \)\  bank, 

i       enemy  with  twelve 

and 

.  i  I  niisting  of  three  regt- 

•i  Nathan  G  Kvan*,   of  South  Carolina.  The 

terribly  '  in  killed,  B90  in  wounded. 

726  iu  ]"■'■■  artiHery  and  ftJOO  stand  of  arm?-. 

•id  on  our  *ide  Ool  Hurt  WftS  mortally  wounded. 

•.•■•  -.      Many  of  B»€ 
. 

v  ..      \   forge  body  <>f  Federals 
i '     Federals  •• 
■ 
V«.     'i'lie  Federal  forces,  under 
ide-fcn-flttack  ••  defences  at  Romney.    The 

oral  times,  and  finally  returned  jrftfc  * 
Miperior  t«>r<c.     'I'lie  <  <>1  McDonald,  were  com* 

polled  to  withdraw  from  uc.es.      Losses  unknown. 

it,  having  advanced  from  St   Lonia,  ooenpiae 

of  Missouri,    which    met  at    Neosho 
o  23d  ii  this  day,  declaring  the 

I  independent  from  the  Union. 

i]  armada  nail»   For  the  Southern  coast, 
t  on  the  Centrevil  irg.     A   Mississippi  regiment. 

bod;    of   !'.  .IcraK      v    ii  I 

-\>h. 

..:-H!V   resign-,    and  i? 

Ian. 

Skirmish   near   S|  .  Mi  .      A    1  cde ral    force  of 

k'd  :i  1..  cavalry.     After  a   sharp 

,     I  completely  runted,  with  a. aavore  low, 

Atlantic  count.     Several  of  the  Lincoln  :uiiuul.i 

moved    from  hi* Command    in    Mi-.-.nri 
ii  Hunter. 

■!  the  hardest  fonghi  hafrr 

Fed  es,    under   Gen  I    Me<  'h-mand 

LBowlln,   attacked   the   tout'.'  nder   (lens  Pillow   and  Hoik. 


After  a  desperate  oontest.  the  Federals  were  defeated,  with  heavy  los 
Confederate  EbafiS,  109  kiHed,  4l9  wounded  and  1  IT  missufg.      Federal  loss 
47H  killed,  027  wounded  and  227  captured. 

November  7.  l:rl>aiina.  on  tlie  Fappah.'Minock,  shelled  liy  the  Federals. 
The  small  body  of  Confederate  made  a  brave  and  gallant  defence,  and 
were  foreed  to    evacuate  tlieir  Fort*  and  positions  1"  '  rWtudm 

ing  foree. 

November  7.  Naval  attaek  and  capture  of  Port  Royal;  8  C.    The 
Federal  ileet  under  Gen  Fmpont  attacked  and  captures  Forts  "Walker  and 
and  Beauregard,  S  C. 

Novembers.  Battle  at  Plketoh,  K'y.  UlC  Federal.-  under  Gen  Hull 
Nelson,  in  superior  tore,.',  attacked  the  ( 'onfederalcs  under  Col  Williams, 
who  fought  the  enemy  far  two  days,  repulsing  them  in  every  attack 
Confederate  loss  during  the  two  dftyS  fi&hl  was  11  killed,  20  wounded  and 
7  niissiiifr.     Federal  loss.  220  killed. 

Mason  and  Slidcll.  Co!' federate  Stated  Ministers,  arrested  on  the' high 
seas,  by  Lieutenant  Wilkes;  of  tin'  Federal  navy. 

November  s-(i.  Several  bridges  on  the  Tennessee  Rivd^Virgitifti  Rail 
road  burned  by  the  Bast  Tennessee  t>>ries. 

November  it.  Fight  at  Guyandotte,  Ya.  Resulted  in  a  complete  victory 
for  the  Southerners.  The  Federal  force.--  were  surrounded  and  rut  to 
pieces.  Several  Skirmishes  occurred  at  Bristol,  Term.,  between  the  Fnion 
men  and  the  Southerner-.  The  Fnion  nun  ..ere  completely  routed,  and 
great  numbers  captured. 

November  13.  The  Great  Northern   Expedition  ("The   Wildcat   Trig 
affe,",i  to  Cumberland  Gap,  meets  with  a  signal  failure.     The  expedition. 
after  accomplishing  nearly  one-half  of  their  journey,   took  fright,   when 
they  commenced  a  retreat  which  ended  in  a  disgraceful  stampede. 
November  14-.  Fight  at  McCoy's  Mill,  Western  Ya.,  between  thj 
erel  forces,  under  Gen  Beniram,  Mid  a  detached  for<  I  an  Jfloyd's 

Brigade.     The  Federal-  had  every    advantage,   in  number-,  artillery,  and 
position.     The  Confederate-  had    no   artillery.      After  a  gallant  tight  tie 
federates  wore  compelled  to  fall  -back.     The  mosj  Bcrj  I  i  the 

Confederates  wa-  in  ihe  (bath  of  Col  Croghan. 

November  15.  The  Lincoln  fopowers  and  Fnion  men  burned  and  de« 
troyed  several  large  railroad  bridge-  in   I 

:nl>er  16.  Capture  of  SO  Federals  near  Fnton  Hill,  (Potouia 
Major  Martin,  of  ;!;  t  d-  killed. 

Novenil    i  House.     A  heavy  si  irmisb 

took  place  at  Fairfax  '    "'i't  Hon 

a  detachment  of   ^  the  field, 

after  b>-ing  10   men    killed   and  eiphj 

Tenne— «•<•  river.  '    ' 

tery.     After  ■  bri-k  engagement,  the  1  lrow  :   quite  a  nun,' 


killed,  and  oik-  bunt  di.-abicd.      A:  i      . 

iruac  county,    Eastern   Va. 
The  C  ring   small,   aud   nearly  without  arms  aud  am- 

munition,  were  compelled  to  jive  way  to  an  overwhelming  ioroe. 

dee  from  the  Colon,  and  prepares  tose< 
-,.»ii  iniot:  Provisional  Constitutional! 

(.  W  J  i  rnor. 

r28.  Fight  at  !'■  Fla.     The  Federals  in  command  at 

K«»rt  Pk  kens  opened  th.-ir  ha;; cries  on  um  small  Confederate 

Gen    Bragg,  of  the  Confederate  forces,    promptly  replied  b\ 
opening  his  batteries.     A  general  engagofnent  commenced.     Iu< 
firing  wa->  kept  up  by  both  parties  for  nearly  two  days,  when  the  Fi 
batteries  suddenl.  iring.     Little  or  no  damag(    was  sustained  b) 

I"..-;-  or  batteries.     The   federal-  mn.-i   have  suffered 
very  seriously,  as  thej  have  not  -inc.  |  |i  to  renew  their  un.fni*lu-(l 

attack.     The  Coufederate  lose  was  id  lulled  ami  wounded. 
November  21.  Occupation  of  Tyhee  Island  by  the  FederaK 
Missouri  admitted  into  the  Gonfederaoy. 
dry   fight    near   \'ieiinn,     Virginia,    between   the    ein-ui\    ami   Col 
Hansom's  North    Carolina  Cavalry.     Many   of   the  enemy   killed  and  2ti 
captured.     One   Federal  regimen!   ran.  the  officers  leading.     kaiis..m'- 
tone, 

Crisis  at  hand'.  Reasons  now  exist  which  go  to  -how 
tlmt  the  la-1  remnants  ot'  the  old  Federal  Cnnm  are  preparing  their  final 
and  most  desperate  efforts,  to  crush  out  of  existence  otar  young  giant 
Confederacy.  The  Federal  grand  army,  under  NlFcCTellan,  is  preparing 
for  its  second  onward  inarch  toward  Manassas.  The  long  talked  ot'  es 
(Sedition  down  tlic  Mississippi  river  is  nearly  ready  to  staff.  Two  new- 
naval  expeditions  are  about  starting  for  the  Southern  coast!     Another 

attack  i-  looked  for  at  Coluinhiis.   Kv.       \   heavy  force  iq    expected  to  at 

tark  Bowling  flreco,  !<;■ ! 

D mli.  r  2.  Secretary  Caineron'srepofrt   has  been  issued^     Hjb  boasts 

of  the  immense  army  that  the  North  now  has  in  the  field  iov.  r  i;oihiho 
he  propnseH  to  employ  all  the  oqgroes  onptared  from  their  owners, 
and  sa;.  sthi'  tl  i  ihould  ne\er  be  retnrml  to  their  rebe.1  master-. 

The  IV  L  ral  invaders  on  the  Carolina  coast  commit  all  kinds  of  depreda 
tiohs — stealing    everything  within  their  reach.    The  Carolina  planters 
dr-trov  their  man-ions  and  burn  then-  cotton,    to  pivvetit  them  from  fall- 
ing into  the  baud-  qf  the    <liem\  . 

Skirmish  at  Anahdalc.  Potomac.     Co]  C  W   Fields,  nth    Ib'iiiinenL  Vir. 
^iniu  Cavalry,  kills  tour  ami  captures  fifteen  of  the  enomy.     Field-"  loss 

two. 

-l.innish    near  Cumberiand   river.    Kv.     Gen   Zollicoil'.-r 


79 

had  a  brisk  encounter  with  a  body  of   Federals,    who    retreated  badly 
whipped. 

December  18.  Battle  of  Alleghany  Mountains,  Vfc  The  Federals,  under 
Gen  Reynolds,  were  most  signally  defeated  after  a  hard  tight  by  the  Con- 
federates, under  Col  Edward  Johnson.  Confederate  loss,  20  killed,  9f> 
wounded  and  28  missing.  Federal  loss.  $5  killed  17s  wounded  and  7 
missing. 

December  14.  Great  eontlagration  in  Charleston. 

December  17.  Gen  T  J  Jackson  destroys  dam  No.  5  on  the  Chesapeake 
and  Ohio  canal,  thus  cutting  off  canal  communication  between  Washing* 
ton  and  the  West, 

December  17.  Battle  of  WoOdsonvirh?,  in  Ky.  A  large  body  of  the 
enemy  attack  Gen  llindnian,  who  had  1  lOo  infantry  and  4-0  pieces  of  ar- 
tillery, hut  wore  defeated  with  a  loss  of  75  killed  and  wounded.  The 
Confederates  lost  the  gallant  Col  Terry,  of  Texas. 

December  18.  News  received  from  Europe  report  that  all  the  leading 
European  powers  highly  censure  the  United  States  Government  for  un- 
justly arresting  Mason  and  Slidell.     The  English   Government   demands 
th^r  immediate  surrender,  and  that  they  be  delivered  on  board  a  British 
vessel. 

December  18-10-20.  The  iu -w -spaper  office  of  the  St  Croix  ITerald,  at 
Calais,  Me.,  was  destroyed  by  the  people,  for  opposing  the  War  policy  of 
the  North.  Gen  Pope  surprises  and  captures  960  Southerners,  under 
Col  Magoffin,  in  Missouri. 

The  Federal  blorkaliurr  Heet  at  Charleston  sink  15  hulks,  loaded  with 
stone,  in  the  harbor.  > 

Gen  Prioe  and  forces. retreat  from  Springfield,  Mo.,  to  the  Arkansas 
State  line,  and  is  pursue  1  hy  tlie  advancing  Federals.  Several  sharp 
skirmishes  occurs  during  the  retreat,  in  which  the  Federals  were  kept  at 
hay,  and  Price,  with  the  main  body  of  his  army,  mad.'  a  -afe  retreat. 
Confederate  loss,  S  killed.  18  wounded  and  200  captured  during  the  re 
treat.      Federal  loss,  15  killed  and  (10  wounded. 

December  30.  Battle  of  Drftnesvitle-'-a  fight  between  heavy  foraging 
parties,  the  Confederate,  under  Geo  Stuart,  the  enemy  under  Con  MeOall. 
Gen  Stuart,  though  vastly  outnumbered,  kept  np  the  fight  until  his  ws 
tram  was  saved,  and  then  retreated.  Soon  after  which,  the  enemy  fel\ 
back  also,  yielding  the  position.  Confederate  loss,  21  killed.  149  woun- 
ded and  8 missing.     Federal  loss,  68  killed,  11"  wounded. 

ember  91.  Alfred  Ely,  M.  <'..  New  York,  exchanged  for  <  J  Faulk 
ner,  of  Va. 

December  26.  Battle  of  Chuatenahlah  on  the  Arkansas  river,  Indian 
Territory.  The  Confederates,  under  command  of  Gen  Mclnto-h,  attacked 
a  large  body  of  hostile  Indians,  under  the  notorious  Tndian  Chief.  Opoth- 


i  killed.      I'll.' 

" 

English  \i  - 
'.t  in  Hampton  Uoods  of  the  Oonfi 

I    .:iht    KTf 

rwood  in  t<>-.\ .  and  after  a  fievee  ll^rli i .  in  which  t!>. 

In  in  drivmjrV..'  tin- 
kin*/ her  into  NorMfc  in  tri.p.i;»li. 
:•  (iivi-n  river,  in  K< ■■ 
■  .-mil  the  enemy,   wlm  were  rented  after  :i 

Rghl  './died    ]    wmiinl.'  I.      1'-  •'..  • 

■  i.  1  •■>  pri>oi 

1882. 

Tii"   F(  derate,  in  com- 

,.,,,.]::•  I",.;:    I'irki'ii^.   opened   fin-  on  a  Confederate  vessel  in  the i  hay. 

■:  command  of  the  Confederates,  promptly  opened 

i   Pickens.    Tin-  tii  III  arly  liah'  ;i  d^      No 

rted  by  tha  C<  ofedei 
.,[■   Pori    Royal  rivor  Smith  Caroliua.     The    Federals  ad-* 
I  ftttle  i"  i1  '  rates,  after  a 

},r-,j  baek  defeated      Federal  loss  lTWlled  J' 

-  killed  If)  tfbuflded. 
I      Judge  Hemphill,  ol  lichmond,  Vii 

Skirmish  at  ti/mgiog  Rock,  hoar  Llomne-y,  \'a.     Con- 
.  kill.  .1  aud  7  captarcoL 
,,.-■   •;    French  man-of-war  opj  Island  under  a  ncu 

,,-;,i  fl  business  With  the    French  Consul  at  New 

l.;,  lite  Fi  i  Efrade. 

January  K,    Skirmish  on  Silver  Oretflf,  Mo.     Confedi  rati  •  dof 
January  9.    Col.   Lubbock,  of  the  Texas  Hangers,  died.       BofBsidc 
Icfl  Ann;-; 
.,,.   1"      ItntUe  of  Middle  C  ■  :•  I'n -tunburj:,  Ky.     The 

Goo,   Humphrey  .Marahall  was  attacked  b} 
.,,1,  i;i!-  crals  severely  defeated.     Gen.  Marshall  in  hi; 

•  M-,  loc    in  the* action   of  the    l<»tli  inst.,  is  accurately  stated  at    10 

killed  and  14  wounded,     ]  if  the  enemy   was  severe,  estimated 

inmand,   who  had  an  opportunity  to  BCtfltem 

.in  killed  and  more  than  that  wounded.    The  enemy  had 

men    on  the  held,  and  at  leasl  500  ca\aln  (for 

I.)      I  had  some    1,600    men  lit  fur  duty    and 

.  thi   '■■    ■      '!■     eugaged   probably    2,oOO    or    3,u00  of  his 

men  .    I  about  9fl '  l  ,0C0  of  mine.  ' . .  .  .  Senators  Johnson  and  Polk, 

i  from  I'    S   Renatc    charged  with    treason  t<>the<inv- 
•rnmetrt. 


1 


81 

January  12-13.  Burnsidc  expedition  left  Old  Point,  and  caught 
in  a  succession  of  damaging  storms  before  reaching  Hatteras. 

January  14.     Secretary  Cameron,  of  the  Lincoln    Cabinet,! 
and   is  succeeded  by  Stanton,   of  Pa.,   as  Secretary  of  War. 

January  15.  The  Federal  gun  boats  made  an  attack  on  Fori  Henry, 
Tennessee   river,  and  retired  without  doing  any  damage  to  the  Fort. 

Jannary  1<3.  "Battle  near  Ironton,  Mo.  Confederate  troops  Under 
Jeff.  Thompson,  drove  the  enemy  towards  Pilot  Knob. 

January  17.     Ex-President  Tyler,  died  in  Richmond,  Va. 

January  19.  Battle  at  Fishing  Creek,  or  Mill  Springs,  Kv.  The 
Confederate  forces,  under  command  of  Gen.  Crittenden  and  Zollictfferj 
advances  from  their  entrenchments  and  attack  the  Federals  under 
Gens.  Thomas  and  Sehoepf.  The  Confederates  were  repulsed  and 
Gen.  Zollicoffcr  killed.     His  death  is  thus  described ; 

Soon  after  the  fight  began,  not  far  from  the  entrenchments  of  the 
enemy  on  Sunday  morning,  (Jen.  Zollicoffcr  mistook  a  regiment  of 
Kentuckians  for  one  of  his  own  command.  He  rode  up  veryVioar  the 
Colonel.  The  first  intimation  lie  had  of  his  position  was  received  when 
it  was  too  late.  "There's  old  Zollicoffcr, ,:  cried  out  several  of  the 
regiment  in  front  of  him.  ''Kill  him  !"  and  in  an  instant  their  pieces 
were  leveled  at  his  person.  At  that  moment  Henry  31.  Foger,  aid  to 
Gtesn.  Zollicoffcr,  drew  his  revolver  and  fired,    killing   ti:  who 

first  recognized  Gen.  Z.  With  the  most  perfect  coolness,  (Jon.  '/,.  ap- 
proached to  the  head  of  the  enemy,  and  drawing  his  sabre  out  the  head 
of  the  Lincoln  Colonel  from  his  shoulders.  As  soon  as  done,  twenty 
bullets  pierced  the  body  of  our  gallant  leader,  and  Gen.  Zolliroffor  fefl 
from  his  horse  a  mangled  corps. 

The.  Qon/federate  force  engaged  was  only  4,700  while  the  Federals 
numbered  14,000,     Confederate  loss  was  114  killed,  10*2  wounded  and 

taken  prisoners.     Federal  loss,    92   killed,  194  wounded 

Jauuary  22.     A   brisk  skirmish  took  place  near  Boston.  Ky.     Tin 
Federals  were  badly  whipped  and  lost  Skilled  and  5  wounded       I 
federate  loss,  'I  wounded. 

January  27.  Reported  fight   at  James  Island,  Fla.     Sixty  Federals 
reported  killed,  35  captured.    Confederate  loss,  13  killed  and  wounded 
lary  29.     Reported  skirmish  near  Occoquan,  Va.     Nine  Texrui- 
killed  and  1  wotfnded Naval   engagement  near   Fort  Pull      :    i 

No    live-     I 

January  •'!".     The  state  of  affairs  in  the  North  is  thus  dc 
The  most  ca^lid  of  the    Northern  people  a 

lly  with  reference  to  two  topics — the  int<  -!n\e 

population  and  the  treinendoua  amount  of  i  h  lias  of- 

•    exertions  of  the  North. 
•uti  in    of  tho     war  were  every  day    I  - 

• ;  lint.      I;  was  comm  I  1 1 n- 

n  1'  •  in  power  again  in  ti;.'    Nortl 
its  programme  would  b<   to  up  cl  the  whol< 

:  ribl<   ron  nsible  fin 

•  ♦*      W  w 


82 

eonwHiucnccs  of  the  war.      We   arc  told  that   public  expressions  were 

than  once  heard  that  "Cameron  ami  Welles  Bhoold  be  bung,"  and 

that  the  work  of  retribution   should   go  on  until    "  every  man  who  had 

rnment  had  been  treated  to  a  halter."      Ke- 

t  once  pitiful  and  ridiculous,  were  lavished  on  the  destruction  of 

"the  Union. " 

Ti,.  n  of  Cameron,  Lincoln's  Secretary  o^rVar,  was  treated 

with  congratulations  by  tl  a  people  i»f  the  North  ;  and  it  wa- 

Welles'    resignation  would  soon  follow.     The  "emancipation- 

1,  and  were  showing  the    most  infamous 

•ration  of  feeling.     The  pages.of  Harper's  Weekly  were  adorned 

irrtloufl  cuts  apd  illustration  I  an  exaggerated  policy  of 

tur<  -  of  Southern  lajdies  "of  the  tir.-t  families"  delving 

-h  tubf  under  Massachusetts  task  mas  i 

ng  of  despair  at  the  financial  aspects  of  the 
authority,  that   no  more  specie  would  be  paid 
al  Treasury  exoept  for  interests  on  the  old  public  debt. 
The  financial  programme  at  Washington  was  understood  to  be  an  addi- 
tional issue   of  demand  notes  to  the  amount  of  a  hundred  and    fifty  to 
two  hundred  miilioufi  of  dollars,  and  a  war  tax  to  the  amount  of  a  hun- 
dn  d  ond fifty  millions;  although  it  was  estimated  in  well-informed  quar- 
.:...   !■■;  the    war  would  run    up  to    $1.(100,- 

m  I  ■  :,  \i.ar.      All  private  loans  had  ceased,   and  the  full    coining  of 

crisiswas  awaited  in  a  sort  uf    dreary   despair.     The    newspapers  w<  re 
-  :  to  animate  confidence,  but  the  iuflucncc  of  the  press  in  the 

\  ■  lursc  of  deception  in  the  war — had  positively 

, 
I.  Skirmish  at    Bloomer)',    Western   Va.     A  large  party 
.  rah  surprised  and  !•">  Confederates     The  Federals  lost 

\i  .     in  •  I.     The  Federals  elated  with  their  success,  com- 
mitted gn  inhabitants   of  the  neighborhood. 

I  ,  At'aek  and  capture  of  Fort  Henry, Tennessee  river. 

I       |   iri  waff  attacki  i  bj  Federal  gun  boat.-,  and  a  force  of  L0  000  men 

Gen   trrant.  Gen.  Tilghmau  n:ade  a  bravo  defence,  but  was  forced 

to  Burreudci  n  overwhelming   force;  two  gun  boats  were  badly 

damag  ';i'    '">v   was    10  killed,    LS    wounded,  and  Gen. 

|  with  57  men  wero  taken  prisoners.  Gen.  Beimau  with  3,006 

won  Kucceedcd  in  making  a  safe  retreal  to  Fort  Donelsou.      Federal  loss 

I 1,  led  tn  death  on    one  gun  boat)    and    60    wounded.... 

\.  w   Mexico,  •  vacuatcd  by  the  Federals  who  retreated  to  Fort 

Union SUt)  Fi  dcral  war  vessels  appeared  at  Roan^e  Island,  North 

ina. 
February  7   s.  The  Federal  gun  boats  ascend  the  Tennessee  river  to 
Flmei  uncut  among  the  people  living  along 

their.-  '  onfedurate  Steamboats  were  burned  and  destroyed 

to  prevent  their  falling  into   the  hands   of  the  enemy.     The   Federals 
quantity  ot  Confederate  stores  at  Florence;  after  committing 
nu.ny  depredations,  the  Federals  returned  with  their  boats  to  Paducah. 


at-*-  * 


n 

Battle  of  Roanoke  Island,  North  Carolina.     Tho  Federals  landod 

10,000  men  and  attacks  tho  Confederate  batteries  and  captured  «he 
Island.  Capt.  0.  J.  Wise  was  killed  and  2,437  Confederates  taken 
prisoners.  Our  entire  loss  is  but  23  killed,  and  some  58  wounded, 
while  that  confessed  to  by  the  foe,  and  reported  to  us  by  one  of  (he 
party,  who  accompanied  Capt.  Wise's  body  home,  was  35  commissioned 
officers,  including  two  colonels,  and  175  privates  killed,  and  between 
300  and  400  wounded.  This  fact  attests  more  strongly  than  language 
could  do,  the  heroism  of  the  defense.  Let  the  battle  of  Roanoke  Island 
be  classed  no  longer  among  the  disasters  of  the  war  ;  rather  let  us  cfa  rish 
the  memory  of  the  deeds  that  there  ennobled  our  arms,  and  abed  fresh 
lustre  upon  the  brilliant  historic  fame  of  the  Southern  volunteers.  The 
enemy  admit  300  killed  and  wounded,  while  our  estimate  of  their  lossia 
from  400  to  600. 

February  7.  Rev.  R  J  Stewart,  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Alexandria, 
Va.,  was  arrested  by  Federal  soldiers  whilo  holding  services  in  his 
church,  charged  with  being  a  secessionist,  and  for  omitting  to  mention 
the  name  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  in  his  prayer.  He 
refused  {o  leave  the  church  and  was  dragged  by  force  from  the  pulpit. 
February  10.  Newspaper  office  of  the  "  Local  New*"  was  destroyed 
by  Federal  soldiers  in  Alexandria,  Va.  Large  numbers  of  the  citizens 
of  Alexandria  are  arrested  on  chargo  of  conspiracy  against  the  Federal 

government Battle  at  Cobb's  Point,    near   Elizabeth  City,    North 

Carolina.  Tho  Federals  from  Roauokc  Island  attack  the  Confederate 
steamers  at  batteries.  Commodore  Lynch  made  a  brave  defence,  but 
was  forced  to  retreat.  Tho  Federals  captured  7  Confederate  steamers 
and  some  army  stores,  guns,  &c.  Confederate  loss  6  killed,  :;  wounded. 
Federal  loss  11  killed,  4  wounded. 

February  11,  Elizabeth  City,   North  Carolina,  partly  burned  by  its 
inhabitants  to  prevent  its  falling  into  the  enemy's  hands. 

February  12.  Edenton  and  Hartford,  North  Carolina,  Occupied  by  the 
Federals. 

February  12.  Battle  of  the  trenches.  )  Battle  of  Fort  Dot, 
February  13.  Battle  with  gun  boats.  >  Cumberland  river,  T 
February  15.  Battlo  at  Dover.  )      sec 

The  fighting  at   Fort  Douelson  was  the  most  bloody    and  <!•  operate 
ever   witnessed  on  tho  American   continent,   excepting,   peril;  ■  i,  the 
earlier  conquest  of  Mexico  by  tho    Spaniards.      The   fighting   com 
menced  on  Wednesday,  12th,    the   enemy  was  driven  back  with  hearj 
loss;    the  battle  of  tho  13th  was   fought  mainly  with  the  1  g»m 

boats.  Seven  boats  attacked  the  Fort.    The  gun  boats  were  entirely 
featedby  the  heavy  guus  at  the  Fort.  Some  of  the  balls  passed  Jkruugh 
a  thickness  of  25  inches  of  tho  iron  and  wood  casing  of  the  boats  ;  42 
Federals  were  killed  and  wounded   on  the  boats.     The  main   I     it  wa- 
on  Saturday,  when  our  forces  marched   oat  "f  our   <  Dtrt  n  and 

attacked  the  enemy,  killing  not  less  than  1 000,  capturing  7  pie* 
artillery,  250  prisoners  and  a  largo  lot  of  small  arms,  blankets 
knapsack*.     The  enemy  had,  with  •  large  foree.  aurrouaded    nt.    pr# 


:  _•  off  our  communication  with  Clarksvillo  aud  Nash- 
ville.    This  was   the  cause  of  our  going  Out   and    attacking  them  on 
lay.    The  result  of  the  fight  on  Saturday  made  us  (feel  triumphant, 
Aboul   sun  down  <>n  Saturday  k,  wounded  and  pris- 

a  the  two  small  boata  wjo  had  at  Donelson.  Early  in  the  night, 
our  scut-  brought  tip  the  information  that  fourteen  steamboat*  were 
lauding  fresh  tn  mile  and  a  half  below  us.  Three  hours  after  oh  r 

cavalry  informed  us  that  the  enemy,  in  large  force,  had  again  surround  - 
ipying  the  position   from  which  we  had  driven  them    in  the 
morning. 

'I'll-  of  exhaustion  of  out  army,  and  its  manifest  ina- 

bility to   make   or   sustain  another  attack,  determined  the  surrender. 

the  weather  severely  cold,  and  our  men 

working  aud   fighting  for  BeveraJ  days   and  nights,  with  no 

when  tlu  v  found  in  'Is-'  trenchments.     They  had 

hurriedly  carried1  there,  without   their  tents  or  camp  cquippagc. 

!     yd   gave   up  their  command  to  General  Buck- 

ncr,  and  ignominously  left  the    Port.     The  noble   General    Buckner 

to  d(  ■  it  his  men  and  was  captured  prisoner.     As  an  evidence 

of  the  desperate  character  of  the  contest,  the  following  paragraph   i 

copied  from   a   Federal  o ant  of  the  battle'. 

"  The  hen  tc> any  one  of  the  Federal  regiments  at  Fort  Den- 

Ith   Illinois,   which  went  into  the  fight  with  590  men 
and  officers,  :.ud  amie  dul  with  lTn.     Two  companies  ul  this  regiment. 
•,  K.  Cap!    '  of  LaSallc  wont  into  aotiou  with  62  men,  and 

enme  uul  with  mi  li  Cupt.  Contos,  of  Peru,  went  in    with 

..1   in  il  with   1".     This    will   give  un   idea  of  the  hard 

fighting  and  terrible  low  sustained." 

The  Federal  loss  is  estimated  at   1,200  killed,  2,000  wounded   and 
prurcd  prisoners.     Confederate  loss  231    killed,   1,007  wounded, 
and  '\"7'.'  taken  ,pi  i 

lc  amouut  of  tl.  lerate    fores   on  first  day  of  battle 

i      -  _'.»  men.   The  federal  furee  on  the  las!  day  amounted  to 
000  men. 

\  11    Skirmish  near  New  Coaoord,  Ky,     Five  Federals  kill- 
:|    \.ounded. 

IJ<         r  Green,  Ky:,  evacuated  by  Gen.  »lohn*nn  and 

I  c  bruary  hi.  Tcnn<  s*  •■  Uolling  Mills  burned  by   the    federals 

Moorlield,  Va.     Col.   Ashby  made  ;i  successful  attack  on 
i  iN.  killing  many    and   driving   them  from   their 
;  ion. 

aary  17.  Skirmish  near  Galveston,  Texas.  A  large  force  of  Fed- 
eral*,   in    attempting  to   make  a  landing  near  Galveston   Bay,  were  sur- 
1  (crates  and  driven  back  ;  several  Federals  wounded. 

Gen.  Johnson  notifies  Gov.  Harris  that  he   cannot  hold  the   city    ol 
Na-hville  agaiust  the  Federals      Gov.  Harris  causes  the  State  Archive- 


r 


to  bo  removed  to  Memphis.     The  Governor  and  members  of  the  Legis- 
lature leave  Nashville  for  Memphis. 

February  17-18-19.  Great  panic  in  Nashville,  Tcnn.,  caused  by  the 
fall  of  Fort  Donclson  and  the  threatened  occupation  of  the  city  by  the 
Federals.  Great  amount  of  army  stores  and  provisions  ($500,000 
worth)  destroyed,  to  prevent  its  falling  into  the  enemy's  hands.  All 
the  bridges  and  fortifications  destroyed.  Great  numbers  of  people  leave 
the  city. 

February  20.  Winton,  N.  C,  captured  by  the  Federals.  Confederate, 
loss,  7  killed  and  5  wounded. 

February  22.  Jefferson  Davis  inaugurated  President  of  the  Confede- 
rate States  for  the  first  regular  term  of  six  years. 

February  24.  Mayor  Cheatham  formally  surrenders  the  city  of  Nash- 
ville to  the  Federals. 

February  2.">.  Skirmish  near  Occuquan,  Ya.  Several  Yankees  report- 
ed killed. 

February  26.  The  Federal  forces,  40,000  strong,  under  Gen  Bucll, 
occupy  Nashville,  Tenn. 

February  22.  Gen.  Johnson  falls  back  to  Stephenson  and  Deeator, 
on  the  line  of  the  Memphis  and  Charleston  Railroad. 

March  1-2—3.  Skirmish  on  the  Tennessee  River,  near  Savannah, 
between  a  party  of  Louisianians  and  Federal  gun  boats.  The  {federals 
defeated.  22  killed,  45  wounded.  Confederate  loss,  7  killed.  14  wounded. 

Invasion  of  the  Virginia  Valley.  Martinsburg  and  Charleston  occu- 
pied by  the  Federals,  under  Gen.  Banks. 

Skirmishing  near  New  Madrid,  Mo.,  between  the  advancing  Fede- 
rals and  Jeff.  Thompson's  forces ;  20  Federals  reported  killed  and 
l'l  captured. 

Columbus,  Ky.,  evacuated  by  the  Confederate  forces.  Ml  the  Con- 
federate property  removed  to  New  Madrid  and  Island  No.  10. 

City  of  Pensacola aod  the  Confederate  Forts  partly  evacuated  by  th< 
Confederates. 

Gen.  Bragg  leaves  Mobile  for  Memphis,  Tenn.  Fort  Pickens  partly 
evacuated  by  the  Federals. 

Brunswick.  Geo.,  and  Fernandina  captured   by  the  Federals.     Com- 
modore Dupont  takes  possession  of  all  Confederate  property.     N< 
ance  offered  by  the  Confederates. 

Columbus,  Ky.,  occupied  by  the  Federals,  under  General  Cullnm. 

Martial  law  declared  in  Richmond.  Ya       John    M.  1> 
prominent    Union   men  arrested  in  Richmond  for  aiding  th 

Manh  5.  Martial  law  declared  in  Memphis,  Tcnn. 

General  Beauregard  takes  command  of  the  army  of  th  Mi-  i-  \yy\ 
Headquarters  at  Jackson,  Tenn. 

March  5-6.  Skirmish    near  New  Creek,  Western    Virgil 

A.shby  made    a  il    attack    em  a  large  fori f  i 

them  and  capturing  4<>  prisoners.     Confederate  loss,  •'>  kill* 

.March  21.  Battle  of  Yalvcrde,    Arizona  Territory.     The  bat) 
fiercely  contested,  and  undoubtedly  thf  severest  of  the  present  war — as 


n 

•  «■■   *  •      ..5  »uj  uq   record  K»r  the  amount  ol  men  engaged.    The  Con - 

rees  were  mostly  native  Tnans,  who  fought  with  all  their  well 

in  i  bravery,  capturing  the  enemies  batteries  of  7  guns, 

net  aod  knife  winning  a  glorious  victor}-  over 

*Li«  i  Maj  Lockridge,  of  the  Confederates,  was  killed  while  lead* 

federate  lots,  86  killed  and  156  wounded.     Federal 

-  '  0  wounded   nnd  600  captured  prisoners.     The  Con- 
amoanted  toonlj  2,300  ;  the  Federals  were  0,000  strong. 

k  ide.   Over  120  vessels  have  run  the  blockade  from 

4  March,  1801,  to   the   present  time.     During   the 

.   vessels   have  been  captured  by  the  Federals  in   attempting 

i"  run   tin-  blockade.     It    is  estimated   that    7<>    vessels    have   entered 

dining  the  same  time. 

The-   +   i    1  1.7  and  cost  of  the  war  to  the  Northern  government: 

•     statement  of  the  chairman  of  the  committee  of  Ways 

I    deral  House  of  Representatives,  it   was  shown  that 

tired,  in  order  to  pay  the  outstanding  debts  of  the  trca- 

4ur-  there  ere    no  funds  on  hand,    and  to  carry  on  the  war 

ion  of  Congress,  upwards  of  seven  hundred    millions 

o"  dollar?.     The  aggregate  debt,  on  the  1st  day  of  December  nest,  will 

be,   by  th<    same  statement,  $925,000,000.    Rut  Congress   must   also 

nainder  of  that  current  fiscal  year,  which  will  tormi- 

80th  of  .Tune,  1802.    Including   these  sums,  the  official 

is,  that  the  public  debt  will  amount  on  the  1st  of  July, 

ixteen  months  hence— to  $1,350,000,000. 

does  not  take  into  account  the  effects  of  a  depreciated 

n  the  cost  to  Government  of  its  loans  in  bonds  and  treasury 

no*'  -      Many  additional  millions  must  therefore  be  added  to  the  ag^re- 

nt  correctly  the  debt  which  will  have  to  be  redeemed,  at 

unl   <s  bankruptcy  and  repudiation  come   in  lirst,  with  only 

I  iwance  for  that  excess   of  expenditure   over   estimates. 

which  h  universal  at  Washington  ;  the  Federal  debt  will,  bj  the  middle 

;,  reachfully  up  to  fifteen  hundred  millions  of  dollars." 

McClellan  commences  moving  his  troops  from  Washington 

i         •.   -iia.   \  a. 

-  Battle  of  Klkhorn,  or  Pea  Ridge,  Ark.  A  great 
and  battle  was  (ought  between  the  Federals,  under  General? 
Curtis  and  Scige!,  with  a  force  of  20,000  men,  and  the  Confederates, 
uuii  <  oerals  Price,  McCulloch  and  VnnDorn,  with  14,000  men. 
After  1 1 1 r ■      days  hard   fighting  the  Confederates  withdrew  on  account 

McCulloch.     Confederate  loss,  109  killed,  431  wounded 

taken  prisoners.     Federal  loss,    390  killed,  90U  wounded  and 

ired    prisoner?      (From   Gen.    Van  Dora's  official    report.] 

i   Cullooh    and    Mcintosh,    of  the  Confederates  were  killed. 

I  of  the    Federals,  badly  wounded.     Thirty  Federals  were 

•  •  .  the  Confederate  Indians  in  the  battle. 

•  -bnrjr  evacuated  by  the  Confederates  ;     large  amounts 


r 

87 

of  Confederate  and  private  property  destroyed  to  prevent  its  falling  into 
the  enemy '8  hand. 

March  8-9.  Naval  battle  in  Hampton  Roads,  near  Norfolk,  Va.  The 
new  Confederate  steamer  Virginia,  (late  Merriinac)  otherwise  known 
as  tho  "Norfolk  Turtle,"  "Colossus  of  the  Roads,"  attacks  five  <rf  the 
largest  Federal  blockading  ships  The  Virginia  was  assisted  in  the  attack 
by  the  Confederate  gun  boats,  "Patrick  Henry,"  **Jtfmestown,"  "York- 
town"  and  "Teaser."  The  Virginia  won  a  most  glorious  victory,  hav- 
ingdestroyed  the  following  war  vessels  :  Congress,  burnt,  430  men.  50 
guns;  Cumberland,  sunk,  360  men,  22  guns  :  Minnessota,  riddled,  550 
men.  40  guns;  St.  Lawrence,  peppered,  480  men,  50  guns;  gun  loafs 
two  or  three  disabled,  120  men,  6  guns  ;  Forts  silenced,  200  men.  20 
guns;  Ericsson,  150  men,  3  guns.  Total — men,  2890 — guns,  280. 
The  Virginia  also  engaged  the  Federal  iron  clad  vessel  "Monitor.'' 
The  encounter  was  a  drawn  battle,  both  vessels  retiring  at  the  Bame 
time.  The  Monitor  was  considerably  damaged.  The  Virginia  stiffen  d 
only  a  trifling  loss  on  the  breaking  of  her  iron  prow.  Federal  loss 
estimated  at  700  killed,  wounded  and  drowned.  Confederate  loss,  9 
killed,  18  wounded. 

The  self  abnegating  heroism  of  Capt.  Buchanan,  commander  of  the 
Virginia  in  the  recent  memorable  conflict,  will  be  generally  appreciated 
when  it  is  known  that  his  younger  and  favorite  brother  was  the  purser  of 
the  frigate  Congress,  at  which  the  fire  of  the  Virginia  was  most  per- 
tinaciously directed,  and  is  supposed  to  have  perished  on  b<  ard  of  her. 

March  1.  Skirmishing  near  Charleston,  Xa.,  the  federal  routed  and 
several  killed,  aud  17  taken  prisoners. 

March  7  -8-9.  The  Confederate  forces  evacuates  Ceutrevilfc.  Man- 
assaa  and  Oecuquan.  and  falls  back  to  a  new  line  of  defence  on  the  Rap- 
pahamiock  River,  Va.  In  retiring  from  Manassas,  everything  thai 
could  give  aid  and  comfort  to  the  enemy  was  destroyed  ;  guns,  ammu- 
nition and  stores  were  brought  off  in  good  order;  and  the  railroad  track; 
both  that  leading  to  Manassas  Gap  and  that  to  Orange,  torn  up.  The 
continuation  of  the  former  to  Mount  Jackson,  in  the  direction  of  Stan" 
ton,  will  also  be  torn  up  as  fas',  as  i&cneral  Jackson,  of  the  Army  ol  the 
Shenandoah,  retires  to  the  mountains.  The  New  York  Post  says  the 
retreat  from  Manassas  was  the  most  masterly  effort  in  ancient  or  modern 
warfare.  That  it  changes  the  character  of  the  war,  and  protracts  the 
contest  for  a  long  time. 

March  8.  Traffic  in  gold  and  silver.     Gold    and    silver    ww    sold  by 

speculators   as  high  as   80  per  cent,  premium  in  New  Orleans,  and  in 

Memphis,    Tennessee,    gold    was  reported  to  have  been  sold  at  1  In  p<  r 

cent,  prt-mium.      Healing  in  gold  and  silver  was  suppressed  by  authority 

I  Orleans. 

March  v-9.  Capturing  and  harrassing  the   enemy*ri 
Tenn.     The  gallant  "  partisan  lender."  Captain  Morgan,  is  n 
self  famous  in  exploit-  :   he'is  giving  the  enemy   great  trouble.       1' 
;i  late  skirmish,  there  were  sixtv  Federals  <  iptun  d,  also  alargi 
of  property  belonging  to  the  enemy. 


Skirmish  near  Nashville,  Tenn.     Captain  S(  au  at- 

ootnpktoly  routing  them ;    killing  thin y  ami  <  ap< 
in<  <  t'    guns,   nrumuniti<  n.  &< .     Coi 

i<  r.il  ;:ii!iv  ocoupie      i  ■  V"a.     Ou  Tuesday* 

"/  shout  to  be  attacked  by  18,000  of  the  enemy.  <• 
.1  '.  with  hi<  -mall  force  of  only  5000  fell  back  from  Wind 

'i'  about  four  miles  from  thai  town:     On  Wvdncs- 

■  •  f  the  enemy  tonic  possession  of  Winchester.    On 

>n  of  Wednesday,    Gen.    Shields'  oolumn   advanced  toward 

met  and  driven  into  AN'iiicln  -1.  Ashby's 

evacuating  Winchester,  Genera)  Jac 

etc.,  m>  thai  vih  of 

fell  into  th"   bands  of  the  enemy.         Skirmish 
i "  ■  ■  1 1 1 1 .     The    Federals   w<  i  ly  repuls 

Confederate  loss,  2  killed  and  1  wound 
:d  :;.  •  of  bh<  0 
'  lonfedente  Government,  d 
the  Federal   Government  to   redoubl  in  the 

mquering  the  South.     The  consaquoni  •  to  the  G  infederacj 
of  seven]  important  battles, 
ii"i>-,  not .-;  few  i  f  which  has  been  owing  to  ba  Iship  on  i 

manders.     The  timid  and  d  irtion  oi  tha 

in  such  reverses  the  doom  of  the  South;     Hut  all 

I  confidant  thai  the  ■  come,  and  are  certain 

in    the  future.     A  new  spirit  of  energy   has  been 

••  rnment,  and  the  army,  ail  true  patriots, nrc  resolved 

for  (he   cause   of  freed. mi   and  their   rights Fack- 

upiod  by  the   Federals,  who  erect  Wteries.     The 
part  of  the  city  before  surrendering  to  the  F< 
.  ni-.  Tenn.    "The  Confederates  withdraw  tbejr  ; 
Skirmishing  at  Eastnort,  Tenn.  The  Confed  irate  bat- 
th<   federal  gunboat    ■    no  damage  done. .. .  ' 
Irid,  Mo.     The  Federals  advanced  and  attsw  Confed. 

Madrid,  a  brisk  fight  took  place,  during  which  the  lYde- 
i  and  driven  back;  during  the  following  night  thcCon- 
i  Idenly  evacuated  the  place,  as  it  v.  ted  thai  tl 

iraing   with  large  reinforcements  I  the  attaek. 

li  '  behind  a  large  number  of  cannon,  I  army 

daring  the  fight  L6  killed,  0  wounded.   Federal 
illcd,  -17  wounded. 

.    '  Urn.  W.  L  Yam  arrives  ill  -Now 

1  Europe,  h<'  makes  a  speech  to  the  citizens  of  New  Orleans, 

ha    aid  that   "He  came  book  convinced  that  we  1 

I  '•.  that  we  must  fight  the  battle  alone,  ami  n  ly  only  on 

rui  ■  .  derals  landed  a  force  of  2,500 

and  capture  the  Confederate  batteries  at  Newborn,  $F.  C. 

wno  numbered  only  700,  fought  bravely  before  sur- 


80 

rendering.  After  capturing  the  batteries  the  Federals  advanced  to  the 
■  lf.y  of  Newborn  and  shelled  the  place,  before  the  women  and  children 
eon  Id  escape.  Confederate  toss,  !.">  killed,  5S  wounded  and  202  taken 
fisoners.  Federal  loss  estimated  at  650  killed  and  wounded.... 
'  tcncral  Lee  assigned  tlie  command  of  the  Confederate  army  under  the 
consent  of  President  Davis.  .  .  .And)r  Johnson,  the  traitor,  arrives  in 
Nashville,  Tennessee,  and  assumes  the  office  of  Governor  under  Federal 
f  authority.  Johnson  was  accompanied  by  his  fellow  traitors  Ethcridgc 
and  Maynard. 

March  14.  vicn  Fremont  appointed  to  a  new1  command  in  the  "West 
— "The  Mountain  Department. ".'...  A  party  of  Confederate  cavalry 
was  surprised  by  the  enemy  near  Cumberland  Gap,  Tennessee.  Five 
Confederates  killed  and  wounded. 

March  15.  Bombardment  of  New  Madrid  and  Island  No.  10  com- 
mence:'. .  .  .The  Federal  Senate  has  passed  the  bill  for  the  "occupation 
and  cultivation''  of  such  cotton  lands  as  tho  Federal  armies  may  acquire 
in  tl  .  .  .They  are  going  fco  take  the  cotton  lands,  and  work  ne- 

groes thereon  for   the   benefit  of  the  government.     It  is,  to  be  sure,  an 
ird  project  and  will  be,  whenever  attempted,  a  miserable  and  costly 
failure.     It  is  a  Yankee  scheme,    to  become  slaveholders  in  fact,  while 
giving  the  slaves  a  nominal  freedom  ;    to  work  them  by  agents,  undcr- 
I  drivers,   without  one  motive  to  produce  that  kindly  humanity, 
which  is  the  glory  of  the  system  in  Southern  hands.     It  is  a  grand  na- 
na! sham,  which   has  in  it  all  the  elements  of  cruelty  to  the  negro, 
and    the    certainty    of  breaking  up   speedily  under  circumstances   of 
wretchedaecs  to  the  poor  slave,  and  losses  to  the  speculating  government 
.  .  .  .Cavalry  fight  near  Warrenton,  Va      Ccn.  Stewart  engaged  a  large 
Federal    cavalry    and    succeeded    in  completely  routing  them, 
killing  forty  and   captured  one  hundred  with  their   horses,    kc.     Con- 
re  killed  and  one  hundred  and   eighty    wounded.... 
■r:d  McClellan,  commander  of  the  Federal  army,  takes  the  field  in 
person,    commanding  the    "  army  of  the  Potomac  ''    he  deliver     a  Ion:: 
lh  ii>  his  soldier 
March  17.  Attack  and  bombardment  at  Island  10  sippi  river, 

be  Federals.     The  Island  is  vigorously  defended. 

March  t8.  Skirmish  near  Point  Pleasant,  Mo.  The  Federals  erecting 

il  nd  ll       Tee  Confederate  gunboats  advances 
lis  the  batteries,  a  brisk  firing  took  place  when  the  Federals  retired 
■  i  theif  batteries.     Three  of  the  Confederate  steamers  were  slightly 
damaged!      V  gun  bnrsted  on  board  one  of  the  bents  while  being  t 

N   '    live-     lost. 

March  10.  FTnanci  n  of  the   Confederate  States. 

official    report    of  the  Of  the    Treasury    ■■how-    thai 

to  supplying  all   the  wnnf 
ernment,  notwithstanding  the : 
•  Lpenditures  resulting  from  the  great  augmentation  in  the  necessary 
of  defence.     The  report  exhibits  the  gratifying  feci  that  we  have 
loathagdebt;  that  the  credit  of  the  Government  i°   unimpaired,  arid 


tiiut  iir  ,  -  naiiurc  o(  tin-  Government  for  Um  year  ban  Ik 

round  uunil  \enty  millions  of  dollar.- — less  than 

.  qc  third  of  the  -u  in  i  iioniv  in  Lis  vain  effort  I 

-the  cotton  crop 

»p,  Tcnm 
iderablc    1  2  killed,   5 

wounded \mly  Johnson,  tha  Yankee   military   Governor  of  Ton- 

ii  at  Nashville  in  which  he  adroit! j  throw 

all  the  Man.  i  Ql     wdition  of  affaire  upon  the  South.... 

In  Lis  opinion,    Lin  ir  friend,  and  1  .  of  interfering 

with  our  institutions- 

March  22.  A  federal  gunboat  with  a  iai 
to  land  and  occupy  a   fortification   on   Mosquito  Inlet,  Florida.     The 

da  were  fired  on  by  a  party  of  Confederate*  and  forced  to  r 
Federal  loss  U  hi.  unded  and  i!  captoi 

March  28.  Battle  at  Bolton's  Mill,  or  Kernati  wn,  \Ta.,  G 
Wallj  •  ..itli  6000 men  engag  ederals  under  ( '•  o  Shields, 

numbering  1 8,000  atrong,  after  a  severe  contest  the  Federals  weiavre- 
poised  and  fell  1  General  Jaekaon  also   fell   back   for   sen 

rnents.     Federal  loss    L 75  killed,   460  wounded.     Confederate 
killed,   168  wounded    and   280  captnred . . . .  Guerrilla   fighting   near 
Jefferson  City,  Mo.    Federal  cavalry  attacked  Guerrilln  parti  s  dispers- 
ing them,  Tv  were  captured  pr  leralslost  during 
100  killed  and  wounded. 

March  25.  The  F<  leral  bombardment  at  Island  No.  10  Las  been 
continued  for  nine  days,  without  doing  any  material  damage  to  the  B  rti- 
fioatione.  xwo  Federal  gunboats  were  sunk  and  three  badly  disabled 
during  the  attaok.  It  is  estimated  tLat  the  enemy  fired  2500  shot. and 
shell  at  the  batteries  on  island  1"  and  vicinity  during  the  first  four  days 
of  the  bombardment,  and  wasted  6O.000  pounds  of  powder,  with  iron  in 

lion,  killing  one  and'wounding  two  of  our  men.     The  shell* 
tLey  throw  al  us,  weigh  from  190  to  200  pounds.     It  is* estimated  that 
one  thousand  Federals  were  killed  and    wounded   during  the  bi 
in.  n'  ....  1  iuia    A  lively  naval  buttle  occurred  in   this  \  ieinity 

to-day  between  the  Confederate  gunboats  Oregon  and  Pamlico  and  the 
famous  Federal  gunboat   New  London.     The  fight  lasted  tbn  i  hours, 
and  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  the  New  London. .  . .  Peppering  the  Van- 
St  Mary's  orgia       \  Federal  gunboat  with  a  Targe  forco 

•  ■ii  board  went  in  pursuit  of  a  Confederate  steamer.  The  Federals 
unexpectedly  encountered  a  body  of  Confederates  who  opened  fire  on 
them,  killii.  ad  wounding  siateen  Yankee-.     The  Confederate* 

retired  WltboUl 

March  .27.   Battle  <»i  Glorietta,  New  Mexico.     The  Federals  com- 
pletely routed,  with  a  loss  of  700  killed  and  captured.  Confederate  lose, 
illcd  and  wounded. 

b  29.  Another  attack  on  the    Yankee;  at  fidis'o,  North  Caro- 
lina.    General  Evans,  with  one  thousand  men,    proceeded  to  attack  the 


enemy,  which  was  supposed  to  be  2500,  but  found  them  to  be  5000 
to  G00O.  The  Confederates  drove  in  the  enemy's  pickets,  killing  one, 
mortally  wounded  and  capturing  twenty.  We  Tetired  in  good  order.  .  .  . 
Fight  in  Polk  county,  Mo.  An  engagement  took  place  between  the 
Confederate  forces  and  State  troops  ;  large  number  of  Federals  killed 
and  wounded.  Confederate  loss  reported  to  be  15  killed  and  wounded 
■ . .  .The  Peculiarities  or  the  Day.— In  the  whirl  of  passing  events 
we  scarcely  notice  the  strange  things  that  are  daily  happening  and  ex- 
isting around  us.  How  astonishing  it  will  appear,  in  a  few  years,  that 
a  time  existed  when  planters  raised  corn  and  potatoes,  fattened  hogs 
and  cultivated  garden  vegetables,  while  cotton  was  by  universal  consent 
neglected,  and  this  at  a  time  when  cotton  was  worth  in  Liverpool  28  cents 
a  pound,  yet  selling  on  the  plantation  at  5  cents. .  ..Our  newspapers 
have  felt  the  martial  influence  as  strongly  as  other  things.  They 
never  had  so  much  variety  as  now,  since  Faust  first  pulled  the  press  ; 
they  are  of  all  sizes  and  colors,  and  sometimes  contain  four  pages,  and 
sometimes  two.  They  are  short  enough  for  a  pocket  handkerchief  one 
day,  and  big  enough  for  a  table  cloth  another.  They  assume  as  many 
hues  as  Niagara  in  the  sunshine,  and  are  by  turns  blue,  yellow,  green, 
red,  purple,  grey  and  common  brown  packing  paper. . .  .How  odd  it  will 
be  to  remember  that  certain  merchandize  was  forbidden  to  be  brought 
into  the  city,  and  certain  kinds  of  produce  to  be  taken  out ;  and  that  in 
many  places  in  the  markets  and  stores,  dealers  could  sell  only  at  prices 
dictated  to  them  by  a  provost  marshal. . .  .Politics  are  dead.  A  politi- 
cal enemy  is  a  curiosity  only  read  of  in  books.  We  have  no  whigs,  no 
democrats,  no  know  nothings,  no  nothing.  Our  amusements  have  revo- 
lutionized. The  winter  has  passed  by  without  a  company  having  been 
engaged  at  the  theatre,  or  a  single  circus  having  spread  tent.  Our 
people  have  done  their  own  playing  and  their  own  singing,  and  the  ladies 
hare  spent  the  mornings  in  sewing  coarse  shirts  or  pantaloons  for  the 
soldier  to  wear,  and  sung  in  public  at  night  to  gain  money  for  the  soldiers' 
equipments.  .  .  .The  President's  message  t<>  Congress,  asking  the  repeal 

■  f  all  existing  military  laws  and  making  conscript  laws  instead,  recom- 
mends a  law  subjecting  every  man  between  18  and  30  years  to  militia 
service ....  Skirmish  near  ltappahanoek  River.  Va.  Colonel  Wheat  en- 
gaged the  enemy,  driving  them  back,  killing  3,  and  capturing    29  Ynn- 

March  30.  Federal  raid  at  Union  city,  Teun.     A  large  force  of  Fed- 
erals surprised  ;i  small  squad  of  Confederate  :i(  Union  city,  after  a  sharp 
meat  the  Federals  retreated;  Confederate  loss  2  killed,  7  wound- 

■  d  and  thirty  taken  prisoners.  The  enemy  < apturcd  a  large  number  of 
horses  and  army  stores;  2  Federals  killed. 

March  81.  Three  companies  of  Georgians  attacked  the  Yank* 
Wilmington  Island,  killing  one  and  wounding  several ;  Georgians  lost 
one  killed. .  ^.Skirnjish  near  Jacksonville,  Fla.     A  detachment  of  Col. 
Hih.orth  ~  (iuard  attacked  the  Federals,    killing  4  and  capturinj 
the  enemy  ;    Confederate  loss  2  killed  and  wounded. 

April  1.  A  party  of  Federal*  K'eretly  landed  at  Island  1<>.  and  spiked 


92 

Ipcd  froOl 

id    1" 
i    stonu    and  imd<  r  the  night.  .  .  .  Naval 

The  Confodi  rate  gunl  teed 

Fcdi  Acrah   withdrew,   one  of  their  bo: 

j/idly  dan  l<  •!• 

April  5.  1  i  I  at  Pass  <  Ihrfctian,  V 

camps.     The  Confederates  1>  :ipg  in  small 
ire,    no  one  hurt.    The  Federals  a! 
Icpredations  on   private  property,  returned  to  their  boats. 
I  near  Yorktpwn,  Va.     The  Federals  ai 
1  to  be  lundin  ■    in  the  neighborhood.    A  heavy  ba 

will  ' 

Colonel  Vaughn  has  pene- 

to   Huntsville,  whipped  the  enemy  ami 

off  meat,  .-ho,'.-,  cattle  and  horses      lie  killed 

about  fori  ncmVi  and  took  seventeen  prisoners,  losing  only  five 

men.     11  1  all  th "   commissary  stores  he  oould  not  hjring 

away. 

AprilC-7.   Battle  oi'  Shiloh,  Tcnn.     The  Confederates,   under  I 

ird  and  Johnson,  advanced  from  their  encampment  and  attacked 

die  t  omenoed  early  on    Sunday* morning.     The 

irible  of  any  during  the  war,  both  sidci  ooateftd- 

.  in.     Towards  evening  the  Federals  commenced 

I     ■  ;■  at    1  to  their  gunboats  on  the  Tennessee  rive/, 

ings  behind    nearly    all    their   batteries    (18) 

which  v  rates.     General    Frentiss,  with  SOlJQ 

An  immense  number  of  guns,  army  alp 

•'  mfederates.     The  lamented  General  Albert 

S.   J  killed   early    iii  the   evening.     During  the  nigJM  of 

Sunday,  the    Federals   Jr'ere  largely  reinforced  by  General   Buell  with 

.  and  on  Monday    morning  the  battle  was  renewed   with 

•■  ntinued -throughout  the  day.     The   Federals  were,  ag  a  iv- 

j.ul.M-d  and   defeated,   retiring  to   their  gunboats.     The    ('out'-  d  -rate 

.  d  back  to  their  positions  after  accomplishing  a  most  brilliant  sue 
.  . .  .The  Conledorate  threes  in  the  two  days'  fight  numbered  3  S,0  0  men. 
The  firil  day'.'  fighl  was  over  5$,000,  on  the  second 

reed  to  /0,000  men.     The  Confederate  los.> 
1  .:  :  I,  and  959  missing;  Federal  1< 

hilled  and  !».v'iu    wounded  and  6,700  taken  pri  The  Fcdi 

uff  loss  of  officers^  nearly  all  being  killed,  wounded 

nerals  Sherman,  Tom  Crittenden,  .Major  Wallaoehnd 
Lew  Wallace  were  kill  .  Smith  and  l?nell  were  wounded. 

rid  10,  tfississipppi  river.  After  being  bravely 
1  from  a  constant  bombardment  of  twenty  days,  the  Federal 
.  with  a  large  force  !   in  passing  below  the  Island  and 

.1-,.,]  tb"  reir  I  md  compelled  the  Confederates  to  leave  their 


p3 

guns  and   surrender   the  Island.     The  Confederates,  before  surrender- 
ing, destroyed  nearly  all  the  property  on  the  Island,  spiking  their  guns. 
The   .steamboats,  floating  batteries  and  wharf  boats  were  scuttled  <  and 
sunk.   About  one  thousand  of  the  Confederates  escaped  from  the  Island 
after  suffering  severe  hardships.     Gen.  Mackall  and   two  thousand  Bien 
were  taken  prisoners  on  the  Island.     Many  of  the  Confederates    wore 
drowned  in  making  their  escape  through  the  overflowed  swamp 
the  Island. .  .  .Picket  skirmish  at  Shepardstown,  North  Carolina.     The 
Confederates  killed  two  Yankees  and  captured  nine.  .  .    Reported  insur- 
rection  in  Southern  Illinois.     A  general  disposition  on  the  part  of  tic 
people  to  resist  the  payment  of  the  war  tax,  followed  by  a  protect  o 
twenty  members  of  the  Legislature,  against   the  doctrines  of  Lincoln's 
message,  Is  said  to  be  the  origin  of  the  difficulty.     The  recusant  mem 
bers  were  arrested  by  the  abolition  authorities.  Trouble,  followed,  which 
a  single  regiment  found  it  impossible  to  quell,  when  several  otihei 
sent  out  and  the  peace  party  was  crushed  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet. 

April  ?.  When  our  army  commenced  retiring  from  ShUohoa  Mondai 
evening,  General  Breckinridge's  brigade,  with  the  cavalry,  was  i 
to  bring  up  the  rear,  and  prevent  the  enemy  from  i  ft',  any  of  our 

trains.  The  cavalry  mentioned  were  attacked  by  a  Federal  force  of  two 
regiments  of  infantry  and  one  of  cavalry,  the  latter  being  in  the  advance. 
At  the  first  (ire  the  cavalry  of  the  enemy  turned  and  fled,  actually  break- 
ing the  ranks  of  their  own  infantry  in  endeavoring  to  escape  the  missiles 
of  the  Confederates,.  The  result  of  this  dashing  affair  was — Federal 
loss,  killed  and  wounded,  two  hundred  and  fifty,  and  forty-cighl  prison- 
er/*; Confederates,  ten  killed  and  wounded. 

April  11.  Bottle  of  Fort  Pulaski,  Georgia,  The  fort  was  attacked 
by  a  large  force  oi  Federal's,  After  a  most  gallant  defence  the  Confedcr- 
irrendcred.  Three  balls  had  entered  the  magazine,  and  a  clear 
breach  had  been  made  in  it.  The  balls  were  conical,  steel  pointed,  and 
propelled  with  such  force  as  to  pass  entirely  through  tlie  wall  at  nearh 
ewry  tire  No  lives  were  lost  during  fhc  bombardment;,  and  only  four 
were  wounded.  .  .  .The  Federals  take  possession  of  Huntsville,  Alabama 
and  Decatur,  on  the  M  'inphisand  Charleston  Railroad  :  the  cncm> 
several  railroad  cars  at  Decatur. 

April  13.    Engagemenl  rl  Jackson  and   Port   Philippe.   !,;. 

(The  first  filing  sine  e  the  fort?  were  built.)     Several  Federal  gunboal 
roinuicnced   bombarding    Fort    Jackson    at  "long  range."     Th 
proinpMy  rcpli  d  by  opening  their  batteries. 

April  12—13!  Heavy  skirmishing  continue  the    Peninsula, 

\'a.     The  Federals  repulsed  in  every  attack.     In  I 
the  Confederates  lost  f>  kilicrl  and  18  wounded  ;     the   Federal    !■ 
much   licavier,. .  .The  Macon,   North    Carolina 

rals  heel   n  lar  Whiti 

who  commanded  the  Coi  sent   out    a    dctachmci 

thent  battle,  repolsin  after  a    hoi    i  < ' 

|0!»s,  1")  killed  and  several  wounded. 

Ai  ,-i!  IC.   Skirmish  near  White  Mar^h   la]  Thcl-Vd 

1 


N 

rals  repulsed  with  a  I  M  killed  and  wounded.     Confederate  loss, 

s  killed  and  1  wound*  d Battle  of  Lee's  rami.  Va.    The  Federals 

made  n  spirited  attack  on  the  Confederate  lines.     After  o  hard  emit,  nt- 
ed  battle  roe  Federals   were  severely   defeated.    Confederate    !< 
killed  and  !  185  killed  and  wounded.     The 

ininanded  by  Qen.  Magruder. . .  .Skirmishing near 
Fredericksburg,  Va.  The  Confederates  were  attacked  and  ariVcu 
into  the  City  with  severe  loss.  The  Federals  under  <»en.  Mel' 
advance^  and  compel*  the  Confed  rates  to  evacuate  tie  city  ;  larg-- 
amount"  uf  public  and  private  property  was  destroyed  daring  the  nasty 
rvaeuatimi. 

April  18.  Bombardment  of  Fort9  Jackson  and  St.  Philfippe,  below 
N.w  ( Orleans,  continned. 

April  19.  Battle  of  South  Mills,  or  "Sawyers  Lane."  Va.  The  Fede- 
rals  were  defeated  Confederate  loss,  Is  killed  and  50  wounded. 
Federal  loss,  200  killed  and  wounded ....  Fight  near  Elizabeth  City. 
North  Carolina.  The  Confederates  were  defeated  with  a  loss  of  •">  killed 
and  81  wounded. ..  .The  Confederate  Senate  passed  a  bill  providing 
for  the  organisation  of  partisan  baods. .  ..Skirmishing  continues  on 
the  Peninsula,  Va.  The  Confederates  generally  repelling  all  attack-, 
of  the  enemy  ;  in  the  battle  to-day,  the  Confederate  loss  was   18  killed 

and  50  wounded  ;   the  Federal  loss  was  very  heavy. 

April  'J".  The  wige  of  Fbtt  Jackson,  La .,  continues  day  and  night. 
Such  ■  tremendous  bombardment  has  never  been  known  in  modern  war. 
It  il  estimated  that  the  enemy  have  fired  :>70,000  pounds  of  powder, 
and  1000  tons  of  iron.  No  damage  has  yet  been  dune  to  the  fort. 
Two  gunboats  have  been  sunk  and  one  disabled. 

April 'J.'!.  Guerrilla  fighting  in  Imuran  county,  Va.  A  large  party 
of  Federal*  were  routed,  with  a  loss  of  50  killed  and  wounded. 

A|  m1  'J  I  Great  gunboat  battle  above  Fort  Jaokeou.  On  the  morning 
of  24th  Inst.,  the  Federal  fleet  succeeded  in  passing  the  forts.  The  fleet 
was  immediately  attacked  by  the  Confederate  gunboats,  when  a  most 
desperate  battle  took  place,  The  Confederate  boats  were  all  disabled  ami 
sunk.  The  Federal  fleet  advanced  up  the  river  to  New  Orleans.  The 
Confederate  fleet  consisted  of  lo  gunboats,  including  the  great  ram  Lou- 
isiana and  'Manassas."  The  Federal  fleet  consisted  of  8  mortar  boats 
and  11  war  steamers,  including  1  iron  clads.  The  Federals  lost  3  war 
vessels;  one  of  the  largest  vessels,  the  Pensaoola,  with  a  crew  of  100 
persons,  was  sunk  with  ail  on  board.  Confederate  loss,  on  board  of  the 
killed  and  I2.r>  wounded.  Federal  loss  estimated  al  1000 
killed,  wounded  and  missing.  The  garrison,  under  (Jen.  Ctuncan,  still  held 

possession  of  the  forts. 

April  25.  The  Federal  fleet  attacks  the  Chalmette  Batteries,  below 
New  Orleans  ;  after  a  fight  of  two  hours,  the  batteries  were  silenced.  .  .  . 
Ou  the  night  of  the  25th  inst.,  the  Confederate  garrison  at  Fort  Jackson 
mutinously  revolted,  spiking  their  guns,  which  compelled  the  brave 
Qeft.  Dnnean  tu  surrender  the  forts  to  the  Federals.  The  bombardment 
•f  tho  fori  lasted  seven  days,  nninterraittingly.     Sixteen  lives  were  lost 


95 

inside  the  fort,  and  26  wounded.  No  injury  was  done  to  the  trims  ;  the 
fort  could  have  been  held,  had  the  garrison  continued  faithful .  .  .  .For* 
Macon,  North  Carolina,  surrenders  conditionally  after  n  well  contested 
defence.  Confederate  loss  inside  the  fort,  was  seven  killed  and  IS 
wounded. 

April  25-27.  Skirmishing  in  Tennessee  and  North  Alabama  be- 
tween Colohel  Scott's  cavalry  and  the  Federals  under  General  Mitchell. 
Colonel  Scott  captures  a  large  amount  of  stores  and  takes  several  pri- 
soners. 

April  26.  Gtrattt  excitement  in  N<<w  Orleans.  The  advance  fi. 
Federal  gunboats  arrives  in  front  of  New  Orleans,  a  party  of  Federals 
lauded  and  demanded  the  surrender  of  the  city;  immense  quantities  of 
sugar  and  wokwses  was  destroyed  to  prevent  its  falling  into  the  Federal 
hands  ;  General  Love.ll  retreats  with  his  troops  up  the  Jackson  railroad. 
\-.il  27—28.  Battle  of  Cassville,  Mo.  Confederates  defeated  with  n 
loss  of  3D  killed  and  wounded,  and  62  taken  prisoners. 

April  28.  Skirmish  at  Pittsburg  Landing,  Tenn.;  Federal  loss  27 
killed,  wounded  and  prisoners. 

April  2^-29.  Heavy  skirmishing  at  Cumberland  Gap,  Tenn.;  Fed- 
erals repulsed  with  a  loss  of  1O0  killed,  and  284  wounded  ;  Confeder- 
ate loss  27  killed  and  til  wftattflfed, 

April  2!).   Fight  at  Bridgeport,  Tenn.;  Confederates  defeated. 

April  .'SO.  and  May   1.    Posts    Macomb   and    Pike,    on    Lake  Pont- 
cha train,  La.,  was  destroyed  and  abandoned   hy  the  Confederates;    four 
'  derate  guul   iats  were  destroyed  in  a  very  hasty  tnannei . 

Ma,-  1.   The  city    of  New   Orleans  formally  occupied  by  the  Yankee 
ral     Butler    ...General     Morgan    capture?    a    large     amount    of 
Federal  storesat  Pulaski,  Tenn. 

']-.:■     5     Skirmish   near   Lebanon,     Tenn.;  the    Confederates    were 

■1.  and  lost  20  killed  and  35  wounded  and  45  captured  /v 
prisoners.  .  . .  Battle  of  Williamsburg,  Va.;  a  signal  victory  was  gained  ,  • 
by  the  Confederates,  under  General  .Johnson,  over  the  Federals,  under 
General  MeCHIan  ;  Cotlfederato  loss,  £20  killed  and  1100  wounded; 
Federal    loss.  1900    killed   and  2700  wounded. 

May  7.  Battle  of  Barhaaisviite.  or  West  Point,  Va;  the  Yankees  were 
badly  defci  ■•  d. 

M-iy  8.  Battle  I  iWel's,  or  Sitlington'*  Mill,  Va.;  Gen.  Stone-.. 
wall   Jackson  achieved  a  greal  ovei    the   Federals,   who   were 

commanded  by  (Jcneral  Mtrroy,  Confederate  loss  350  killed  and  wound 
ral   loss,  175  killed  and  2fr;i  wounded. 

May  9,  The  Confodi  i  ate  fora  s  •  \  aciMtj  i  Pensacola  run  ,•  yard.d 

;  amounts  i  f  property    ...  Battle  of  Parmington,  (near  Corinth,) 
Federals^  under  General  Pope   were  badly  defeated  and  put 
to  route,  with  a  "lorn   of  35  killed  and  100  wonnd<        I 
15  killed  and  109  wounded. 

May  1".  Skirmish  near  Klkhorn  I  derate 

loss,  .r>  killed,  7  wounded  ,1" 

May  11.  Colonel  saptw*  ■   ft  train  el  :.       rtile 

railroad,  near  Cave  Citv. 


0 


^       t 


p 


• 

10-11.   Fighting  at  Parisburg,  i  r  Gibbs  Courthouse,    \  a. 

■    1  and  driven  from  the  town,  with  a  I  killed 

and  wounded,  and  1<"»  captured;    large  quantities  of  Federal 
1    nfederato  loss,   l    killed  and  14  wounded. 
11.  Skirmish   i     r    PoHocksville,    North    Carolina. 
rals  defeated  with  a  1  killed;  Confederate  loss,  '■'<  wound* 

I  oaptum  d. 

May   12.  The  advance  fleet  of  Federal  gunboats  arrives  al  Nal 
Mi--  .  and  demands  the  surrender  of  the  ■  « 

13.    Skirmishing  near  Party,  Tenm.   leverd  k:l;    I 

of  Federal  gun  the  half  fit 

.t  Drcwry'H  Bluff,  Va ;  tie  Federals  were  repulsed  writh  a 
1 3  killed  and  11  wounded;  Confederate  loss,  V  killed  and 
y\-.\\    17.   Battle  of  Princeton,  Va.;  i;  states,  und 

lefeated  the   Yankees;  Confederate  loss,  5  killed  and  IT  w 

50  killed  and  wounded. 
\-.  Skirmish  near  City  Point,  \  a.;   Federals 
$  killed  and  '.'  captured. 
May  18-19-20.  Skirmishing  mar  Corinth,  Miss.;  several  severe  fight* 
ooenrred   without    important    results;  the    Federals  general! 
in  the  action  of  the  20th  instant  26  Confederates   wore  killed  and  •  '•"■ 
wounded, 

1  i.   The  advance  division  of  Farragutli-    Federal  6 
below  Yicksbnrg,  Miss :  the  surrender  of  the  city  was  demanded. 

1!*.    Skirmish    noar   Warrenton,    Va.;    result  \  '.  ;.nkc. 

killed;    '_'   Confederates   killed.  .<  .Skirmish  icksbtrrg, 

1   Vankei  a   killed  and  WOUttdt    !. 

May  L&— II '.  Battle  near  Searcy,  Arkansas. ;   Fed  i£bd;  Co  ■ 

■  <    killed    and    11    wounded:    Federal    loss 45  killed   imd 

wound*  d. 

May   21.  Bombardment  of    Port  i'iilow.  'iYnn.,    resurired. .  ..Tho 

immenced    bonrbardins  the  batteries  al  Cele's  l-laml.  near 

Savannah. 

.May  20.  A  party  of  Federals   in  approaching  St.  Marks.  Flh  . 

1  by  the  Confederates;    IT  Yankee.-  were  killed. 

Royal,  Va.;  the  Bed  tral 
were  taken  j  ri  large  quantities 

^I  i  •  aerai  .  lores  were  captured. 
May  28-24    Battle  of  Lewisburg,  Western    Va.:  the  Oonfed* 
WCTi  I   after   U   hard    fight;    Confederate    1m,-.    330    killed    and 

nided  :    1'edei.d  loss  was  miieli    heavier. 

May  24.  The    Federal  army,  under  Gen.   Banks,    in    retreat 
Front  Royal,  is  pursued  l>y  the  Confederates,  who  crfpturcs  several  pri: 
and  lakes  large  quantities  of  stores,  <Ve ,  near  MicRHetbn,  Va. 

. .  .Skirmish   on   the  New  Kent  Road,  Temf.;  the  Sank i  repulsed; 

'(Confederate  1"     2  killed  and  ■'•  wdoaded. 

May  ~'\  24  Skirmishing  at  Garnctt's  Farm,  near  Richmond,  \  a 


*  urpnscd  by  the  (  onfederatcs  ;    I 

•J     May  23-24.   Battle  at  t Front 

4|    and  driven  from  the  town  ;    1  17i» 
I  of  Federal  tU  captured. 


!>7 

severe  engagement  look  place,  iu  which  the  Confederates  were   defeated, 
with  a  loss  of  100  killed  and  wounded;  Federal  loss,  122  killed  and 
wounded. 

May  25.  Battle  at  Winchester,  Ya,  General  Stonewall  Jackson  de- 
feats the  Federal  army,  and  takes  800  prisoners,  and  captures  vast 
quantities  of  Federal  stores;  Confederate  loss,  124  killed  and  wound- 
ed ;  Federal  loss,  50  killed  and  259  wounded. 

May  20.  Skirmish  near  Grand  Gulf,  Miss,;   Federals    repulsed 

The  first  bombarding  at  Yicksburg,  Miss.,  takes  place. 

May  20-27.  Skirmish  at  Hanover  Courthouse,  Ya.  A  desperate 
engagement  took  place,  iu  which  the  Federals  were  defeated  with  a  loss  of 
63  killed  and  270  wounded;  Confederate  loss  90  killed  and  'I'.Vl 
wounded. 

May  28.  A  Confederate  scouting  party  was  surprised  near  Qakfield, 
Fla.,  and  one  man  killed. 

May  28-29.  Corinth,  Miss.,  evacuated  by  the  Confederates,  under 
General   Beauregard;  skirmishing   occurred   during  th  Gen- 

cral  Price  engaged  the  Yankees  and  repulsed  them. 

May  31.  General  Stonewall  Jackson  falls  back  from  Winchester,  Ya. 

May  81,  and  June  1.  Battle  of  Seven  Pines,  or   Fair   Oak     \ 
T/ho  Federal  army,  under  General  McClellan,  was  defeated  by  the  Con- 
federates under  Gens.  Hill,  Longstreet,  and  Huger ;  Federal  Los     2O70 
killed,  and  4900  wounded,  and  550  prisoners;   Confederate  loss,  1<  >3i5 
killed,  and  2700  wounded. 

June  1.  Fight  near  Strausburg,  Va.  Gen.  Jackson  defeats  the 
Federals  under  Fremont. 

June  2-5.  Skirmishing  near  Washington,  N.  C  The  Fed'  . 
ed,  with  a  loss  of  9  killed  and  17  wounded  ;  Confederate  loss,  3  killed 
and  4. wounded  ;  Colonel  Singlet  ary  was  killed. 

June  0.  Skinubkou  James  Island,  near  Savannah  :  the  Federate  re- 
pulsed, 20  captured  prisoners:  Confederate  loss,  two  killed  and  eight 
wounded. 

June  4.    Fort  Pillow  evacuated  by  the  Confederate  G 
near  Sweeden's  Cave,  Tenn-  A  party  of  Confederate 
a  large  force  of  Federals;  the  Confederates  cut  their  way  out  with  a 
IpM  of  1")  killed. 

June  5.  Skirmishing  on  the  Chickahominy,  Va.      i  uur  (  oiifi 
wounded.  ..  .Skirmish  near  Harrisburg,   Virginia.     The    Federals  re- 
pulsed; Confederate  lose  -Id  killed  and  lOO  wounded;    General  Turner 
Ashby  killed. 

dune  »'>.   Naval  battle  in  front  of  Memphis,  Tenn.     The  \ 
under  Com.  Havi -,  attacks  oar  gunboats;  after  three  1  fil- 

ing we  were  defeated  ,  our  loss  80    killed  and  wounded,  and  75 

is,  and  four  gunboats  sunk. . .  .The  city  of  M 
rendered  and  was  occupied  by  the  Jfanl 

dune  7.  W.  U.  tfumfbrd  was  pubttcly  hung  in  the 
by  the  order  o4  Geo   Butler,  for  tearing  down  the  1  nited 
the  mint. 


\ 


*' 


killed  nod  ■ 

.Tunc  H-i).     Battle  of  Port   Republic,  Vo      Gen.  Jackson  defeats  the 
lerOen.fi  ad  Fremont';   oar   loss  55d  killed  and 

loft(»   kitted   :in<l  :;ni]   Too  taker 

prisoner- 

.F mi.   10.  Skirmish  near  Vork  River  Railroad.  Va.     Yankees  defeat- 
.  ,1    wiHi  ■'  kill<  '1  :    our  I"--  1  kill< 

June  1 1     Rati  Ewell  d< 

n\-  un<!t-r  Fremont.     Federal  h  killed  and  wohnded ;  Confede- 

rate ion  124  killed  and  wound 

J  one  14— 1       I  il  raidamoi  mkecs 

near  lianovei  Court  B  mount  of  Fedenal  pro- 

{^ri\  and  captures  175  prisoners.     The  brave  Capt.  Latanc  was  killed 
in  tin-  act. 

Jane  14.  Bottle  of  Langoelle,   on  White    lliwr.    Ark.      Fee orals 

(Mlt<''l. 

June  16.   !•  "  nville  S.  ('      A   complete   notary   was 

I  over  the  Federals.  I  killed  ami  100  wounded. 

126  niixsing;   Federal  \<  w  300 killed  and  woonded. 

Jane  18.  Skirmish  near  Riahmonds  Ya.    Federals  repulsed ;  (' 
ernte  loss  'J  wounded 

•I  nn  the  WiHuunsburg  Road,  Va.     The  Fir>t   Lonnv 
ium  i'  Sickles'  Krigadc.     After  n  sharp  fight  the  Fan* 

re  driven  back.     Confederal  illed  and  grounded. 

Raitiea  of  the  Cbiekahominy,  before  Richmond    Va      Jane  26,  bottle 
of  Mechanics  ..      uttle  of  Gain  29,  battle  of  1- razor's  Farm; 

30,   battle  of  Willis'  Church;  .Inly    1.   battle  oi  Malvern    Hill.     The 
•    1         pal   army    under   <ien.    -MoC.'liilan   was  defeated   and   utterly 
iuuico  ys  hard -fighting.     Confederate  loss    1,850   killed 

.   Federal  loss   1,985  killed,  i-.n1  0  wounded  and 
•  rs. 
Joaje  28,    Ureal  bojubarditenl  at   Vickaburg,  Miss.     Seven   of  the 
Federal  gunboats  advanced  in  front  ef  the  city,   passing  the   batteries, 
vrh'*Ti  a   most  terrific  bombardment  took  place      No  injury  was  sustained 
by  iIm-  f'>rt:«. 
July  1.  A  Confederate  battery  opcued  fire  on  the  enemy  near  0< 

James    River.     After  a  sharp  contest  the  Fed<  reated. 

Confederate  lose  _  nd  0  wounded. 

July  3.  <i>!i  McClcllan  evacuate-  his  position  before  Richmond, 
\  a,,  and  rctirc>  to  Ulfl  dan:--   Kiver. 

-July  \.  The  army  of  the  Potomac  was  originally  230,000  strong. 
Prior  to  the  5th  of  April,  according  to  the  testimony  of  the  Assistant 
Secretary  of  War,  MoClellan  had  120,000  men  at  xorktown.  From 
the  tiaae  he  landed  at  lorktown  to  the  beginnihg  of  the  great  battles,  he 
loot,  it   seems,   iii  varinu-  wa\   ,   T-'!. 'Mill,   and   between   the    landing  and 

fighting,   98,000   out  of  15$,0u0  had 
killed,    bad  died  in  the  swamps,  or  had   by  sickness  boon  rendered  unlit 


for  service.     lu  less  than  a  year,  ho  lost  nearly  100,000  out  of  230,000 
men,  without  accomplishing  anything. 

July  8.  Skirmish  at  Culpeper  Cross  lloads,  Va.  The  Federal- 
defeated. 

July  18.  Col.  Forrest  attacks  and  captures  the  Yankee  garrison  at 
Murfrcesboro,  Tenn.  Federal  loss  GO  killed  and  140  wounded  &hd 
1,900  taken  prisoners. 

July    15.    Skirmish  at  Fayettcville,   Ark.     Confcde; 
. . .  .The  great  ram  Arkansas  engages  the  Federal  fleet  near  Vicksburg 
Miss.,  and  successfully  run    the  gauntlet   between  30  pun  and  mortar 
boats,  without   sustaining   any  injury.     Nearly  all  of  the  Fed' 
was  damaged,  and  one  'sank by  the  guns  of  the  Arkansas.     Federal  1 
on  board  the  boats  was  83  killed  and   S4  wounded;    Confederate  i 
on  board  the  Arkansas  9  killed  and  4  wounded.     The  Arkansas   came 
down  and  moored  under  the  batteries  at  Vicksburg  ;  about  seven  o'clock 
in  the  evening  five  of  the  Federal  gunboats  came  down  and  attempted 
to  cut  tho  Arkansas  from  the  shore  ;  the  effort  was  unsuccessful,  and  the 
fleet  was  driven  off. 

July  21.  Skirmish  near  Carmel  Church,  Va.  The  Federals  claimed 
a  victory. 

July  2*2.  The  Confederate  and  Federal  Governments  make  an  agree- 
ment for  a  general   exchange  of  prisoners Lincoln    publishes   an 

order   authorizing  the  confiscating  of  Confederate  property  for  the  use 

of  Federal   soldiers Tho   Federal   fleet  makes  anot Ik, ■  on 

the  ram  Arkansas,  in  front  of  Vicksburg.     The  fleet  was  repulsed 

The  Confederates   attack  the  Yankees  at  Florence,  Ala.,  and  aestroa 
large  amount  of  stores. 

July  23.  Gen.  Bragg  leaves  Tupelo,  Miss.,  for  Kentucky. 

July  li4.  The  combined  Federal  fleet  retires  and  abandon^  (he  tfcige 
of  Vicksburg,  without  accomplishing  anything,  after  a  Beige  ot  six  weeks. 
No  injury  was  sustained  by   any  of  the   batteries  ai    \  The 

number  of  shells  thrown  into  the  city  and  at  the  batteries  will   aniouo< 
to  25,000.     The  casualties  in  the  city  was  one  woman  lad  Jro 

man   killed,  and  among  the  soldiers  on  guard  and  at  the  b 
was  22  killed  and  wounded.     The  lower  bombarding  fleet,  under  com- 
mand of  Corns.  Farragut  and  Porter,  consisted  of   18  gun  and    mm: 
boats,  5  sloops  of  war  and  70  transports:  the  upper  ii  .'  1 1 

gunboats  and  rams,  and  13  transports,  under  command  of  Cora.    Dai 
[it  II  estimated  that  500  Federals  died  from  e  of 

Vicjssburg. 

July  25.  Col    Armstrong    i  be  Yankees  at  Courtland.    A..j 

and  captures   133  prisoners Col.    Kelly    attacks  and 

party  of  Federals  at  Jonesboro,  Tenp.     I  and  ."■ 

wounded;  .'5  Confederal  <  woui 

July, 26.  Guerilla   Gghtipg    in  Missouri 
have  been  succcs  ;ful  in  f 

July  29.  Fight  at  Mt  fc 
with  a  loss  of  1'!  killed  nnd  20  wounded      '  i  ', 

wounded. 


100 

.hi! .  :  iran's  offici:il  report  of  his  successful  raid.-  through 

K  ntuekv  :ind   IblMli,  amounts  to  the  capturing  of  20  towns,  ami 

I  _  md  destroying    Federal    property  to  the 

■  i  :  $000,000.     Tii.  Confederate  loss  in  all  the  engagements  was 

'l'.\  k'dlcd  and  47  wounded Engagement  on  the  Janes   River  near 

..  md,  Va.     The  Federal  fleet  repulsed.     Confederate  loss  3  killed 
and  4  wound'  d. 

July  "JT.  SkirmiahiDg  near  Bolivar,  Tenn.  The  Confederates  repulsed 
with  ■  Loss  of  l.">  killed  and  wounded. 

July  27-30.   Skirmishing  near  Stevenson,  Ala.    The  Yankees  defeat- 
<  1  in  two  severe  fights.      I/"--  of  both  side.-,  17    killed  and  40  wounded. 
Battle   of  Moore's  Mill,    Mo.  (near    Fulton.)     The  Con- 
il    i  with  a  loss  of  22  killed  and  00  wounded. 
duly  28.  Skirmishing  near  Humboldt,  Tenn, 

June  —  The  Confederates  attacked  and  captured  the  Federal  garri- 
son at  Sunimervillc,  Va.  Federal  loss,  0  killed  and  -'■'>  wounded. 
( '•itifederate  lots,  5  wounde  I. 

ting.  1  I'niuhardnieiit  on  James  Kivcr,  near  WestOVOr.  Four  Federals 
killed  and  s  wounded. 

An.'.  2.  Fight  near  Madison,  Ark.  Gen.  Parsons  surprised  a  Federal 
Camp  and  put  the  Yankees  to   flight. 

Aug.  '.'.  Cavalry  skirmish  at  Orange  Court  House,  Va.    Confederates 
::  killed  and  l11  wounded. 
'.'..   Skirmi>h    at    Cox's   Mill   Creek,    Va.     Confederate    loss  2 
killed  and  5  wound) 

Fight  near  Memphis,  Tenn.     The  Confederates  under  Jeff. 
ited  with  I  loss  of  three  killed  and  live  wounded. 
August  1.  Skirmish  near  Hanover  Court   House,  Va.     Gen.  Stuart 
r»-  -'in  Yankees.     Fedora!  stores  destroyed. 

n.  Fighting* near  Malvern  Hill,  Va.     The  Federals  after  a 
hard  battle  deflated    tho   Confederates   with    a    loss   of   live    killed    and 
nine  wounded,     The  Federals  afterwards  evacuated  tho* place,     federal 
"••>  killed  and  wound  * 

Align  liattle  of  Tazewell,  near  Cumberland  Gap.  Tenn.     Fede- 

rals re |  of  !)1    killed  and  wounded.     Confederate  Iom 

21  killed  and  '■'>■>  wounded. 

August  5.    Battle  of  Baton  Rouge,  La.  Tho  Confederates  under  Gen. 
lined  a  signal  viotojry.     Federal  loss  OSo   killed  and 
led.      Coufedcratfl    loss    12    killed   and    178  wounded. 

-s.  Guerilla   fighting  near  Stockton,  Mo.     The    Federals 
<  'onl'ederate  losa  90  killed  and  wounded.     Federal  loss 
rilled  and  wounded. 

August  6.  Fight  at  Pack's  Ferry,  Western  Virginia.  GenVLoring 
large  feiee  of  Federals. 

Auyisl  6.  The  great  ram  and  gunboat  '-Arkansas"  destroyed  pnd 
abandoned b)  her  officers.  The  machinery  of  the  boat  became  disa- 
bled, which  compelled  the  erewio destroy  the  boat  toprevehi  her  falling 

into  Federal  hands. 


101 

August  (itli:  The  notorious  Federal  General  McCook  was  killed  by 
Partisan  Rangers  in  Tennessee. 

August  7.  Skirmish  near  Decatur,  Ala.  Capt.  Roddy  defeats  a  force 
of  Federals,  killing  several  and  capturing  1-28  prisoners.  Confederate 
loss  2  killed  and  7  wounded. 

August  Sth.  Fight  near  Culpepper  court  -house,  Va.  The  Federals 
were  badly  routed,  5  killed  and  19  wounded,  and  21  taken  prisoners. 

August  8.  Lincoln  issues  a  proclamation  calling  for  600,0©€  more 
men  to  put  down  the  rebellion. 

August  8-9.  Battle  of  South  West  Mountain,  or  Cedar  Hun,  Va. 
The  Confederates,  under  General  Jackson,  defeated  the  combined  divi- 
sions of  the  Federal  army  under  Banks,  McDowell  and  Seigel.  Con- 
federate loss  220  killed  and  870  wounded.  Gen.  Winder  killed.  Fede- 
ral'loss  300  killed  and  900  wounded,  and  400  taken  prisoners. 

August  11.  Battle  of  Independence.  Mo.  The  Confederate  Parti- 
sans under  Col.  Hughes  and  Quantrcll,  defeated  the  Federals,  killing  29. 
'  August  11.  Skirmish  at  Friar's  Point,  Miss.  The  Yankees  defeated 
and  put  to  route,  several  taken  prisoners. 

August  i:>-10.  Battle  at  Lone  Jack,  Mo.  Col.  Tracy,  the  Parti- 
san leader,  gained  a  great  victory  over  the  Federals,  putting  them  to  route 
with  a  loss  of  300  killed  and  wounded.  Confederate  loss,  73  killed  an  1 
wounded.  Previous  to  this  battle,  Colonel  Tracy  had  defeated  the  ene- 
my in  Greenfield,  Osceola  and  Harmonsville,  Mo,  causing  great  S»vo< 
among  the  Yankees,  capturing  large  amounts  of  Federal  stores,  and  took 
300  prisoners,  and  killing  over  100  of  the  enemy. 

August  10.  A  party  of  Confederates  were  defeated  near  Mammoth 
Cave.Ky. 

August  10-17.  Skirmish  at  Bayou  Sara,  La.  The  Federals  destroy 
ed  part  of  the  town — several  persons  killed. 

August  17.  Skirmish  at  Loudon,  Ky.  The  "Kirby  Smith  Brigade" 
of  cavalry,  under  Col.  Scott,  routed  the  Federals  and  drove  them  from 
the  place,  capturing  111  men  ;  Confederate  loss  two  killed. 

August  18,  Barboursville,  Ky.,  taken  by  the  Confederates:  l~< 
Yankees  taken  prisoners. 

August  19.  Gen  Lee  crossed  the  Rapidan  in  pursuit  of  the  retreat- 
ing Federal  army  under  Gen  Pope 

August  2(1.  Fight  near  Union  Mills,  Buchanan  county,  Wo  ;  Federal- 
defeated,  with  a  loss  of  5  killed  and  1  wounded. 

August  20.  Fort  Donclson,  Tenn,  taken  by  tbe'Confcderates,  1100 
Federals  taken  prisoners. 

August   20-21.   Fightingj.nea^  Gallatin,  Tonn.     The   Cot 
under  Gen  Morgan  defeats  and  routcsTthojYankc"     under  <;«■-,. 
son.     Federal  low  200  killed  wd  wounded,  and  -"•< »< »  taken  pjfap 
Confederate.  Ins- 'J  7  killed  and:)'.)  wounded. 

August  22   Battle   of    Big  Hill,  near  Richmond.  Ky.     Colonel 
defeats  the  Federals,  putting   them  to  route   with  a  MM  of  23  killed 
and  05  wounded. 

August  22.  Skirmish  at  Warrcnton,  Va  Federals  defeated  with 
great  loss. 


L02 

€ 

I  Jatlott  Staiiou,  Va, 
mount   of  Federal  b 
m«l  •'>  worn 

; .._'    IT   i 

lile,  Ala. 
( >ur   :  I    ail' 1 

oam 

■  : 

sharp  fight.   I".  70 killed  and  wovsd- 

i  (1  ai 

Skirmish    Dear    Bolivar,    Tunu.      Federals  routed 
..  and  7<>  taken  prisonm  ■     Gojrfed- 
I  wound 

\  orcly 
from  their  strong  entrenchments. 

•    ..  ren,  Kirby 

Sniitb  '   the    Federals   in  two  hard-fought 

-  L78  killed  and  •!•»'   wounded,   ana  4800 
poanded. 
battle  mi  Manassas    Plains,  Va.     Qen.    L* 

Pope.    <  '"ii- 
land  4  lend  loss  8,000  killed 

■ 

Richmond,  K   .     The  "Kirby  Smith  J3ri- 
-  :i  large  force  of  Abolitionists, 
killing  "•     Southern  loaa 5  killed,  20  wounded. 

.n,  Tenn.      The  Federals  were  •> 
Arong  fortificaiio 
2d.    Col.  Jenkins  defeated  the  Federals  in  several 
Valley,  capturing  several  prisoners,  Fed  sral 

uear CcBUcville,  Va.     !'• 

killed  and  135  wounded.     The 
aruoy  killed. 

lish  mar  (lormantown,  Va.     Federals  roui 
ibardmenl  uez,   Bliss.     A  party  of  I 

I  were  driven  back   to  their  gunboats.     The. 
city  for  several  hours.     Two  persons  were  killed 

• 

1  n ioo    a(    Frankfurt,    Ky.,  am! 

I 
.    I1.    Guerilla  fighting  near  Salt  River,  Ky.     Federals 
rodta 

r  '•'.  The  Confederate  Army  under  Generals  Lcc  and  Jflck- 


103 

September  9-10.  Col.  Jenkins  defeats  the  Federals  at  Buchanan  and 
Ravcnswood,  Western,  Va.,  capturing  large  amounts  of  Federal  stores. 

September  0th.  Tlie  Yankee  garrison  at  Williamsburg,  Ya.,  was 
surprised  and  captured  by  the  Confederates.  Federal  loss  15  killed 
and  70  taken  prisoners.     Confederate  loss  17  killed  and  wounded. 

September  9.  Washington,  North  Carolina  taken  by  the  Confederates  ; 
the  Federals  re-captured  the  place  after  a  hard  fight.  V 

September  10.  Skirmishing  near  Helena,   Arkansas.     Federals  d*         \ 
feated. 

September  11.  Great  excitement  vraf?  created  in  the  country  by  the 
report  of  the  capture  of  Cincinnati. 

September  11.  Engagement  on  the  St.  Johns  River,  Florida.  Fede- 
ral gunboats  repulsed.     Our  loss  two  killed  and  five  wounded* 

September  13-14.  Battle  of  Cottou  Hill,  Western  Ya.  Gen.  Loring 
defeats  the  Federals,  capturing  all  their  fortifications,  stores,  &c. 
Federal  loss  400  killed  and  wounded.     Our  loss  25  killed  and  wounded. 

Sept.  15.  Fighting  at  Charleston,  Western,  Va.  (Jea.  Lorine  again 
defeats  the  Yankees,  driving  them  from  the  town. 

Sept.  14.  Rattle  of  Fort  Craig,  opposite  MumfonlsviHe,  Ky.,  Gen. 
Chalmers  attacked  the  Federals,  after  a  dav's  hard  fighting,  our  forces 
were  compelled  to  fall  back  with  severe  1G&.  General  Chalmers  is  much 
to  be  censured  for  his  unnecessary  attack  and  sacrifice  of  lives.  Our 
loss  05  killed  and  275  wounded.  Federal  loss  18  killed  and  30 
wounded. 

September  13-14.  Skirmishing  near  Opelousas,  La.  Several  fights 
occurred  between  Confederate  partisans  and  marauding  parties  of  Yan- 
kees. 150  Yankees  were  captured  in  one  skirmish.  The  Confederal  - 
lost  15  men  killed  and  13  wounded,  and  fifty  captured  in  different 
eonfji' 

September  13,  !  1.  1 5.  Beige  and  capture  of  Harper's  Perry,  Ya. 
Gen  Stonewall  Jackson  captures  the  Yankee  garrison  after  three  day-' 
hard  fighting.  11,583  Yankees  were  taken  prisoners.  Our  loss  .;l 
killed  and  4U  wounded.  Yankee  lose  200  killed  and  wounded.  An 
immense  amount  of  Federal  stores,  guns,  &c.  were  taken. 

;  11.  Battle  of  Boonaboro  Gap  or  South  Mountain  Maryland. 
TheCdnfederates  under  I».  If.  Jlill  fought  a  most  <!-  sperate  battle,  pepuls- 
rng  the  Federals  and  holding  |  of  the  Pass  against    tie    enemi 

who  (lutmiinliereol   then  live  to  one.     Federal  loss  4,500  killed    and 
woiiiKled.     Confederate!  illedand  1,800  wounded. 

Sept.  14.    Confederate  Debt.     Up  to  the  flrsl    ol    August,   I8ftS,   our 
70;    and    for  outstanding  requisitions,  * 
128.15.  Funds 

most  of  which  i-  '•> 
raised  by  Treasury   v 

Bept.    l:<.    14.      General   Armstrong  surprises  the  I  :    faka. 

Mi--.,  and  rout  the  Idtfa, 

and  capture  s  u  lar*  i 

killed  and  wound  a.     Federal  loss  10  killed,  £1  wounded 
pt,  13.  V>. 
died  and  wound*  d,  and  I 


f- 


104 

•  mla,  La.     Federals  runted   alter  a   l>i  i>k 
ndod.     ('"in".,!. 

uu. 
ttlo  of  Sharpsbuig  or   Antictam,    Maryland.     A 
signal  by  the  C  ler  Gen.  Lei       Th 

i  i.  M  Clcllan   numbered   90,000   men. 

i  iui  •    I         56-.000    men.     T!      I 
hold   pos&  battle-field  for  2  4  hours  after  the  fight,  and  made 

I '  nfedcrate  lossr  1,900  killed  and  6,915  wounded 
aud  Mi»  Federal  loss,  2,010  killed* and  9,410  wounded 

and  rs. 

Fight   near  rille,    Fla.     Federal  gunboats 

Gen     1.  the  Potomac  from  Man- 

Battle  ofluka,  Miss.    0  o.  Price  defeated  th 
-  fight,  driving  them  from  their  fortifications.     The 
[e  resulted  in  the  complete  roul   of  the  Confederates, 
with  a  loss  of  265  killed  and  687  wounded.     Federal   loss,  188  killed 

Sep;  Battle   of  Sheppardsl  -      1,    Majyla 

\    r    ■  "  line  victory  over  the  Federals,  repulsing  aud  driy- 

•  th<   Potomac  with  great  loss.     Confedeiitcjoss, 
:illed  aud  w  anctcd.     Federal  loss,  2,500  killed  and  wounded, 
mfordsville,  Ky.,  evacuated  by  the  Con'fi  lerates, 
Lincoln   issues  a  proclamation   declaring  all  negroes 
in  tl.  after  the  1st  of  January,  LS6o. 

.    Gen.    Beauregard   takes   command  of  the   army   at 
Charleston  S.  0. 

7.   Sabine  city  taken  by  the  Federals 
S  pretnber  29.     Fight  near  New  Haven,  Ky.    Confederate 
Col.  '  d  290  Confederates  taken  prisoners. 

bine  near  Middleton,  Ky.  Federal  loss,  1 1  killed 
and  ID  wounded.  Confederate  loss,  7  killed  and  13  wounded Skir- 
mish at             '        k,  Ky.      Federals  repulsed  with  o  loss  of  7  killed  and 

wounded \  report  was  presented  to  the  Confederate    Senate,  B&oif- 

whole   number   of  sick  and   wounded  eolcuexfl   admitted  Into 
and   around  Richmond,   since  their  organization  to 
the  present   time,  ws    99,605,  of  whom  9,774   have  teen  furloughcd, 
died. 

1  I  3.   Fight    near    Franklin.  N.  0.     Federals  defeated,  with  a 

less  of  20  killc!  and  19  wminded  and  40  prison^! 

.    Battle  at  Corinth,  Miss.     Confederates  won  wgnal 

the    first  and  se<  ond  day's  fighting  ;     on  the  third  day  they 

and  were  compelled  to  retreat.     Confederate  loss,  1200 


105 

killed  ant]  2.300  wounded,  and  2000  taken  prisoners.  Federal  loss,  450 
killed  and  1.820  wounded  and  320  taken  prisoners. 

October  3.  Skirmish  at  Olive  Hill,  Ky.  General  Morgan. defeats 
the  Home  Guards. 

October '5.  The  Confederates  make  an  attack  on  a  fleet  of  Federal 
:!eaiyboats  near  Poualdsonvillo,  La  ,  killing  several  Yankees  on  board 
of  the  steamer;:. 

October  0  Skirmish  near  Big  Burch  Mountain,  Western  Ya.,  several 
Yankees  taken  prisoners. 

October  7!  A  party  of  Confederates  under  Gen  Anderson  were 
surprised  and  captured  at  Lavernge,  Tenn. 

October  8.  Battle  of  Pcrryville  or  Chaplin  Hill,  Ky.  A  decided  vic- 
tory was  gained  by  the  Confederates  under  Gens.  Polk  and  Hardee,  over 
the  Federals.  Federal  loss  4,000  killed  and  wounded  and  2,000  taken 
prisoners.     Confederate  loss  2,700  killed  and  wounded. 

October!*.     The  city  of  Galveston,  Texas,  occupied  by  the    Federals 

...Skirmish   at    Middloburg,    Ya.     Federals    defeated Cavalry 

skirmish  near  Chaplin  Hill,  Ky.  The  Confederates  under  Col.  Scott 
defeated,  with  a  loss  of  0  killed  and  5  wounded.  Federal  loss  5  killed 
and  11  wounded. ..  .Fight  near  Frankfort,  Ky.  Confederates  suffered 
a  defeat  by  the  Federals  under  Pumont.  Confederate  loss,  4  killed  and 
75  taken  prisoners.    Federal  loss  5  killed. 

October  10-11.  Gen.  J.  E.  B.  Stuart,  with  a  force  of  2,000  men, 
makes  a  successful  rcconnoisance  through  Pennsylvania,  destroying 
large  amounts  of  Federal  property  and  causing  a  great  panic  among  the 
Yankees.  During  this  expedition  Gen.  Stuart  made  one  of  the  most 
extraordinary  marches  on  record,  marching  9G  miles  in  24  hours. . .  . 
Fight  at  Augusta,  Ky.  A  party  of  Confederates  after  surrendering 
were  fired  upon  by  the  Yankees.  Lt.  Col  Prentice  was  killed.  The 
Yankees  were  afterwards   attacked  in  force  and  a  large  number  killed. 

October  17.  Fight  in  Harlan  co.,  Ky.  The  Confederates  attacked 
and  defeated  a  large. party  of  Union  men,  killing  4,  and  20  taken  pris- 
oners. . .  .Guerilla  fighting  near  Island  10,  Tenn.  Confederates  defeat- 
ed with  a  loss  of  5  killed  and  11  wounded.  Federal  loss,  3  killed  and 
7  wounded. 

October  18!  Skirmish  near  Thoroughfare  Gap.  Ya.  Confederates 
repulsed-  •  •  ■  Murder  of  Confederates.  Ten  Confederate  prisoners  were 
shot  dead  by  the  order  of  the  Federal  General,  McNeil,  at  Palmyra. 
Mo.,  on  account  of  a  raid  which  the  Confederates  had  made  into  the  town. 

<  )>  iobrr  1 S— Ju.  Gen.  Bragg's  army  reaches  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  on  re- 
treat from  Ky. 

Octotorl$.  Skirmish  at  Lexington,  Ky.     Morgan's   Cavalry  makes 
another  successful  dash  into  the  i  ity.  routing  (he  Federals,  killing  *  and 
11  irg  150. 

October  20.  Fighting  at  Pittman's    Ferry.   Ark.      A    party  ol 
federate  Partisans  were  attacked  and  defeated  by  a  lar_  ol  the 

ral  army. 

Octobas21.  Skirmishing  near   Nashville.  Tcnn.     Federal 
and  driven  into  the  city. 


■  :.<-r  22.  Pighl  at  FoootaKgo  and  Cooaafcatchifl,  S. C.     Federals 

■1  and  driven  back.    Oar  loss  22  killed  and  50  wounded.   Federal 

•■    killed  and    287  wounded. •..  .Battle  at  Maysville,  Ark.    Our 

foree.-.  defeated,   with  a  loss  of  32  killed  and.  wounded.     Federal  Jres.  7 

killed  and  19  wounded. 

October  28.  SkirmisL  near  Waverly,  Tonn.     Our  forces  defeated. 
bex  27.   Battle  of  Albemarle,    Bayou  Lafourche,  La.     A  d 
rati   fight  ooettrred    in  which  onr  forces  were  defeated  by  a  vastly  supe- 
rior force  of  Federals.     Our  loss  17  killed,  15  wounded,  and  208  tak\  n 
prisoners.     CoL  BfcPhceters  of  our  forces  was  killed  after  surrendering 

to  the  Yankees \  Confederate catnp  in  Clarkson,  Mo.,  was  surprised 

and  rented  :  4  killed  and  40  taken  prisoners. .  .  .Skirmish    at  Snicker': 
Gap,  Ya.     Federals  repulaed  and  several  killed. 

October  28.  Fight  near  Faycttcville,  Mo.  Our  forces  defeated,  with  a 

loss  of/)  killed.      Federal  loss  S  killed  and  4  wounded A  company 

of  Confederates  were  mm  prised  and  routed  with  :>  heavy  loss,  at  QoBldla. 
Fla. 

October  30.  Fight  at  Bollinger's  Mills;  Ark.  Our  forces  defeated, 
several  taken  prisoners. 

her  31.     Skirmish  near  Catlctt's  Station,   Ya.     Federals  routed. 

October  31'  bombardment  at  Lavaca,  Texas.  The  Abolitionists 
kect  tip  the  bombardment  of  the  town  Tor  two  days,  when  they  were 
forced  to  retire. 

November  1.  Battle  at  Williamston.  Our  forces  defeated  by  a  supe- 
rior force  of  the  Yankees.  Our  loss,  1  killed  and  32  wounded.  Fed- 
eral loss,  7  killed  and  '28  wounded. 

November  5.  Skirmishing  near  Warrentou,  Ya.  Our  forces  driven 
from  the  plaeo,  but  returned  again  reinforced,  and  defeated  the  Federals, 
compelling  them  to  retreat.     Federal    loss,  1  killed  and    G   wounded. 

Our  loss   none Gen.   McClellan,  of  the  Yankee  army  removed  by 

the  Government.     Gen.  Burnside  appointed  in  his  place. 

November  7.   Fight  at  Haymarket,    Ya.      Major    Andrews  attacked 
a  large  body  of  Federals,  routing  them  and  capturing  oU  prisoner-,  b 
sides  taking  a  large  amount  of  Federal  stores. 

November  7.  bight  near  Vera  Cruz,  Mo.  The  Abolitionists  <!•  oated, 
and  their,  garrison  captured,  with  800  prisoners. 

November  7.  Rkirtnish  near  Donaldsvillie,  I. a.  Abolitions  repulsed 
and  put  to  flight. 

November  8.  A  party  of  Confederate  cavalry  was  surprised  and  cap 
Hired  near  Gold  Water.  Miss.      1  M'oefcderates  wounded. 

November  9.  The  federals  made  a  raid  into  Fredericksburg,  and  were 
driven  from  the  town,  with  a  loss  oi'  5  killed  and  wounded.     Confederate 

loss,  l  killed  and  :;  wounded \  large  force  of  Federals  attempted  to 

land  at   St.  Mary's  Ga.,  and   wen-  repdlsed by  the  Confederates,    The 
Federals  afterwards  shelled  the  town. 

tfovemberll.  Fight  at  Castleruafl'a  Ferry,  Ya.  Gen.  A.  1'.  Hill  re- 
pulsed a  large  force  of  Federals  who  attempted  to  cross  the  river  at  that 
point. 

November  12.  Skinni^h  near  Nashville,  Tenn.  (kit.  Forrest  defeated 
the  Abolitionists  near  Nashville,  killing  15  and  wounding  37  —  Fight 


107 

at  Madisonville,  Ky.     Col.  Johnsons  cavalry  made  a  dash  into  the  tOwn 
Mid  scattered  the  Federals,  killing  23  and  wounding  100. 

November  l&-lo.  Fighting  near  Lebanon,  Tenn.  &en..Mbrgaq  routed 
the  Abolitionists  and  eapl  prisoners. 

November  16-17.  Skirmishing  al  Fredericksburg.  Va.  Abolitionists 
repulsed  i  n  :uivd.     Confederate  loss,  '3  killed,  7  wounded. 

November  17.  The  famous  Gen.  "Morgan  of  ilie  Confederate  army  came 
Dear  being  captured.  qeajsTyree  Spring,  Tenn.  He  succeeded  in  making 
his  escape  by  a  ra-e. 

Nov.  17-1 S.  Skirmi>hing  at  Franklin,  \  a.  "the  Abolitionists  defeated 
and  driven  back  in  several  brisk  engagements,  and  17  captured. 

November  lib  Bombardment  of  Fort  McAllister,  Genesis  Point,  Go. 
A  heavy  bombardment  by  the  Federals  was  kept  up  for  several  hours, 
when  the  Yankees  retired. 

November  27  28.  Slvirmhhing  near   Mill  Creek   and  Lavergne,  Tenn. 
A  severe  tight  took  plaee  near  Lavergne,  in  which  the  Abolitionists  were 
completely  routed,  with  a  loss  of  170  killed  and  wounded.     Confederate 
.  85  wounded. 

November  20th.  The  following  will  show  some  of  the  means  and  ap- 
pliances by  which  the  Abolitionists  are  trying  to  subjugate  the  South  and 
restore  the  Union  : 

The  World  editorially  says  it  is  not  alone  the  purpose  of  the  Adminis- 
k>n  to  subdue  the  Southern  armies,  but  to  impoverish  the  people  by  a 
wholesale.  a  of  .their  property. 

Our  e  prohibit  the  introduction  of  medicines   into   the  South. 

Since  the  Federal  occupation  of  Memphis  and  New  Orleans,  druggists  in 
those  eities  have  i  •  ted  to  the  confiscation  of  their  property  and 

to  imprison;-!-  uiSj  for  the  sale  of  medicines  that  passed  within 

our  lines. 

On  the  march  from  Corinth,  Federal  troops  set  fire  to  fields  and  fence-, 
which  communieated  to  the  houses,  etc.  Great  destruction  of  property 
'•a<ued.  The  route  of  the  army  can  be  tracked  by  the  cinder-',  blackened 
stumps  and  remains  61  dwellings  barns  and  fences,  tired  maliciously. 
The  fine  of  march  was  lighted  by  conflagrations.  Houses  were  entered 
and  pillaged  by  la  ?glers,  and    indignities  heaped    on   families 

without  regard  i"  age  or  sex. 

ncranz  intends  to  hang  all  guerillas,  and  defies  the  threatened  rebel 
I ■liation.     As  be  proa  h,   the  alternative  will    be   offered,   he 

says,  of  allegiance  tothe  Fnion,  or  forced  within  the  rebel  lines.  He  will 
apply  the  same  law  to  women  and  children.  His  idea  is  to  throw  an  im- 
mense population  on  the  South  in  order  to  consume  what  it  considers  our 
limited  supplh  rve  us  into  subjugation. 


108 

A    List  •/    A'///../,    II '<■>.„</, ,J  ,,„,/  J//.v.w'/i,/   if]    //,,■    Baffles, 
*£■  /'  //<<    War  for  the    ) 

!-<;i  ,.;,,/  [862. 


CONFEDERATE     VICTORIES. 


battles,  Skirmishes  and 
Engagement*. 


Evacuation  of  San  Antonio 
Surrender  of  Fort   Brown. 

Fori  Sumter 

Surrender  of  Fori  Bliss.  .  . 
Surrender  at   Indianola . . . 

Sewell  Point 

Fairfax  Court  Bouse 

Acquis  Creek 

Fill's  Point 

Bethel 

Vienna  

Kansas  City 

\Y\v  ( 'reck   

liomney 

Mathias  Point 

Bainesville 

Carthage 

Scary  Creek 

Bull  Run 

Manassas 

liesilla 

Fori  Stanton 

Oak  Hill 

Mathias  Point 

Hawks1  Nest 

<  !harleston 

Bailey's  ( 'ross  Roads 

Big  Creek.  Ya 

Fort  Seott 

Oanley,  or  Carnil'ax  Ferry. 
Fewiusville  

Toney's  ( 'reel 

Blue  Mills,  Mo 

Harlioursville 

Lezingtoa 

Alamosa ' 

Steamer  Fanny 

( liv,  nlirier  River 

Chicannihcomico 


Date. 


1881. 

February  .  .18 
March.... .  11 

April 13 

April US 

April 
May. 
May. 
June  . 
Juno . 
June. 

June. 
June. 
June. 
June. 
June 
Jul  v.. 
July., 
July  . 
July  . 
July  . 
July 
J  nly 


.10 

.   18 

.81 

.  l 
.  5 
.10 
.  L8 
.  17 
.  lit 
.86 
.27 
..  -1 
..  5 
.17 
.18 
.21 

.  as 

.28 

August 10 

August 15 

August  2o 

August 21 

August  — 2<» 
September. .  9 
September. .  7 
September  10 
September  1 1 
September  1 1 
September  IV 
September.  19 
Sept  iu-20-21 
September  25 
<  October  ...  .1 
October  — 3 
October. ...  5 


2  S1 

S    (a 


[5 


7o 

3 

55 

369 


265 

1 


1 

12 

200 

1 

05 

1483 


Mill 


30 


88 


150 

:>o 
5 
8 

15 

(i 

IS 

300 

;.(i 
lit 

1000 
89 


800 


In 


98 

0 

85 

8 

7 
150 

8 
20 
80 
50 
89 
30 


100 


250 
100 


100 

Cm  Ml 


250 

loo 

150 

e 


in 

808 

Km 

200 

8200 


L50 


1000 

88 

!■! 

8 

is 
850 

a 

8*0 
880 

120 


111!  I.I 

7.-,o 
BOO 


150 


50 


3500 

!7 

;:> 

32 


109 


CONFEDERATE     VICTORIES— (Continued.) 


! *»at ties,  Skirmishes  nnd 
Engagements. 


Santa  Rosa 

Mississippi  Passes 

Boliver 

Leesburg 

Rock  Castle  Ford 

Belmont , 

Piketoa 

Cnvandottc 

Upton  Hill 

Fall's  Church , 

IVnsacola 

Near   Vienna , 

Annandale 

Alleghany 

Woodsonville , 

Gen.  Price's  Retreat 

Chustenahlah 

Skirmish  on  Green  River. 


Pat( 


October 
October 
October 
October 
October 
November  .  7 
Novembers,  9 
November  19 
November 
November 
November 
November 
December 
December 
December  .  IV 
Dec.  17-18-19 
1  >eccmber  .26 
December 
1862. 
January . . 
January  . 
January  . 
January. 
February 


..12 
..16 

.  .21 
..21 


28 


Port.  Poval  Rivei 
MidQk  Creek.... 
N.  ar  Boston,  Ky. 
Ja;n ©s  Island  — 
New   <  'oncord  . . . 

Near  (ialveston February 

Near  Savannah,  Tens  Rivi 

Near  New  Madrid 

New  Creek,  \'a   

Hampton  Roads 

NeSr  Nashville 

( 'liarleston    

St.  Man's  E*ver 

Warreiiton,  Va 

I'!ea-anl 

Valverde 

Mosquito  Inlet 


.  1 

.10 

.22 

27 

l-l 

is 

March ] 

March 1 

March 6 

March  ....  8-9 
March....  8-9 

March 8 

March 25 

March...    .  15 

March is 

March 21 

March 22 

Winchester March.  ...  2:; 


Near  Jefferson  City 

Edisto  [aland 

Kappahannock  River 

Jacksonville 

Shiloh  

Near  Shiloh 

Easl  '1  eanesMe 

Skirmishing  on  Peninsula. 

Whitemarsh  foland  

Farm 


March 27 

March 29 

March 29 


O 


E2  B 


2u 


1 
36 

11 

105 

11 

5 


12 


10 
lis 

80 
419 

20 

■ 


March 

April 
April  . 
April  . 
April  . 
April., 
April   . 


...6-7 

I 

..    G-7 
19   tl 

...  .16 

...16 


•1 
1728 

1 


11 


18 


168 


]  63 


1 

8612 

i 


32 


117 


2 

2  s 

200 


230 
T8 


i 

909 


*3 


50 


15 

•4  75 

20 

47:; 

2  2u 

4:! 

0 

10 

11 

10 
4 
u5 
29 
15 
250 
16 

17 
200 

8 

45 

5 

3 

22 
15 


51 1      ^ 


P  2 


ro 


250 


230 

!• 

160 

1 


10 


4 

2585 
60 

17 

loo 


40 
835 

47 
627 

Vt 

57 


2:1 


178 
42 

60 

170 
20 

it 

230 

5 

15 

9 


45 


Hi 


50 


12 

no 

227 

iis 

30 
23 

:2r, 
15 


209 

15 


35 


20 
40 


60 

17 

loo 


200    ;,oo 
200 


70H2 

800 

Id 

28 

12 


2» 
26 

1044 

17 


110 


CONFEDERATE  VICTOB 


Rattles,  Skirmish  -  and 
nts. 


- 
_  : 

r-  .    - 


South  Mills 

Peninsula,  Va ! 

Logan  County 

Pittsburg  Landing | 

Cumberland  Gop j 

Barhamsville 

Williamsburg j 

McDowell's I 

Farmingtoo 

Parisburg 

Pollock  sville ' 

Dniry's  Bluff 

City  Point 

Near  Corinth 

Near  Warranton 

Searoy  

St.  Marks 

Front  ftoyal 

Lewisbnrg 

Garnett'e  Farm 

Winchester  

Hanover  Court  Hoi 

Seven  Pino 

Washington 

James  Wand 

Sweed'en'e  Cav< 

Uarrisburg 

Port  Republic 

Cross  Keys 

sionville 

Williamsburg  Road 

Battles  of  the  Chickahona1y 

Near  Mnrfreesboro 

•■Arkansas,"  near  Vicksb'g 

Seige  at  Vioksburg 

( 'oui'tland 

Gen.  Morgan's  raids 

Stevenson 

Near  Malvern  Hill 

TaaeweU 

Baton  Rouge  — < 

Near  Deoatur 

Culpepper  ('our!  House  .  . 

South  West  Mountain 

Lone  .lack 

London 


April. 
April . 

April 

April 


.19 

.  18 

April  .  .28-»&9 

Mav 7 

5 

....  8 
....'.>: 
10-11 
...11 
. . .  1  ■> 
...IB 


May. 

May. 
May  . 

May 
Mav 

May 


May  18-19-20 


May 

May. 

Mav 

May 

May 

Ma.N 

May 

\]  a 


,10. 

..  ..20 
.28-34 
.23  -24 
.23-S4 
....  91 

,-26-a* 


Mas   il.Jruiel 


2-5 


.11 


.  _■> 


-Turn 

JlUK' 

June 
|une 

•  Jlllic 

June 

June 

JlUK' 

June  26,  Julvl 
July 13 

July 1 

May2G,July24 

July 

June  and  July 

'July  .  .,27-30 

August.  . .  5-G 

: 5 

August 5 

Au^iist V 

August 8 

■...>■  9 
August  15-16 
August..  .  .  IV 


L6 

l:; 


Ol        C3 


-  © 


100 

I!) 


25 

•II 
90 

\sm 

8 

2 

i:. 

40 

L30 

•Id 
40 

is;,  1 1 


23 

IT 

5 

21 

2 


220 

25 

3 


L09 

1 


G5i 


19 
15 

5 

100 

171 

it:. 
36 
20 
10 
13 
8 
39 

10 

IT 


63 

232| 

2760 

I 


Ts 
16 

100 


L00 


11 
120 


LQjQ 
330 
L60 
LOO 

L65 
6920 


91 

BO 
68 

9 


!T 

40 

9 

35 

IT:: 


070 

is 


72 

160 

. 

L988 

fin 


.... 
17  .... 


130 

Ki 
'.I 

31 

!  LO 


•j 

(ill 

12 


9.T, 
800 
640 

j-Ki 

st 


800 
38 

31 
64 

ISO 


1.9 
900 
240 

17 


,'(>o 


6000 

l'JOl) 


1.;;; 
L200 


123 


111 


Ill 


CONFEDERATE  VICTORIES— (Continued.  > 


Battles,   Skirmishes  and 
Engagements, 


Date. 


( Jallat in    

Catlett's  Station 

War  Bridgeport 

! Richmond,  Ky 

Second  Battle  of  Manassas 

Near   Centreville 

Near   Williamsburg 

Cotton  Hill 

Harper's  Ferry 

HoonsbonV  (-Jap 

Xewloiiia 

Ponrhntoula 

Muinfordsvillc 

Sharpshurg I 

Sheppanlstown I 

Franklin I 

IV-rryville 

Pocotaligo  ; 

In  Tnrious  Skirmishes  dur-j 
iiie  the  last  ton  moBths. 


1892. 

August.  20- 

AiiLrnst  

August  . .  . . 
August.  291 
August.  29- 
Sept  ember 
September 
Scpt.13-14- 
Bepteniber . 
September 
September 
September 
s  ptember 
September 
September 
October  .  .  . 
<  October  . . . 
October  .  .  . 


O 


125 

1800 

45 

10 

9 

31 

GOO 


1900 

50 

7oo 


<~ 


& 

a 

w 
soo 
tooo 

l  •:.:> 
17 
15 
43 
1800 
70 


8915 

200 
15 

•20(10 
CO 


Q 


..I     40 


.  .  .  1  (• 

.  .  17s 
.  .  2(M m 

. .  55 

...  it 
. .  |     90 

60  40 

.  ..Iiooo 

, . . !     30 


sno  2ol(i 
.  .  . '  500 
...      20 

sooliofd 

.  . .     100 


-!  00  1000    0001   000  1000    1500 


°  S 

a,  n 


162 


5U 

!.-»() 

7800 

100 

300 

90 

3500 

120 
0 


9410 

2000 

18 

3000 

287 


-5  £ 
a  a 

H    "J 


35o 
213 


ropo 
"fe 


1158:; 
100 


4800 
1044 


40 
2000 


112 
FEDERAL   VICTORIES. 


fiat  ties,  Skirmishes  and 
Engaeenienl  -. 


Phillippa 

Boonville 

( tarrock's  Ford 

St.  George 

[lattefas  i 

I  •-ccol.'l 

Ohapmansville 

Fredericktou 

Port  Royal 

McCoy's  Mill 

Capture  of  Col.  Magoffin . . 

Drainsville 

Surrender  of  Fort  Smith. . 

Surrender  at  Neosho 

Frederickstown 


Hanging  Root 

Fishing  Greek 

Near  <  >ccoquan 

Bloomery 

Fori  Henry 

Roanoke 

Cobb's  Point 

Fort  I  toaelsoo 

Winton 

NYu  bern 

Kikborn 

Cumberland  Gap 

Hew  Madrid 

Near  Cumberland  Gap 

War  Cumberland  Gap  — 

Polk  County 

Union  City 

Fort  Pulaski 

Island    10 

Fort  Jackson 

Fori  Macon 

Cas^villc 

Near  Lebanon 

Lewisburg 

Gametts  Farm 

Naval  battle  aear  Memphis 

Fayetteville 

Mt".  Sterling 

Nenr  Poliv  r 


Date. 


3 
o 

5*2 


1861. 

June 

June 17 

Julv 12 

July 13 

Au-u.-t 2* 

Septet  n  bur  .21 
September .  25 
October....  21 
November  .  .7 
November.  14 
1  lecembcf  ..19 
December..  20 

April 23 

Julv 5 


18G2. 
January  ...  .5 
January  .  .  .19 
January  .  . .29 
Fobruary.  ...1 
February  .5-0 
February  . 7 -S 
February . .  10 
Feb....  14-15 
February. .  20 

March 4 

Marcb....7-8 

March 11 

March 13 

Kirch 14 

March 22 

M:irch 2(» 

torch 30 


April 
April 

April 
April 
April 
Mav  . 
Rfaj  . 
Kay. 
June 
July. 
July  . 

July. 


1 1 


...24 
...25 
'7-28 


23-24 
23  2-1 

(J 

.  ...  15 

....29 

...97 


11 


O 


'Jo 

2'.i 

57 


60 


16 


114 
9 

lo 

23 

G 

231 

7 

45 

125 

2 

in 
•j 

•2 
6 


139 


Q 

~-  £ 

SB     P 

"2.  <~-' 
S  p- 

£  c 

'     n 


500 
091 


'.Mil  I 

8 


35: 


Eg 


*$ 


2i 

2  to 


1     as.  . 

I        13  . 


85 


18 


102i 

1 

13 1 
58 

8 
1007 

5 1 
55 

■loi)l 

1 

29 
5 1 
5 

'•' 
3 

43 

125 
18 

85 

184 


L51     92 


36 

57 
2437 

5079 


202 
200 


30 
2ouo 


45 

175 

11 

L200 


L50 

300 


110 


52 


194 


60 
300 

2001)! 


150 
300 


300 
900 


58|   179 
30      71 


500 

900    3,50 

...  I     40 

47  .... 


118 

FEDERAL  VICTORIES— (Continued. ) 


Rattles,  Skirmishes  and 
Engagements. 


Orange  Court  House 

Fort  Craig 

Near  Opelousas 

Inka 

Corinth 

Albemarle 

Williamston 

In  various  skirmishes  dur- 
ing the  last  ten  month's.. 


Date. 


1802. 
August .  .. . 
Septe  ;iWt.  14, 
Sept..  ..13-1? 
Sept..  .'.  19-20 

(  ».!   ....    3-4-nfi 

Oct 27 

X(  veir.in.M-  .  .  4 


c  ] 

Bo 


*}3 

US--9-   2  a' 


.      P 
rt- 

B 


2 

05 

15 

2  OS 

1200 

17 

4 


C 


in 

275 

30 

687 

>300 

] 


P-i-3    & 

n    s  *i 

C.       «     5T 


8fi0  2500 


L'oon 
203 


is      |0 

[0    ... 

1&6I  5H2 
450  1820 


2000    500 


150 


820 


2s  .... 
1200 1  800 


TOTAL 

Confederates  killed 1 6,580 

Confederates  wounded. . .  .48,7,03 
Confederates  captured. . .  ,20,7s)3 


LOSSES. 

Federals  kil  e'd 20, 440 

Federals  won   ded 71,172 

Federals  captured 57,47'-' 


RECAPriTLATIOX. 

Total  number  of  Confederates  killed,      oundedand  prisoners 86,098 

Tot  il  number  of  Abolitionists  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners.  .  .  .101,350 

Number  of  Confederate  victories 152 

Number  of  Abolition  victoi  ies •  5-'} 

Number  of  Engagements 205 


The  probable  number  of  Confederates  who  have  did  from  sickness, 
disease,  and  from  wounds  received  in  battle,  from  t  e  commencement  ot 
the  war  to  the  present  time,  110,000. 

The  probable  number  of  Abolitionists  wbo  have  died  from  sickness, 
di-ea-e,  and  from  wounds  received  in  battle,  from  the  commencement  of 
the  war  to  the  present  time,  200,000. 


Ill 


YIKIUTIVE  OF  THE  B.ITTLE  OF  SHILOH. 

IIV  ALEX.   WALKER,    OF  THE    N.    0.    DELTA. 

To  doa  irifoc  the  battle  of  Shiloh  with  anything  like  full- 

and  distinctness,  would   be  a  task  involving  weeks  of 

examination,  study  and  investigation  of  facts  and  reports. 

There  has  rarch  been  fought  sneli  a  battle  in  modern  times, 

rdiiig  the  extent  of  the  fighting,  the  character  of  the 

.  onihat.   its   duration,   obstinacy  and  the  disregard  of  the 

in;:rv  rules  of  modern  and  scientiiie  warfare.  Though 

ral'ly  planned,  and  arranged  on  scientific  principles, 

circumstances    converted   the    battle,  into   a  hand-to-hand 

of   38,000  men  against  65,000,  in  which  for  more 

twelve  hours  every  individual  of  that  38,000   was  en- 

d.     Such  a  battle  will  have  to  be  described  as  it  was 

•it  in  detail,  and  it.  can  only   be  done   by  one  who  has 

Line  and  industry  to  collect  the  reports  of  reliable  per- 

wlio  witnessed  all  the  various  details.   J.  can  only  hope 

you  from  ray  own   observations  some  general    and 

vague  idea  of  the  main  contest. 

..■•  time  pa^t  the  enemy  had  been  collecting  a  large 

iq  the     Ten ;u. -see   river,  near   Pittsburg,  twenty-two 

I  ova  Corinth.     There  he  had  established  an  immense 

encampment,  extending  for  miles  along  the  river,  between 

two  creeks,  <  Kvl  Creek  on  the  north  and  Lick  Creek  on  the 

•  >uth.     These  camps  fronted  from  the  river,  and  rested  tin- 

m    Owl   ('reek  and   the   left  on   Lick  Creek.     The 

country  in  which  this  encampment  was  established  is  a  high, 

rolling  land,   heavily    wooded-.     The   camps  were  about   a 

mile  from  the  river.     Pittsburg  was  the   landing  place  for 

their  boats,  and  several  gunboats  protected  their  camps  on 

the  river  Bide,     From  Pittsburg  run  two  main  roads,  one  to 

the  north-west  to  l'urdy,  a  small  town  some  rive  or  six  miles 

i  the  Mobile  and  Ohio  Railroad,   and  the  other  to  the 

■outh-woKt,  to  Corinth,  twenty  miles.     About  half  wav  on 


it 


116 

this  latter  road  is  a  place  railed  Monterev.  where  several 
roads  unite.  The  enemy  had  already  been  < -t.ibl Nh,-.(1  on 
the  Tennessee  river,  and  had  aftgniettteH  Hk  fe>rce  to  m&t 
formidable  proportions  before  onr  armv  I,,--,,,,  t.,  concen- 
trate at  Corinth.  The  march  of  BiieM  'from  Crtlunilin,  in 
the  same  direction  indicated  a  uni-pose  to  seliUfe  tforinrh,  the 
possession  of  which  would  haw  git^t  hin,  control  ot'our 
lines  of  communication  tVoni  Memphis  and  Hie  South  with 
Virginia  and  (Wariest,,,,.  If,,  had  afreacfv  he^jn  fi.  feel  h", 
way  towards  Corinth,  by  sending  large  rWnhoitering  par- 
ties, which  advanced  as  for  as  Monterev.  abohttvYeW  miles 
from  Corinth.  The  enthusiasm  with  whi-h  ..„,-  volunteers 
responded  to  the  call  of  Beauregard  soon  Gtmbfed  btif  -m- 
erals  to  collect  quite  a  formidable  ffiree  at  OorThih,  wfridiit 
was  determined  to  defend  at  all  hazards.  Bfag$  broii^ta 
tine  body  of  troops   from   Alabama:     folk    :,,  ,,-..>, 

portion  of  his  force  to  the  same  point  :  Johnston  advanced 
several  of  his   divisions   in   i|„.  direction,   and  several  o 
and  hastily  raised  regiments,   including  som.    eight    or'teft 
from  Louisiana,  were  sent  forward  to  thi-   general  render 
vous.     Iu    a    few    days,    Gen,    Johnston,    dn    repairing  to 
Corinth,  found  himself  at  the  head  of  a  tine  arm  v.  toierablv 
disciplined,  and  full  of  ardor  and  zeal.     In  the  meantime, 
the  enemy,  discovering  our  movements.  bedfeViie  more  cau- 
tious  and  hesitating,  and  the  roads  being  htapfessible,  qui<  tfj 
settled  down  in  his  camp,  determined  toWaH  Ibt  the  an: 
ofBuell    and  for  better  road*  to   advance.     It>as, tlndbr 
these  circumstances  that  our  generals    -Beamv  -ml  hart 
joined  Johnston  at  Corinth—  determined  in  comtcil  to  make 
an  attack  on  the  enemy  before  BmJI   cainc  Up.      Tie    arm. 
was  divided  into  three  corps— the   first   eorp>  Commanded 
by  Polk,  the  second  by  Bra--   the  third  by  Hardee^-Jobn 
ston  Commander-in-Chief,  Beau,,-ard  second  in  command 
and  Bragg   Chief  of  Staff.     The   froopg  irere  ordered  to 
cook,  five    days"   rations,    and.    without    baggage,    to  nioVti 
forward   by   the    various   roads   that   converge  ju-t  beyond 
Monterey  and  attack  the  enemy  in  hit  eamp,  in  the  foil. 


rder:    Hardee,  x\ 1 1 1 1  a  division  oi  his  own  corps  and 

>  make  the  main  attack,  cov- 
ilir  win-!-'  front  of  the  enemy,  Eiugglee's  division 
and  the  other  brigades  of  Bragg  ware  to  support  this  attack, 
whilst  Breckinridge  was  to  march  up  from  Lkirasvillc,  and 
take  positiou  on  our  right,  preventing  tlic  enemy  from 
flanking  in  that  direction  ;  whilst  Clark's  division,  of  J'olk*s 
corps,  should  cover  our  ie A  Hank.  The  other  division  pi 
Polk,  Cheatham's  was  to  move  from  l'nrdy,  so  as  to  clear 
that  direction  of  any  trgop*  of  the  enemy  which  might 
threaten  n-1  from  that  quarter  and  take  up  a  position  on  on* 
left  flank.  It  had  been  reported  thai  Wallace's  division  of 
the  ehemy  .-till  occupied  Borne  position  on  the  road. 

T^jiff  was  thje general  order  of- the  battle.  An  eloquent 
and  inspiriting  order  was  issued  b\  Gen.  Johnston,  which 
was  read  at  the  head  of  the  various  commands. 

On  Thursday  the  various  divi&iona  took  up  their  line  of 
march.  No  vehicles  lmt  ambulances  and  a  few  forage 
were  allowed  in  the  column.  The^roads^wete 
i     i  and  the  ;id\  anee  ol' tin- 'army  was  very  ak)W.    The 

great  deficiency  of  our  engineering  department  was  seri- 
ously felt.  Thd  streams  were  poorly  bridged,  and  the 
various  vehicles  losnd  it  very  difficult  to  make  their  way 
<\ver  the  deep  ruts  i  n  !  he  road.  Thus  t  wo  days  were  con- 
•'unicd  in  the  march,  the  nights  being  cokj  and  rainy,  and 
the  troops  having  to  bivouac  in  the  woods,  with  a  very 
in-mtlicicnt  supply  ol  food,  for  lew  had  had  time  or  the 
material  to  cook  their  five  days'  rations,  and  many,  to 
lighten  their  load   .  threw  away  that  which  they  had.    These 

untoward  crif<  uroetauces,  however^  produced  not  the  slight- 
est etfeel  upon  t  In-  spirits  of  the  army.  Indeed,  the  enthu- 
siasm of  our  -alhoit  troops  grew  warmer  and  stronger  with 
.•very  discomfort  and  obstacle;.  On  Friday  the  ears  of  our 
soldier.;  vyerc  delighted  with  the  sound  of  a  rattling  lire  in 
front.  It  was  evidently  a  prolonged  skirmish,  and  t'\i<\-\ 
body  was  eagef  to  know  what  was  g<  in<>-  on. 

It  was  not  long  before  the  news   Hew   down   our  column 


m 

that  the  .'iinnv  was  only  a  few  miles  in  front,  an<l  that  Our 
cavalry  had  had  a  brisk  skirmish  with  them,  and  had  killed 
several  and  taken  some  prisoners.  The  troth  of  this  was 
presently  confirmed  hy  the  appearance  ofbhe  of  cue  mount- 
ed men  leading  rapidly  down  the  road  up  which  Ruggles  8 
column  was  struggling,  a  tine  looking  young  ollieer  in  the 
Federal  uniform,  without  a  hat.  He  had  been  slightly 
contused  on  the  forehead,  and  as  he  galloped  along  our 
columns,  lie  gave  our  men  a  very  bold,  defiant  look.  lie 
proved  to  he  Lieut.  Oyer,  an  Aid  o\'  (Jen.  Uuchner,  ofthc 
Federal  army,  who  had  keen  eaptureit whilst  reCohnoitering 
hy  Clanton's  Cavalry.  Our  men  treated  the  brave  looking 
fellow  with  proper  respect.  Shortly  afterwards  another 
otlieer.  of  still  higher  grade,  wa-  Led  hy  on  horseback.  Tins 
was  Major  Crocket!,  of  Illinois.  Immediately  hehind  him 
came  two  Texan  horsemen,  with  bheirShsbrpe  rifles  <  1 1 1< •< ■  t •  •  1 
to  the  unfortunate  captive,  a  most  unnecessary  precaution, 
considering  tha1#he  captives  were  in  the  midst  of  a  greal 
army  o\'  their  enemy.  This  offiu  or  was  a  smiling,  pleasant 
looking  gentleman,  and  as  he  passed  our  several  regimen- 
tal commanders  he  sainted  and  was  saluted  bt  them.  Halt- 
ing near  the  head  of  the  Crescent  Keginicnt.  he  tainted 
Col.  Smith,  remarking,  as  he  surveyed  our  Crescent  b'pj 
"  A  tine  set  of  fellows  you  have.  Colonel;  it'  they  were  ii# 
blue,  I  should  take  them  for  my  own  hoys."  Following 
these  officers  were  some  eighteen  or  twenty  other  prisoner?, 
who  rode  hehind  their  captors',  members  of  Clontbn's  Cav- 
alry. This  little  eireumstanccproduccd  considerable  vivacity 
along  our  lines. 

Friday  night  found  our  troorte  bivouacked  a  few  miles 
beyond  Monterey,  [t  was  a  most  uncomfortable  night, 
cold,  dark  and  rainy — ami  our  troops  greatly  wearied  by 
the  day's  march,  lay  down  to  sleep  imppcrless.  Early  the 
next  day,  Saturday,  the  troops  were  all  in  motion,  towai 
the  road  leading  to  Michie'fl  I r < * u  «  .  which  was  tin  converg- 
ing point  ^\'  all  the  divisions.  Tlv  various  division  had 
reached  the  vicinity  of  this  point   hy   different    roads,   and 


lis 

v  ;ill  reported  to  be  in  position,  or  near  at  hand,  for  ini- 
mediate  action.  JJragg's  corps  had  come  up  by  the  Farin- 
ington  road.  Polk's  1 1 \-  the  straight  road  from  Corinth  to 
Pittsburg.  Cheatham  was  advancing  .by  the  Purdy  road, 
and  Breckinridge  was  defiling  into  the  Monterey  road,  to 
bring  up  tlie  rear  of  the  army.  The  firing  of  two  guns 
during  the  i ; I -_r  1 1 1  had  signaled  the  advance  of  Hardee's 
position  near  the  enemy's  outposts.  The  various  columns 
being  drawn  up  in  the  road,  Gen.  Johnston  and  Staff,  and 
1 1 en.  Beauregard  and  iStaff.  rode  by  and  were  greeted  with 
loud  cheers*  • 

After  breakfast  uii  Saturday  morning  the  various  divi- 
sion- began  to  move  forward  on  the  Pittsburg  road  from 
Michie's  house,  to  take  up  position  in  front  of  the  enemy, 
preparatory  tp  the  attack  the  next  day.  The  camp  of  the 
emniy  was  six  miles  off,  and  the  plan  contemplated  the 
occupying  his  whole  front  between  the  two  creeks,  with  one 
or  two  division-,  with  strong  Hanking  columns  on  the  right 
and  left. 

All  Saturday  was  consumed  in  the  marching  of  the  col- 
umn-. Hardee  s  division  was  already  in  front;  next  came 
Braggs  Corps,  which  being  the  strongest,  occupied  several 
hours  in  passing.  A  gallanter  body  of  men,  more  spirited, 
0-esoived  and  enthusiastic,  never  marched  forth  to  battle. 
Gladden  had,  with  his  usual  promptitude,  already  passed 
before  we  reached  the  spot  where  we  could  command  a 
\i  \v  i>l'  the  column.  Next  came  the  brigade  of  Mississip- 
pian .-.  mid  T  that  heroic  and  indefatigable  officer,  whom  I 
had  met  a  \'vw  days  before  on  his  way  homeward  to  recover 
his  broken  health,  Gen.  Chalmers.  He  had  heard  that 
ther  •  was  to  he  a  fight  and  had  hurried  back  to  lead  his 
brigade.  Though  very  pale  and  feeble  his  dark  eye  was  lit 
up  by  martial  tire,  and  his  diminutive  and  frail  form  ap- 
peared  full  of  vigor  and  vitality.  The  Mississippians 
marched  forward  at  a  miick  step  in  their  usual  rollicking 
bold  style,  overfl.pwi.9g  W^L  impatient  and  long  pent  up 
ardor  for  the  tight,  the  promise   of  which   had   reconciled 


11© 

them  to  their  long  and  tedious  camp  service  at  Peristole. 
Each  corps  had  its  separate  battle-flag.     That  of  Harden 
was  a  blue  ground  with  a  white  globe  or  circle.   thai  of 
Bragg  was  our  ordinary  battle-flag,  with  yellow  trimmim 
that  of  Polk  was  a  tasteful  banner  of  light  blue  with  white 
stars  on  a  red  ground.     They  were   distinct  and  easily  re- 
cognizable   at  a    distance.     Ruggles's    division    followed 
Chalmers  brigade,  which  brought  up  the  rear  of  Wifher's 
division.     Of  course   I   surveyed  this  tine  body  of  troop'* 
with  special  interest,  as  it  contained  our  gallant  boys.     Our 
regiments  all  appeared  in   the  best   condition.     The   ft 
were  full  of  life   and  joy,   and  never  marched    better  fior 
seemed  in  better  condition.     They  could    be    easily  distin- 
guished from  the  other  regiments  by  their  neater  ttressj  tn 
more  soldierly  bearing,  and  their  more  orderly  marching. 
The  Crescents  and  Orleans  Guards   eould  scarcely  reistr: 
their  buoyancy,  but  double  quicked  it  across  the  field  in  f  I 
gayest  style.     The  Washington  Artillery  boys  brought  up 
the  rear  of  one  of  the  brigades,  ami  though  with  two  horse* 
less  to  their  guns  than  the  other  batteries,  they  moved  wfth 
ease  and  rapidity  over  the  rough   roads.     Pond's  and  An- 
derson's brigades,  of  Ruggles's  division,  passed;     Gib  on'* 
brigade  brought  up  the  rear,  and  a  splendid  brigade  it  was, 
composed  of  those  noble  regiments,  the  4th  and  18th  I 
isiana,  an  Arkansas  and  a  Tennessee  regiment,   and  a  ■ 
tery.     As  the  large  and   splendid  4th    Louisiana    mafel 
by,  the  gallant  Col.  H.  W.  Allen  leading  it.  the  bra- -  I 
of  the  regiment  struck  Up  a  lively  air,    but    the   < 
shouted   "Stop  that  music,"  and  then  turn mg  to  the  lm 
he  said,  "Wait,  boys,  until  this  light  is  over,  and  th 
may  play  either  the  Dead  March  or  the  Bonnie  Blue  V 
All  the  Louisiana    troops   had   filed   by   excepi  one 
ment.     So  large  a  body  of  the  gallant .youth  of  our  Ptat'e, 
embracing  the  sons  of  our  best  citizens,   the   very  soul 
life  of  our   rising  generation,   the   rose  and  exi  of 

our  fair  estate,  going  forth  to  battle  against  a  hireling  !• 
of  invaders,  who  had  come  to  desolate  our  homes,  so  many 


120 

of  tin  in  mere  boys,  raised  to  comfort,  ease  and  luxury,  all 
unaccustomed  to  deadly  strife,  unused  to  war's  dread  reali- 
ties, could  not  but  suggest  melancholy  reflections.  But 
there  is  uo  time  now  for  such  reflections.  Honor  and  duty 
call  them  forth.  Terrible  as  is  the  sacrifice,  it  can  not  be 
denied  bo  our  country,  our  honor  and  our  homes. 

Rugglea's  division  was  followed  by  Gen.  Polk's  two  di- 
visions of  uiue  regiments  each,  the  first  led  by  (Jen.  Charles 
Clark,  of  Mississippi,  and  the  other  by  the  gallant  and 
elegant  Cheatham.  These  divisions  were  composed  chiefly 
of  Tennessee  troops,  and  appeared  to  be  well  drilled  and 
in  fine  condition  for  the  fight.  In  one  of  them  we  noticed 
the  splendid  buttery  of  Capt.  Smith  P.  Bankhead,  which 
has  already  earned  such  high  distinction  for  efficiency  and 
drill.  There  was  an  interval  of  half  an  hour  after  the 
march  of  Polk's  column  before  the  splendid  division  of 
Breckinridge  appeared  in  the  road.  .  It  consisted  of  Crit- 
tenden's division  and  Breckinridge's  brigade,  and  was  as 
noble  a  body  of  men  as  ever  marched  forth  to  battle. 

The  Kentucky  regiments,  especially,  were  composed  of 
stalwart  men  who,  in  their  appearance  and  bearing,  showed 
high  Mate  of  military  drill  and  efficiency.  Their  gallant 
<1  nef  looked  every  inch  the  General — self-possessed,  calm 
and  earnest — his  tall  figure,  resolute  air,  and  noble  counten- 
ance, inspired  all  beholders  with  admiration,  confidence  and 
respect  And  this  closed  the  column  of  our  army,  which 
was  followed  by  a  long  train  of  wagons  and  ambulances. 
On  summing  up  the  totals  of  the  various  divisions  and 
brigades  "which  made  up  the  column,  including  several 
regiments  and  squadrons  of  horse  which  had  been  sent 
forward  by  various  routes,  we  made  the  effective  force  of 
the  army  thirty-eight  thousand  men  .and  about  fifty  pieces 
of  artillery — most  of  them  small  guns.  But  few  of  the 
batteries  hud  ever  been  under  tire.  This  number,  too,  in- 
eluded  about  four  thousand  cavalry,  which,  from  the  nature 
of  the  ground,  could  lmrdly  be  made  available ;  and,  as  the 
event-  of  the  battle  proved,  added  but  little  to  the  effective 


121 

force  of  the  army.     Tlie   principal    of  these    cavalre  corps 

were  Wirt  Adams',  Clanlou's  and  Terry's  Regiments',  tne 
Alabama  Horse,  l>enuett's  Mounted  Riflemen,  Nforgan*s 
squadron,  and  several  other  troops— all  admirable  lii^li t 
cavalry,  well  mounted  and  well  armed.  The  .IcH'ersoi, 
Horse,  Captain  Drenx,  had  been  detailed  as  an  escort  fbr 
(ion.  Beauregard. 

That  higfet  the  army  bivouacked  near  the  eriemV'S  ont 
posts.  It  was  the  only  pleasant  night  sinee  we  had  left 
Corinth,  and  though  the  ground  was  damp  and  the  atm>> 
phere  raw,  there  was  no  rain,  and  for  once  we  fonnd  a  bed 
or  leaVe's!  in  the  woods  not  disagreeable.  Our  bravo  sol- 
diers went  to  sleep  without  suppers  or  camp  lircs,  and 
dreamed  of  their  happy  home;-  and  dear  friends,  in  the  vffry 
face  of  a  vindictive  and  hostile  enemy,  within  distinct 
hearing  of  their  drums,  and  even  of  the  call  of  their  senti- 
nels. The  quiet  and  silence  that  reigned  through  the  dark 
forests  were  solemnly  impressive,  and  suggested  hfany pain- 
ful reflections  and  anxieties,  which,  despite  fatigue  and 
exhaustion,  long  banished  sleep  from  our  eyelids  and  tilled 
even  our  few  hours  of  slumber  with  disquieting  visions  and 
ghastly  dreams. 

THE  BATTLE  OF  THE  SIXTH  OF  APRIL. 

Providence  seemed  to  interpose  in  behalf  of  our  army,  in 
all'ording  them  one  pleasant,  dry  nightsinec  their  departure 
from  Corinth,  on  the  eve  of  the  great  battle,  the  anticipa 
tion  i^(  which  had  sustained  our  soldiers  under  the  terrible 
fatigue,  discomforts  and  deprivations  of  their  three  days' 
tedions  march.  The  men  had  slept  soundly  in  the  deep, 
dark  recesses  of  the  unbroken  forest  between  Owl  and  fjicfc 
Creeks.  With  the  first  streak  of  daylight  visible  through 
the  light  mist  thai  ascended  from  the  wood-,  they  SprttUg 
fr<fii  their  lairs  to  arms,  and  every  man  took  hi*  posftibh 
in  line,  and  prepared  for  th  •  onset.  The 
and  enthusiasm  prevailed  throughout  the  who!,  army. 
Already  a  rattling  Are  {fcfftie.  two  miles  in   front  proclaimed 


122 

that  Hardee  had  opened  the  l»all.      First,    a    Jew   scattering 
slu.t-  were  board,     Quickly  volley-  of  platoons  succeeded, 
.mil  soon  the  fire  extended  and   increased,  until  the  rolling 
ri']>ort<  of  long  linos  of  musketry  could  l>c  distinctly  recog- 
nized.  This  eontinued  for  nearly  an  hour,  and  was  followed 
by  a  lull  and  pause  of  some  minutes.  The  order  then  cane- 
along  the  lines  of  all  the  divisions  to  forward  at  quickstep. 
The  whole  army  was  now  in  motion.  The  woods  werealive 
with  troops,  and  the  various  lines  were  well  preserved,  and 
moved  forward  as  it   mi  parade,      The  word  came  from  the 
from.    "  Hardee  is  at  it,  hot  and  heavy  ;    press,  forward  the 
other  divisions  to  support   him."'     The  day  began  now  to 
brighten,   and    the    troops    moved    forward    with  alacrity. 
Proceeding  from  the   rear,    We   passed  through  the  lines  of 
Breckinridge  and  Cheatham,  the  latter  fronting  towards  Owl 
Creek,  M  it   to  cover  our  left  think,  and  the  former  skirling 
Lick  Creek  and  keeping  a  shai  u  look  on  that  tlank  ;  whils! 
between  these  two  column-  W.ithers,  with  several  brigade.-, 
and  Kuggles.  with  kla  heavy  division,  and  Clark,  with  Polks 
Iir.-t  division,  covered  lie  whole  front  between  the  thinking 
division.-.      It  was  cheering  and   inspiriting,  indeed,    to  ob- 
serve their  calm,  determined  air,  and  the  unbounded  enthu- 
siasm and  confidence  with  which  the  men  followed  them-- 
(  'hcaihain.  Bitting  on  his  hur-r  with  a  lounging  air,  smoking 
bis  cigar.  Mailing  and  shouting  to  his  aids,  as  it'  on  a  holi- 
day hunt — .Breckinridge,   erect  and   precise  in  his  carriage, 
lowering  in  height  above  his  staff,  calm  as  a  summer  morn, 
circumspect,  wary  nnd  oh-crvant.      In  this   order  the  army 
moved  quickly  forward.    And  now  the  volume  o['  the  tiring 
in  from:  began    to  swell    and   extend   over   the   whole  area. 
>o(,n  the  big  guns  began  to  join  in    the   horrid  concert,  at 
lirst  as  slowly  as  the  notes  of  the    basso    in   an    opera    rise 
above  the  softer  tone    of  the   barrytoue   and    tenor,   at  first 
.-lowly    and    regularly,    but   soon    in    rapid  Miceession  as  if 
whole    batteries  had   got   to  work.      "That   is    Robinson's 
battery  ;  there  goes  Ketchum's,"  exclaimed  scores  of  anxious 
listeners.     On    foot,    through    the  dark  woods,  over  gently 


123 

rolling  mills — now  and  then  through  small  open  fields,  we 
pushed  forward,  with  the  purpose   of  reaching  the  rear  pi 
Ituggles'  line.  To  this  we  were  impelled  partly  by  curiosity. 
be  see  how  our  hoys  would  bear  themselves  in  the  perilous 
drama,  so  actively  opened,  but  still  more,  by  the  strongest 
of  all  human    motives,    to  be   near  a  youth   of  sixteen,  in 
whose  fate  we  had  a  special  interest.     For  some  distance, 
as  we  advanced,   we   could   see  no  signs   of  the  crash  and 
conflict  which  had  preceded  us,  yet  we  knew  we  were  fol- 
lowing the  course  of  Hardee's  division.     Suddenly,  how- 
ever, while  stepping  over  a  small  stream,  we  stumbled  over 
the  first  reminder  of  the    skirmish   which    had  opened  the 
ball.     Jt  was  the  bdfly   of  one    of  our   soldiers,   a  stalwart 
Tennesseean,  in  the  brown  jean   uniform   usually  worn  by 
our  troops.     He  had  been   shot  through  the  head  and  his 
tin  cup  was  full  of  blood  and  brains,  evidently  a  victim  of 
fli*1  enemy's  sharp-shooters,  the  woods  in  front  being  admi- 
rably adapted  for  this  sort  of  fighting.  As  we  passed  aloi^, 
we  observed    other  dead  bodies  in  the  woods.     From  the 
uniform they  were  evidently  our  own  men.     This   was  not 
encouraging,  but  we  could  easily  understand  that,  in  driving 
in  the  enemy's  scouts,  Hardee's   skirmishers  had   labored 
under  great  disadvantage  in  fighting  men  who  had  selected 
their  positions  and  fired  from  ambuscades  and  from  behind 
trees.     Arriving   in   sight  of  Kuggles'  line,  we  concluded 
that  OS  there  were  already  two  lines  in  front,  we  should  still 
be  some  distance  from  the  scene  of  conflict.   Still  the  filing 
•  ceiued  to  be  very  near,  perilousl J  So,  it  appeared  to  an  un- 
armed   spectator    und    non-combatant.      Yet    our   fatigued 
condition  in  the  effort  to  catch  up  with  the  line,  gave  warn- 
ing that  what  we  regarded  a  reserve  would  9000  fcepreefpt- 
ted  into  the  action.     We   halted   and  were   resting  upon  n 
iVu ••<>.  in  view  of  one  of  Kuggles'  brigade-.      \Y<-  < -ould  re- 
cognize it  from  the  light  uniforms  of  the   Confederate  B»1 
talion    occupying   the    center.      It    was    the    brigftcta   of  J. 
l'atton  Anderson. 
The  line  had  halted  and  were  resting,  many  of  the  men 


1-1 

I  villi:  down    -iaku  ,  .,    |Jj      .  |  ,:     .:.-,,iin-     t.»  |  he  hea\  v 

«'".  lo  the  right  .Suddenly,  however,  we  and  they 
Uviv  •  fi'oUi    ill  ■     of  iiiiwu  i ■•■-«     .runty,  by   a 

fcfcmonaora  discharge  of  artillery,  accompanied  by  a  pro- 
longed rattle  of  niuskatry.     It  appeared  bo  borne  from  the 

Froul  pf  the  brigade  -and  fhrough  the  field  enclosed 
by  lids  fence,  «>n  which  ivc  gaJ  il:.'iv  swept  a  tempest  of 
canister,  and  Minie,  while  small  slicll  exploded  in  every 
direction.  This  was  more  iliai*  we  had  bargained  fori  We 
had  made  the  coinpiqn  mistake,  of  .-vitv  body  in  lhat  bat- 
tle, of  imagining  thai  H  wtmld  be  fougjil  by  ihe  utecyhc 
coiifllcl  of  advancing  limv  v.iih  reserves  to  oe  called  into 
action  after  the  e^hau^tiyn  of  the  fror*  or  main  line;-;.  It 
Was  now  hardly  breakfast  time  and  our  armies  were  already 
in  the  midst  of  the  (ighfc  At  iirst  we  sought  the  shelter  of 
a  large  tr.ee,  thinking  that  it  was  a  sate  cover,  but  the  ernel 
Minies  with  their  devilish  screeeh  seemed  to  come  from 
every  direction,  and  we  eonld  hear  them  and  the  grape,  sliot 
cjittyig  through  the  Itrandies  of  t lie  trees.  There  was  no 
shelter  short  of  an  old  cotton  shed,  ahont  twolmndrcd  yards 
to  the  real-.  To  this  we  hastened  across  the  field,  over 
which  the  halls  and  shells  still  swept.  Gaining  the  shed, 
we    found    that    it    had    already    been  occupied  by  several 

glers  and  wounded  men  from  Anderson's  brigade 
W'c  ppuld  perceive  the  eil'eet  whieli  the  sudden  opening  of 
a  masked  battery  and  of  a  large  foree  of  musketry  had 
produced  upon  Anderson's  line.  The  men  who,  a  minute 
before,  were  lying  on  the  ground  in  a  slate  of  perfect  secu- 
rity, were  now  all  on  their  feet,  and  not  a  few  of  them  were 
breaking  to  the  rear.  The  effect  of  so  sudden  and  terrible 
a  lire  from  an  iiivi.-ible  foe  was  very  startling  and  disheart- 
ening. A  -real  many,  too,  had  been  killed  and  wounded 
by  this  lire.  Xo  wonder  the  simple-minded  Floridians 
were  broken  and  many  of  them  hurried  to  the  rear.  Soon 
we  saw  an  aid  galloping  to  the  rear,  and  as  he  passed  lie 
hallooed  out,  k'  Where  is  the  Washington  Artillery  V  We 
pointed  to  the  rear,  where  we  had  seen  our  battery  struggling 


125 

over  a  very  bad  road.  Meantime  Hie  gallant  Anderson  was 
galloping  down  the  front  of  his  lines,  cheering  and  assuring 
his  men  and  restoring  order.  Still  we  could  see  many 
stragglers,  and  many  of  them  availed  themselves  of  the 
cotton  shed  which  we  had  occupied.  It  was  a  source  of 
proud  satisfaction  to  observe  that,  though  Anderson's 
brigade  was  composed  chiefly  of  Louisiana  troops,  there 
were  no  Louisianians  among  the  stragglers.  I'm!  now, 
hurrah  !  Here  come  the  "Washington  Artillerists,  tearing 
through  the  woods  like  madmen — the  strong  voice  of 
Hodgson  ringing  above  the  rattle  of  the  wheels,  and  the 
gallant  form  of  the  intrepid  SJocomb,  conspicuous  on  his 
noble  charger,  urging  them  forward.  With  terrible  speed 
the  battery  rushed  forward,  and  reaching  the  position 
assigned  to  it,  wheeled  into  battery,  and  with  wonderful 
celerity  all  six  guns  opeiiecj.  Tbe  lire  was  terrific.  The 
enemy  opened  in  response  from 'his  masked  battery. 

The  lookers  on  were  breathless  with  anxiety  for  the 
issue  of  this  artillery  dfiel.  This  curiosity,  however,  was. 
soon  relieved  by  the  grateful  and' familiar  yells  of  Our  men. 
which,  with  the  receding  fire  of  the  enemy,  we  had  no  diffi- 
culty in  interpreting.  The  enemy  had  been  uncovered  : 
they  could  not  stand  the  fire  of  our  famous  battery,  and 
were  rapidly  retiring.  The  stragglers  from  Anderson's 
brigade  could  now  be  seen  stealing  back  to  their  lines. 
Hut,  alas  I  a  great  many  are  lefi  behind,  poor  fellows — 
lorn,  bleeding,  limping.  And  here  the  horrors  of  war 
began  to  glare  upon  us.  The  roads  were  full  of  the 
wounded  seeking  surgeons,  ami  inquiring;  for  hospitals. 
And  these  were  only  the  wounded  of  a  small  brigade,  and 
of  an  incident  of  a  battle  which  was  now  raging  all  ov<t 
the  field.  Anderson's  brigade  having  pro  ed  forward  in 
the  direction  of  very  heirvj  firing,  lye  conchuled  to  take 
another  course,  and  ;f» -eordiiigly  pa  ^  d  further  to  the  right, 
in  the  hope  of  catching  up  with  I'ond's  brigade,  which  in- 
cluded bur  own  Crescent  and  Orleaji'd  tJuard-.  lint,  we 
>n  became  confused  in  the"  den  i    fori    I  an  I  lost  ottr  b< 


1 26 

in<j\     The  woods   were  full   of  meu,   some,   in  regiments, 
some  in  detachments,    nil  pressing   forward  with  ardor  and 
i  agerness,     There  was  an  equal  number,  .-lowly  wending 
their  way  to  tin*   rear]  singly,  sometimes  in  small  parties. 
:md    frequently  in    throes    and '  couples.      These    were    the 
wounded,  hurrying  to  the  hospital.      This  was  the  most  dis- 
tressing  sjffRt  of  all.     The  dead  bodies  of  the   slain   soon 
hecame    familiar,    and    excited    little   interest   <>r  attention. 
But  the  poor,  limping,  bleeding    hoys — supported    by  com- 
panions, or  frequently  making  their  way  alone — some  borne 
in  blankets  and  6n  litters,  and  others   riding  horses  led   by 
comrades,  aroused   the   warmest    sympathy   and  pity,  and 
-ubdued    the    excitement    and    enthusiasm    of   coniliet    to 
despondency  and  sorrowfulness.      Hut   this   is   no   time  lor 
these  feelings  :  such  is  the  fortune  of  war.     It  is  consoling 
to  see  how   bravely  our  boys  bear  up    under  their  misfor- 
tunes and  the  agony  of  dreadful   wounds;    many   of  them 
are    smiling  and    happy   as  if  returning    from   a   pleasure 
part\.      "Well,  they  have  poppo<>  me.  this  time,"  exclaimed 
.►ne  poor  fellow  with  a  ball  through  his  face,  "but  I  will  he 
al  them  arrain."      "Hallo,   Bill,"  shouted  in  a  faint  voice,  a 
half-grown  country  bOy  from  an  ambulance,  to  a  friend  on 
toot    who   was   homing    up  his   shattered   arm.  "they  have 
hrbke   mv  thigh,    but   it   is   in   a    glorious   cause."     Many 
with  slight  wounds  are  hurrying  rapidly  to  the  hospitals  to 
have   their  wound*  dressed,  so  that  they  may  get   back  in 
tine-    to    haw    a    chance    to  "get  even"  with   the    Yankees. 
But  few.  indeed,  exhibited  any  great  despondency,  and  all 
bore  u]!    with    wonderful    fortitude   under  their   atllictioiiB. 
And  now  we  could  perceive  that  we  had  reached  the  neigh 
bofebood  oi    the    main  attack    by    Hardee.      The  battle  still 
raged  in    trout    with    uninterrupted    and    augmenting  fury. 
Kumors  came   that  we    were  driving  the  enemy  back,    and 
had  gained  his  camp.      Our  whole  annv  was  pressing  for 
ward.      Lines    which    I    hail    passed    hours    ago    were   now 
hurrying  by.      I  could  see  Polk's  blue  banner  far  away    to 
the  left,  and  a  dark  line  to  the  right  double-quicking  it  for- 


127 

ward.  I  concluded  it  was  Breckinridge  moving  forward  to 
relieve  Hardee's  exhausted  and  shattered  column.  And 
well  it  might  he  torn  and  exhausted,  for  that  division  had 
had  the  first  and  hardest  part  of  the  work  to  do,  and  nobl}- 
it  had  done  it.  Rushing  to  their  arms,  ns  soon  as  they 
could  see  ten  paces  ahead  of  them  in  the  searcel}*  perceptible 
dawn,  TTardee  had  pushed  speedily  forward  with  his  skir- 
mishers, and  soon  oecame  engaged  with  the  enemy.  The 
enemy  skirmished  well  and  vigorously.  His  men  could 
select  their  position.  Our  men  had  to  advance  in  open  and 
"exposed  order.  The  Yankees,  availing  themselves  of  the 
trees  and  every  convenient  cover,  kept  up  a  constant  galling 
fire.  But  Hardee  had  no  time  for  this  trifling,  and  pushed 
forward  his  line,  driving  the  cloud  of  skirmishes  before 
him,  and  thus  advanced  about  a  mile.  Here  he  perceived 
the  enemy  drawn  up  in  line  in  excellent  Order,  with  bat- 
teries strongly  ported',  and  in  great  force.  This  was  what 
t  ho  cool,  skillful  and  scientific  Hardee  wanted.  He  had 
never  had  his  opportunity  in  this  war.  Always  assigned 
to  posts  where  large  bodies  of  troops  had  to  be  disciplined 
and  drilled,  performing,  perhaps,  a  greater  amount  of  mili- 
tary labor  than  any  Major  General  or  Brigadier  General  in 
our  army,  he  had  been  denied  all  the  chances  enjoyed  by 
other  commanders  of  displaying  his  talents  for  command 
in  the  field.  Xow  was  his  opportunity.  The  self-possession 
and  coolness  with  which  he  firmed  his  line,  under  a  fire 
from  the  enemy's  skirmishers,  who  "filled  the  woods  in  every 
direction,  was  in  the  highest  degree  inspiriting.  Xo  man 
could  do  this  better  than  Hardee.  There  was  the  brigade 
of  the  intrepid  llindman,  composed  el  icily  of  the  hardy 
men  of  Arkansas,  and  there  the  soldierly  Olaybourmv  also 
ol  Arkansas,  but  coYhm&irding  ehieMy  Tennesseeaus  and 
Mis^issippians — all  armed  with  tic  new  English  Mini- 
part  <>f  the  caru-o  <A'  the  Glafltator,  which  had  recently 
reached  Corinth  from  the  Atlantic  cbqst.  Two  fine  bat- 
teries completed  this  division,  which  tfas  further  prolonged 
bv  the  addition  of    Chalmer'-     Mississippi    brigade,    and 


128 

<  iladdeh   -  throe  Alahama    re/nnem -.  and  1  no  famous  tiu'lit- 
.1    Ucgulars.  with    Kobinson's    and    lvctchum's 
...:ni'.>    ,  im-hidim:,   in    all.  a    little  over    seven   thousand 
- ■  ilc-i-t i \ ■«•   men.     It    was   now    about    eight    o'clock,   when 
ll.u.kv  ordered  this  line  forward  to  the  charge.     The  order 
■d  with  a  terrible  yell  and  shout.     The cuemr xnct 
ii  bravely  and  vigorously  for  a  while.     Their  line  opened  a 
terrific  lire. of  mqskotry, which  mowed  down  1  larder's  men 
hundreds,   whilst    the  powerful    batteries  on  the 
llanos  iind  J'roin  intervals  bclcliod    I'orth  a    tornado  of  shot. 
and    chrapuell.     ( )ur  men.  after  delivering  their  vol- 
...  •    pause   to    ic-load,  but   the   ardor  "Charge 
ha\onei.-. "  ringing  along  the  lines,  was  quickly  responded 
to,  and  with  desperate  onset,  the   whole   line    rushed    upon 
i.i'iuy.  the  Louisiana   Infantry  and    Dea's    Alabamians 
making  their  charge  against  the   formidable  hattery.     The 
.'Memy's  infantry  gave   way,  and   Col.    Daniel    W.    Adams, 
hoariiuj;  the  flag  of  the  Louisiana  Infantry,  called  out/to.  bis 
•  Mow  him,  whilst  the  veteran   (iladden,  m  stento- 
rian tones,  urged  them  onward.     Those  gallant  fellows,  u 
large  U Uinber  of  whom  had  several  days  before  served    out 
their  turn  of  s..rviee,    and  had  volunteered  to  remain  and 
tight  out    this   battle,    needed    not    such    incentives.      They 
■.'.  ed  (jiiickly  their  Colonel  and  their  idolized  General — 
old  ( 'oloiicl  —  and  soon  cleared  away  the  infantry  sun- 
port  of  the  haitcry,  and  bayonetiiug   some  of  the  -miners, 
and  capturing  the  rest,  and  hurling  the  men  from  the  cais- 
:iid  carriages,  wheeled  them   around    and  opened  his 
jiiii:-  upon  the  retreating  foe.      liut    the    field  was  not 
eicared,  for  the  great  force  of  the  Yankees*  seeing  the  com- 
pmativ.   small  body  of  the  assailants,  fell   hack  on    another 
battery   further  iip  the  camp.     "Y'ou   have  only  begun  the 
job,  there  is  more  to  be  done,"  exclaimed  (! hidden,  "-pitch 
■ain,  my  hoys,"  and  again,  with  a  terrihle  rush, 
the    old    JVmaewl.i    brigade,  supported    by    Hindman    and 
(  "ie\hourne,  now   hadly  cut  up,  charged  the    larger  battery 
and  the  strong,  heavy  lines  of  infantry. 


12$ 

The  enemy  poured  into  them  a  cruel,  crushing  fire,  but  in 
vain-  Their  onset  could  not  he  checked,  the  second  and 
strongest  battery  was  carried,  though  at  a  fearful  sacrifice, 
and  the  enemy  now  rushed  back  pell  mell,  in  great  terror 
and  confusion,  and  did  not  stop  until  they  had  fled  beyond 
view  to  a  distant  camp,  "Bravo!  bravo!"  exclaimed 
Hardee,  in  an  ecstacy  of  admiration  mid  delight.  "Trot 
the  pieces  to  the  rear,"  ordered  Gladden,  and  then  was 
exhibited  the  strange  and  somewhat  ludicrous  spectacle  of 
the  Louisiana  Infantry  leading  the  large  brass  pieces  and 
caissons  to  the  rear,  with  the  Yankee  gunners  sitting  on 
the  boxes,  looking  as  frightened  as  trapped  partridges. 
The  formality  of  demanding  their  surrender  and  requiring 
them  to  dismount,  was  dispensed  with,  and  the  captors 
were  allowed  the  raro  privilege  and  honor  of  riding  to  the 
rear,  with  thoir  gallant  captors  leading  their  hori     . 

These  brilliant  results,  alas  !  had  been  achieved  at  tear- 
ful cost.  Hardee's  division  had  been  cut  not 
half  the  force  with  which  he  had  ifommeni  charge 
remained  in  line.  The  others  were  either  left  oil  the  field 
bloody  corpses,  or  mangled  and  bleeding,  were  dragging 
themselves  to  the  rear.  Twenty  of  the  company  officers 
and  over  two  hundred  men  o{'  the  Louisiana  Infantry  had 
been  placed  kors  du  combat.  The  heroic  and  commanding 
Capt.  Jack  Wheat  had  fallen  among  the  first.  Oapt.  Bond 
followed  him,  and  others  of  the  youtMul  of  thin 
noble  regiment  were  cut  down  with  severe  wounds. 
Among  them  the  fate  of  that  delicate,  rosy-cheeked  youth, 
so  gentle  and  boyish  in  his  appearance  and  man-nerti,  that 
we  could  not  but  shudder  at  the  hare  thought  of  one  sfi 
young  going  to  battle  in  a  conflict  of  full-grortvn  men — the 
young  son  of  our  patriotic  citizen.  J.  L.  Levy,  excited 
special  interest.  11°  was  killed  a1  the  first  fire.  Marvo]- 
oualy  the  gigantic  colonel  had  |  athrle  >ugh 
Uie  thick  tempest,  but  his  noble  gray  ebarger  had  riot  b< 
80  fortunate.  Riddled  with  balls,  he  oriry  lived  to  hear 
forward  his  master  until  ho  had  planted  tfce  battle  flag  of 
9 


180 

:   ;ae\  in   the  very  centre  of  the  enemy'*  camp. 

The  litUi   and  delioate  figure  oi  Hindman,  too,  had  escaped 

!.,,>  k  ImUeti  of  the  enemy.     Terrible  and  trying  as  was 

i   presented  by  hits  torn  and  reduced  regiments,  this 

r,  pale  with  sickness,    his  long  hair  streaming 

l  -  haggard  koc,  sat   his  wounded  charger,  the  very 

picture  of  A  chevalier  sans  peur  • t  sans  repmcU,  unawedand 

,i    by  the  surrounding  terrors  and  disasters,  and 

stil  »r   the   conflict.     So,   too,    his  brother-invaliid, 

the   brighi-eyed,  boyish   Chalmers,  calm  and  sell-poised, 

i  along  his  now  feeble  lines  of  Mississippians,  and 

emboldened  them  to  further  ell'orts  by  cheering  appeals  and 

•  oil  praise.      It  was  now  about  11  o'clock,  and  Hardee's 

division  had  borue  more  than  its  share  of  the  toil  and  suf- 

fering  of  the  day.     But  they  could  not  rest  here.     Forward 

thev  must  move.     It  was  at  this  point  that  a  great  calamity 

upon  our  army.     That  noble  old  chief  Gladden  had  at 

nrd  the  summit  of  his  aspirations.      lie  had  led  his 

in  just  such  a  charge  as  for  many  months   past  he 

-  ■   earnestly  panted    for   the   opportunity   of  making. 

won  a  splendid  success,     llis  brigade  had  justified 

■  u«C  and  his  pledge.      He  was  justly  proud  and 

ant  a!  the  splendid  display   of  courage  and   heroism 

which  had  been  made  by  troops  whom  he  had  drilled,  and 

.  ii  ■  i>  organization  and  welfare  he  had  centered  all  his 

an<!   ambition.     There  were  other  charges  to  make, 

and  other  batteries  to  be  carried,    '-So  forward — let  as  go," 

the  \\"rds  which  he  bad  just  exultingly  uttered,  when 

frail  iit.il  friend  and   aid,  Ca-pt.    Scott,   from   Mobile,  ob- 

I  ..  sudden  shock  and  thrill  of  his  body,  as  a  crushing, 

of  shot  and  shell  came  tearing  through  the  camp.     His 

..!(•  arm  fell  helpless,  and  raising  his   right   hand   to   his 

a  he  said.  "Scott,  1  am  struck,  but   let's  go  on."     His 

■..oimdedaiid  exbausted  charger,  as  if  in  conscious  sympathy 

with  bis  master,  moved  but  a  few  steps,  when  the  General 

.  -h  is  a  serious  hurt ;  help  me  down,  Scott."     His  aid 

quickly  assisted  him  to  alight,   and  applying  his  hand  to 


131 

the  wounded  limb  of  his  General,  found  that  the  left  arm, 
near  the  shoulder,  was  crushed  to  a  jelly.  An  ambulance 
was  called,  and  he  was  placed  in  it  and  honre  to  the  rear. 
Captain  Scott  driving.  That  gallanfcofficer  himself  had  just 
made  a  narrow  escape.  A  grape  shot  had  struck  him 
directly  in  the  eye.  It  was  fortunately  spent,  and  left  onlv 
a  contused  wound. 

"We  were  then  but  a  short  distance  from  the  scene,  and 
meeting  the  ambulance  driven  by  Scott,  galloping  towards 
the  rear,  we  apprehended  the  very  casualty  that  had  occur- 
red ;  for  Scott  would  never  leave  the  side  of  his  beloved 
General.  He  waived  his  hand  mournfully  towards  us.  We 
ran  forward,  and  looking  within  the  ambulance,  there  saw 
our  gallant  friend  stretched  out  in  intense  agony — pale, 
faint,  but  still  smiling  with  the  exultation  of  his  great  vic- 
tory. We  followed  the  ambulauce  until  it  halted  before 
Beauregard's  headquarters.  Dr.  Choppin  was  on  hand, 
busy  in  his  terrible  avocation  of  amputating  limbs  and 
dressing  wounds.  He  paused  from  all  other  labors  to 
attend  the  case  of  our  gallant  General.  The  necessity  of 
immediate  amputation  was  quickly  perceived,  and  the 
operation  was  performed  with  masterl}"  skill  and  celerity. 
The  mutilated  limb  still  presented  a  dangerous  aspect.  It 
had  been  dreadfully  contused,  and  the  shock  of  such  a  blow 
must  have  been  excessively  violent.  The  wounded  hero 
remained  at  Beauregard,s  headquarters.  On  our  roturu  to 
the  battle  field  we  overtook  a  sergeant  in  the  uniform  of 
the  Louisiana  Infantry.  He  was  a  powerful-looking  fellow, 
and  the  horse  he  rode  was  bleeding  from  several  wounds. 
It  was  a  small  but  noble-looking  black  Ranger.  "Is  not 
that  Gen.  Gladden's  horse?"  we  asked.  "'Yes,'  mourn- 
fully answered  the  sergeant,  "it  is  the  charger  o\'  as  bravo 
a  man  as  ever  drew  a  sword.  I  was  in  the  Crimean  and 
Indian  wars,  and  saw  the  best  fighting  in  those  campaigns, 
but  I  never  saw  such  fighting  a-  the  'Old  !'>•  Dfijal  "  go4  out 
of  our  boys  to-day — two  hundred  of  whom  he  persuaded  t-- 
continue  for  the  battle,  though  their  time  was.  out,     I  never 


132 

General  bear  himself  like  that  little  man.     God 

•ii,"    add  ihe  tears  stealing   down  his 

attested  the  biucerity  of  the  rude  and  honest 

Vlas!  alas!  an  all-wise  Providen.ee  had  decreed 

-i>  many  thousands  of  others  in  the 

throughout  his    beloved   South  should   not   be 

after  a  few  days  of  agony  the  horoic  Gladden 

from  the  scene  of  hid  glory  and  triumphs  amid  a 

'  mourning  friends.     The  President  of  the  Southern 

Nation  of  Louisiana  had  attested  the  sincerity 

tipu  to  the  cause,  of  which  he   had  been   one  of 

j  ions.     Among   the    noble  martyrs    of  our 

gfc  -ie,  no  name  will  shine   with    a  brighter  and  a 

.   than  that  of  A.  II.  Gladden,  the  gallant  leader 

owned  Palmetto   Regiment    in   the    Valley   of 

,    and    the    idolised    commander   of    the   lighting 

■f  I'eusacola. 

Till:  BATTLE  AND  TI1K  VICTORY. 

death   of  Gladden   devolved  the  command   of  the 

Plerisacola  Brigade  on  Colonel  Daniel  W-  Adams,  who  still 

moved  forward  on  the  right,    with    Claybourne,  Hindman 

and    Glialim  ;V    brigades,    cut   down    to  mere    regiments, 

carrying  other  batteries  and    sweeping  from  their  camps 

of  infantry,    who  kepi  up,  however,  even  in 

'ucl  'ii'1'  of  Minies.     Finally,  driven  to  their 

fiftl  ie    enemy  gained  a  position   on  a  ridge  from 

which  the  ground   sloped  into  a  hollow,  where  our  men 

llected  in  a  crowded  mass.     Then   they   had  us  at 

grCa  2   ,  their  flanks  being  covered  by  undergrowth 

ch   sv. armed    with    sharpshooters,   and    their  batteries 

frabU  posted  to  play  upon  our  advancing  linos.     The 

of  Hindman  saw   the  desperate  nature  of  our 

:«   :..     IK-  could  only  recover  himself  by  charging  their 

erics  at  every  risk.     Adam's  brigade  was  pressing  their 

left,  but  it  would  bo  iu  vain,  if  Hindman  did  not  clear   the 


133 

largo  hadW  that  vtill  clung  to  the  bridges  with  their  frown* 

ing  butteries.     Renting  hi?  men  for  a  few   i 

down  their  ranks  and  addressing  to   them   \vftra.«    df 

and  encouragement  he  formed    them    and  .  ordered    (he 

char. 

It  was  done  with  a  rush  ami  yelrV  bm  the  terriil  !    fi  ■•■  •>; 
the  batteries  and  of  their  infantry  support;-'  svy.-m    th 
down  in  such  numbers  as  to  came  them    t<>  recoil;     Again 
resting  his  men  in  the  undergrowth  and    &611ectiiyj 

stragglers  from  the  other  eonmiautfe,    h'< 

charge,  with  the  same  disastrous  results  and  recoiling  effi 
It  was  now  evident  that  Ilindman's  force  was  too  weak  ' 
carry  this  position.     Looking  around  for  help,  he  perceived 
several  bodies  of  our  men  advancing  on  his  left.     Tie  rode 
towards  them  and  Boon  met  the  tine  brigade  of  Col.  Gib- -• 
of  Louisiana,  of  Ruggle's  division,  composed  of  the  4th  and 
13th  Louisiana,  1st  Texas,  and  a  Tennessee  regiment  with 
a  Btrong  battery.     Uniting  these  forces,  and  advancing  the 
battery  of  the  Jefferson   Mississippi  Artillery,   the  whole 
line  rushed  upon  the   enemy's   strong   position,    delivering, 
their  fire  and  charging  with  a  terrible  whoop.     This    oil 
was  irresistible,  but  fearful  was  the  loss  it  produced  in  our 
ranks.     Our  two  regiments,  the  4th  and  13th,  were  shiv. 
as  if  by  thnnderbolts.     At  least  one-fifth  of  each  of  them 
were  cut  down,  killed  or  wounded.     The  gallant  and  accom- 
plished acting  Brigadier  had  his  horse  shot  under  him  ;  nj'c 
clothes  of  the  intrepid  and  chivalric  Col.  Allen  were  riddled 
with  balls,  one  of  which  struck  him  in  the  face,  inflicting  a 
painful  but  slight  wound  ;  the  youthful  Major  Avegrio,  of 
the  13th,  had  his  horse  shot  under  him  ;  and  that  gallant 
son  of  Erin,  Capt.  Stephen  O'Leary  of  the  13th,  r 
two  bullets  in  his  body,  while  scores  of  the  officers  and  rhen 
strewed  the  ground  or  dragged  themselves  to  the  rear.     : 
the  point  was  gained,  the  batteries  of  the  enemy    > 
our  possession,  and  the  ridge  afforded  a  fine  position  fo'r< 
cannon  to  play  with  much  destruction  upon  their  reM 
m.u.ses. 


m 

[■  was  as  the  batteries  were  thai  playing  upon  the  af- 
frightened  enemy  that  the  undaunted  Hindraan,  ever  in 
in  the  front,  and  whose  escape  thus  far  had  been  one  of  the 
marvels  of  the  day,  wm  seen  on  Iheerest  of  the  hill  waving 
his  cap  in  triumph.  Almost  at  the  same  moment  his  charger 
was  observed  to  leap  high  into  the  air,  and  falling  with  great 
violence,  i oiled  over  and  over,  apparently  crushing  the 
rider  beneath  his  huge  corpse.  A  large  shell  had  struck 
him  in  the  breast  and  torn  his  whole  forequarters  into 
shreds.  The  soldiers,  to  whom  their  commander  had  so 
endeared  himself  by  bis  splendid  valor,  held  their  breaths 
with  deeji  anxiety,  and  men  who  had  faced  the  enemy's 
batteries  so  many  times  unmoved  and  unblanched,  grew 
pale  with  terror  at  the  fearful  spectacle  of  the  fall  of  their 
beloved  chief.  Inexpressible  was  the  relief,  unbounded  the 
joy  pi  the  brave  men  of  Arkansas,  Texas  and  Tennessee, 
as  they  saw  the  trail  body  of  their  gallant  leader  disen- 
tangled from  the  crushed  remains  of  his  charger,  and  stand- 
ing  erect,  feebly  cheering  and  waving  his  hat.  Then  uprose 
from  our  whole  Line  (he  loudest  cheer  of  the  day.  No  vic- 
tory yet  won  caused  such  joy  and  enthusiasm.  Still,  the 
noble  General  had  been  terribly  contused.  This,  and  his 
great  exhaustion,  had  placed  him*  hors  du  combat,  and  his 
friends  bore  him  to  the  rear. 

These  brilliant  and  substantial  results  we  have  described, 
were  all  witnessed  by  the  Commander-in-chief  of  our  army, 
who,  from  the  beginning  of  the  light,  had  occupied  a  posi- 
tion near  all  the  critical  points.  His  cool  sagacity  compre- 
hended every  movement  and  it«  consequences,  and  with 
infinite  Belt-possession  amid  a  continual  shower  of  shot, 
shell  and  Minic  balls,  he  issued  his  orders  to  the  various 
■  orps  and  divisions  to  move  to  the  several  positions  where 
they  were  most  needed.  After  the  storming  of  the  fifth 
camp  he  discovered  the  shattered  condition  of  Hardee's 
division,  and  consulting  with  Gen.  Bragg,  the  Chief  of  the 
Stafti  the  ordej  was  quiekly'determined  on  to  bring  up  the 
r.serves — j'olk  on  the  left  and  Breckiuridge  on  the  right, 


135 

while   Ruggles,    with   his   several  brigades,    Was  to  mi>vc 
against  the  eentre.     "This   thing   must    Ik*    done  with  the 
bayonet,"  he  shouted    along  the  lines,     "EVery  Man  "i1 
he  brought  into  the  fight."     T'ragg  galloped    tpwafSs  tin- 
centre  to  direct  these  movements.     This  gallant  and 
gctie  officer  had  also,  from  the  beginning,  been  in  the  i 
of  the  fiercest  of  the  tight.     Two    horses   had    b^en  'kiTfecl 
under  him.     Xever  were  orders  more  quickly  executed  than 
those  for  the  advance  of  our  reserves.     They   had    already 
pressed  forward  to  the  front,  and  were   near  at    hand  to 
the  gaps  created  by  the   incessant    combat  of  the  morning. 
Breckinridge's  strong  column  came  up  compactly  and  stead- 
ily, taking  the  place  of  Hardee's  division,  the  fragment 
which,  however,   still  un  sated  and  unexhausted,    man  1 
with  the  Kentuekians,  in  a  noble  rivalry  to  share  in  Cv 
triumph  of  the  day.     Polk,  too.  as  ardent  and  enthusiastic 
as  a  young  soldier  in  his  first  skirmish,  pushed  forward  his 
brave Tennesseeans,  with  his  splendid  batteries,  Bankhead'-. 
Smith's  and  Polk's  leading.     A  nobly  appearing  chief, 
full  of  vigor  and  life,  he   dashed  along  the  lines,  inspiring 
his  men  by  his  brave  and  self-possessed  bearing,     (lark  !■ 
the  First  Division,  the  chivalric  Planter-General  of  "Missis- 
sippi, among  the  first  to  abandon  the  ease  and  comfort  of  a 
luxurious  home,  to  engage  in  the  perilous  conflict  for  Soul 
ern  independence.     Conspicuous  on   his  staff  we  obff<  rved 
the  noble  form  and  dauntless  front  of  that  gallanl  charapi 
of  Southern  rights  on  another  field,  Maj.  W.  U.  MeCardle. 
of  Virksburg.     Clark's  fine  division   needs  no   app 
incentive.     It  overflows  with  ardor  and  impatience  for  the 
conflict.     The  Tennesseeans  burning  to  avenge  the  Wroi 
and    insults  of    their    State — tin-    Mississippians   -';    ;:: 
''Donaldson"  as  their  new  battle-cry — the  "  bloodj    ; 
ana,"  Eleventh,  with  the  cold  and  intrepid   vet<  ran 
to  lead  them,  as  he  led  them  to  victory  and  glorj  i     I 
mont,  responded  with  a  shout  to  the  command  to  forward. 

Meantime,  the  Chief  of  the  Staff,  Bragg,  having  expl  li 
to  Ruggles,   in  the  centre,  the  order  of  the  advance- 


136 

loping  in  front  of  the  several  brigade**,  and  delivering  to 
each  a  tew  words  of  encouragement,  next  proceeded  to  the 
right,  and  held  a  brief  consultation  with  Breckinridge. 
And  now  thq  whole  army  advanced,  Cheatham's,  the  last 
division,  forming  close  on  Clark's,  ready  to  leap  into  the 
first  opening  in  the  front  linos.  The  fight  now  became 
universal.  Each  line  poured  forward,  and  encountering 
evero  hundred  yards  or  so  a  battery  strongly  supported  by 
infantry,  with  the  same  unvarying  result.  Often  our  lines 
would  recoil  and  falter  under  the  iron  tempests  from  these 
terrible  batteries,  but  their  indomitable  chiefs  would  re- 
collect and  re-form  the  men  and  return  to  the  charge.  It 
was  in  one  of  these  charges  that  the  noble  and  patriotic 
Commander-in-chief  received  the  wound  which  produced 
his  death.  The  enemy  maintained  his  position  with  unusual 
firmness.  Three  several  times  did  our  brave  fellows  throw 
themselves  upon  it,  and  were  hurled  back,  as  if  by  a  resist- 
less and  superhuman  power.  The  brigade  and  regimental 
officers  galloped  along  the  lines  calling  loudly  for  another 
charge.  The  lines  halted — the  men  seemed  transfixed  with 
horror  or  stupefied  with  dismay — they  neither  advanced  nor 
re  ;eded,  but  glaring  at  the  frightful  row  of  big-mouthed 
canqon  which  appeared  to  cover  their  whole  front,  and  then 
at  the  ground  before  tneni;  covered  with  their  killed  and 
wound'.-  I  comrades,  they  paused,  faltered,  and  seemed  to 
be  fast  verging  towards  dismay  and  panic.  It  was  a  critical 
point  in  the  drama.  Unless  that  battery  was  forced  and  its 
inppdrts  driven  in,  the  enemy  would  have  us  at  great  dis- 
advantage. Johnston  perceived  this — .Johnston  whose 
actions  throughout  the  day  had  so  changed  the  ideas  of 
those  who  had  so  falsely  interpreted  his  wise  and  masterly 
r<  treat  from  Howling  Green  into  proofs  of  over-caution  and 
lack  of  daring  and  energy — who,  in  his  plan  and  execution 
of  this  battle,  had  evinced  a  boldness  approaching  to  au- 
dacity— an  audacity  that  proved  to  he  the  highest  wisdom 
'.J1!.  The  sagacious  Kentuckian  saw  and  appreciated 
the  imminence  of  this  peril  to  the  army,  if  the  strong  po- 


137 

*ition  now  held  by  the  enemy  was  retained,  lie  determined 
to  throw  himself  into  the  breach — not  in  a  spiritol  bravado. 
of  a  mere  vain-glorious  desire  of  parading  his  heroism — 
lea8t  of  all,  from  any  such  petty  and  ignoble  weakness,  as 
that  imagined  by  small  minds — a  feeling  of  chagrin  and 
conscious  injustice  on  account  of  the  criticisms  and  censure 
that  had  been  so  heedlessly  indulged  towards  him  by  the 
thoughtless  and  uninformed — but  from  a  high  and  lofty 
spirit  of  patriotism  and  self-sacrifice,  that  looked  only  at 
the  danger  to  his  country  and  his  cause,  which  confronted 
him.  Seeing  the  inability  of  the  other  commanders  to 
reform  the  broken  and  dismayed  line,  he  rode  forward, 
with  the  ever  cool  and  undaunted  Breckinridge,  and, 
seizing  a  musket  presented  it  at  a  charge  bayonet,  and 
called  on  the  men  to  follow.  The  grand  figure  of  the 
Commander-in-chief,  mounted  on  a  large  bay  horse,  looming 
up  from  the  foreground,  (so  conspicuous  a  target  for  the 
enemy's  sharp  shooters,)  seemed  to  expand  to  gigantic  pro- 
portions, as  he  beckoned  his  men  on  to  the  charge.  The 
gallant  Iventuckians  were  the  first  to  follow — Tennesseeans, 
Mississippians  and  Arkansiaus  caught  the  heroic  contagion, 
and  now  the  line  moved  steadily  forward  at  double-quick, 
and  then,  with  a  wild  rush,  receiving  the  deadly  iron  blast 
as  it  swept  along  the  slope-*,  and  pouring  over  the  batteries, 
they  scattered  the  heavy  masses  of  the  infantry  in  the  wild- 
est confusion.  This  was  perhaps  the  mightiest  effort  of 
physical  force  and  courage  of  the  day,  and  when  it  was 
performed,  the  tall  figure  of  Breckinridge  could  be  seen  on 
the  crest  of  the  hill,  waving  his  cap  in  triumph,  whilst  the 
shouts  of  his  men  echoed  far  off  like  the  roar  of  many 
waters.  As  soon  as  (Jen.  Johnston  perceived  the  success 
of  his  appeal,  and  that  his  men  had  caught  the  spirit  which 
ne  sought  to  infuse  into  them,  and  were  moving  forward 
with  the  requisite  vigor  and  resolution.  In-  rod''  from  tic 
front,  and  returned  to  his  original  commanding  position,  a 
little  in  the  rear  and  on  the  right,  and  waited  tne  result  of 
the  assault.     It  was  only  when  its   success  was  evident  and 


nemywasta   retreat,  thai   one  of  his  aids,  perceiving 

blond  on  hiy  i  ciously  asked  if'  he  was  not  wound- 

ed.    He  replied1,    "Only  a  scratch!"  adding  iu  entire  tin- 

inesfl   of  self,     •  Wa--   not   that   splendidly  «:- 
gloriouB  follows ;    We  b  them  now."     There  w; 

pause  and  a  few  minut&q  of  observation  and  consultation, 
when  evident  Bytttptoms  of  weakness  manifesting  theui- 
ide  of  the  General  insisted  that  he  should  di? 
mount  and  hare  his  wound  examined-  He  did  so  in  a 
careless  and  anconcernep  manaer.  His  boot  being  pulled 
oft,  it  wile  discovered  to  be  full of  blood,  and  that  the  purpl' 
current  was  ptill  flowing  rapidly  from  ;i  small  wound  under 
the  knee.  It  proved,  on  examination,  to  be  what  Dr. 
Choppin  pronounced  the  smallest  wound  that  be  ever  I 
to  produce  death  in  a  hale  and  vigorous  man.  But  an  artery 
had  been  severed.  Though  much  blood  had  been  lost,  tic 
presence  of  a  surgeon,  or  the  application  of  a  proper 
ture  by  any  one  familiar  with  the  location  of  the  artery, 
would  have  saved  his  precious  life.  But  the  humanity  and 
generosity  of  Johnston  had  deprived  him  of  the  aid  of  hi.- 
accomplisbed  surgeon,  lie  was  the  victim  o['  his  own 
philanthropy.  In  passing  through  the  enemy's  camp,  he 
had  observed  some  of  the  wounded  of  the  enemy  snllor'.m: 
gjievously  from  their  wounds  and  crying  aloud  for  help. 
"Stop,  '  toctor,  and  help  these  poor  fellows,"  ho  said  1 
Vandell  of  his  staff,  who  promptly  dismounted  and  was 
eugaged  in  dressing  their  wounds,  when  Johnston  ai  <f  his 
-tall*  were  riding  forward  to  engage  in  the  active  scene  pi' 
the  terrible  struggle  in  front.  The  Burgeon  was  therefore 
absent^when  the  wounded  General  dismounted  and  fell 
exhausted  on  the  ground,  surrounded  by  his  grief  stricken 
staff  tie  grew  rapidly  fainter.  It  was  obvious  to  all  that 
he  was  sinlqng  fast.  A  tew  words  of  kindness  to  his  friends, 
and  of  joyful  exultation  at  the  victory 'already  won.  only 
escaped  him,  when  in  lifteen  minutes  after  he  received  the 
wound  he  departed  this  life  gently  and  with  a  smile  irra- 
diating his  grave  and  serious  countenance     Bosudden  and 


41 

139 

mournful  an  incident  in  the  very  midst  of  victory  seemed 
to  palsy  the  gallant  gentlemen  of  his  staff.  Personally 
devoted  to  him  by  ties  and  sympathies  of  the  strongest  na- 
ture, by  his  pure  and  unselfish  traits,  his  entire  freedom 
from  all  petty  jealousy,  his  lofty  moral  courage  and  fearless 
personal  bearing,  they  were  unnerved  by  the  great  calamity 
which  had  fallen  upon  them,  the  army  and  the  country- 
Mournfully  they  bore  his  remains  to  the  rear,  where  they 
were  placed  in  an  ambulance,  and  sent  to  Corinth. 

Thus  fell  Albert  Sydney  Johnston,  the  second  General 
in  the  Confederate  army.  A  native  of  Kentucky,  a  eadei 
from  Louisiana,  a  long  resident  of  Texas,  these  States  may 
claim  to  share  the  honor  of  contributing  so  noble  and 
brave  a  patriot  and  soldier  to  the  cause  of  Southern  Inde- 
pendence. A  soldier  of  the  Texan  war  of  independence — 
a  successful  and  brilliant  chief  in  the  Mexican  war.  he  had 
appropriately  closed  his  noble  career  in  a  great  battle  for 
the  rights  and  independence  of  the  South.  His  name  and 
virtues,  and  his  heroic  sacrifice,  will  ever  be  held  in  warm 
recollection  and  affection  by  his  grateful  countrymen.  The 
melancholy  intelligence  of  Johnston's  death  was  quickly 
communicated  to  Gen.  Beauregard,  who  occupied  it  promi- 
nent position  near  the  centre  of  the  army,  where  he  was 
actively  engaged  in  superintending  the  formation  and  ad- 
vancing of  troops.  "This  is  sad  news,  indeed. "he  exclaimed 
to  his  aids  with  a  deep  sigh.  "Gentlemen,  to  your  ho 
we  must  go  to  the  front ;"  and  quickly  the  staff* were  .ill 
mounted,  and  escorted  by  the  fine  troop  of  the  Louisiana 
Jefferson  Mounted  Guard,  Capt.  Guy  Dreux,  the  General- 
in-Chief  now  proceeded  rapidly  towards  the  front.  Mean- 
time the  whole  army  had  been  set  in  motion,  chiefly  under 
the  direction  of  the  ubiquitous  and  indomitable  l>ragg. 
Kvery  division,  every  brigade,  every  regiment  was  brought 
into  requisition,  and  in  turn  was  hurled  againsi  th<  enemy'i 
linca  and  batteries.  Clark,  on  the  Left)  had  Led  Lis  division 
far  into  their  camps,  making  many  dc  In 

one  of  these,  Russell's  brigade,  in  which  wa*  our  lighting 


* 


140 

I-  •  liaiai  ■."  Col.  1".  Ma:  \  idenly  under 

a  terribly  dcatrnu  Tin-  brigade  faltered  at  first,  in 

^•.)iit*usioi>.     Mora   than   a  hundred   <>f  the    lit: 
t'lL-ii  out  down.     But  ibfl  k.  :.!i'i  *ta'fe  again 

hhivered  like  a  w  :■  rooky  whore.     Finally,  bow- 

ever,  their  hid  le  fortitude  conquered,  and  the  en 

were  routed  and  fell  back  under  a  terrible  tire  from  Bank- 
head's.    Polk's  and  Smith's  batteries*.     'Die   casual  tl 

..ults  were  terrible.  The  gallant  Marks  had  been 
nd  his  youthful  Major  out  down  with  a  severe 
wound,  aud  now  the  Lieutenont-Colonel,  Barrow,  and  the 
heroi-  I  ■  ;  ■  'ii.  Ed.  Austin,  of  the  Cannon  Guards.,  set  to 
work  vigorously  to  restore  order  and  confidence  to  the 
mutilated  remnant  of  that  once  strong  regiment.  Stewart's 
brigade,  oi  the  same  division,  sharec1  a  like'  fortune  and 
like  triumphs.  The  gallant  Polk,  of  the  Polk  battery,  in 
bringing  his  guns  into  position,  fell  severely  wounded. 
Many  others,  officers  and  men,  of  these  brigades,  were  in 
like  manner  placed  hors  du  combat.  A  shade  of  grief  and 
distress  darkened  the  calm  and  Kcrene  countenance  ■  of  the 
gallant  General  of  the  corps,  the  patriotic  Polk,  as  riding 
down  the  lines  he  observed  the  fearful  gap  which  had  been 
made  in  his  corps. 

Cheatham's  division  had  got  fairly  in  on  the  extreme 
left  aud  was  actively  at  work.  Our  whole  line  began  now 
to  assume  a  linn  order  and  continuity  which  it  had  not 
before  had.  Bragg  took  charge  of  the  right  aud-  centre, 
and  Polk  of  the  left,  and  both  pressed  the  enemy  with  un- 
broken steadiness  and  vigor.  The  enemy  gave  way  slowly, 
retiring  towards  his  camp,  lighting  whenever  the  ground 
afforded  a  favorable  position  for  a  battery,  and  for  their 
legion  of  sharp-shooters.  Ruggles,  near  the  centre,  -had 
held  his  division  chiefly  in  reserve,  throwing  forward  hi-- 
brigades  to  support  and  aid  those  engaged  in  assailing  the 
batteries.  Anderson  had  already  stormed  and  carried 
several  of  them.  Gibson's  had  performed  like  service  near 
our  right,  and  Pond's  Third  Brigade  was  ordered  -on  like 


141 

duty,,  but  by  some  mistake  the  brigade  was  not  held  well 
together,  and  when  ordered  to  charge,  Col.  Monton,  of  the 
gallant  and  steady  18th,  found  the  whole  burden  of  the 
charge  thrown  upon  his  small  regiment,  which  gallantly 
obeye^j. but  was  fearfully  out  up.  In  all  that  army  there 
was. no. galianter  or  abler  regimental  commander  than  our 
Creole  Colonel,  not  one  who  bore  himself  so  like  a  veteran. 
Wounded  in  the  face,  his  clothes  riddled  with  balls,  he 
maintained  his  position  in  front,  keeping  his  men  well 
together,  and  driving  them  ahead  with  resistless  might. 
The  confusion  incident  to  so  extensive  a  formation,  under 
such  a  terrible  tire,  with  so  many  inexperienced  ofheers,  led 
to  sad  mistakes,  by  which  several  of  our  regiments  suffered 
at  the  hands  of  their  own  friends.  The  Orleans  Guards, 
wearing  a  uniform  resembling  that  of  the  enemy,  were  fre- 
quently tired  upon  by  our  own  troops.  The  gallant  Creoles, 
however,  never  faltered  or  shrunk,  but  though  embarrassed 
by  their  isolated  position,  cut  off  from  the  rest  of  the 
brigade,  they  marched  forward,  charging  and  routing  seve- 
ral bodies  of  the  enemy.  This  battalion,  and  our  noble 
<  Srescent  Regiment  were  left  pretty  much  as  orphans,  to 
take  care  of  themselves.  They  groped  their  way  through 
the  forest,  hunting  for  the  enemy,  and  throwing  themselves 
on  every  side  where  they  were  needed.  The  Crescent, 
after  marching  through  the  enemy's  earn]),  proceeded 
in  the  direction  of  the  river,  to  dislodge  a  strong  force  of 
the  enemy,  which  wan  firing  with  great  efTecl  from  the 
cover  of  some  cotton  bale.-  and  a  hedge  in  an  old  held.  <  \>]. 
Smith,  leading  his  boys  ga'iantly  intc  the  field,  gare  Un- 
order to  charge,  and  as  ii  was  done  with  steadiness  ami 
vigor,  the  enemy  flying  from  their  e<>vt.-r  through  the  h 
which  the  Crescent  occupied,  and  from  an  old  1.  „  h.  un- 
opened upon  the  enemy,  who  had  halted  :i  short  distance 
off.  This  drew  a  heavy  i'uv  of  nauskei/y  upou  the  I 
oentn,  from  which,  they  suffered  aotty«  ^asuakies.  In  the 
meantime  the  enemy  having  established  a  battery  to  ■Weep 


142 

tlic  field,  Col.  Smith,  with  great  sagacity,  moved  hie  regi- 
ment oft*  under  cover  of  the  woods.  There  he  fell  in  with 
a  strong  force,  which  had  been  formed  by  Gen.  Polk,  to 
surround  a  largo  encampment  of  the  enemy. 

The  Crescents  arrived  in  time  to  participate  in  this,  one 
of  the  mosl  glorious  events  of  the  day.  The  troops  were 
quickly  formed,  the  most  dangerous  and  prominent  position 
being  assigned  to  the  Crescent.  The  order  was  to  eucoiu- 
pass  t lie  caiii].  on  all  sides,  and  open  upon  it  a  heavy  fire. 
A  force  of  cavalry  were  ordered  up  to  cut  off  the  retreat. 
Unfortunately  it  did  not  arrive  in  time,  but  the  infantry 
regiments  quickly  gained  their  position',  the  Crescent  lead- 
ing. It  was  a  large  encampment,  evidently  of  two  or  more 
brigades.  A  short  resistance  was  made,  a  few  volleys  fired, 
but  the  Crescent  and  several  other  regiments  poured  a 
heavy  lire  into  the  camp  from  across  a  ravine,  and  then 
tiling  around  were  about  to  charge,  when  the  enemy  ceased 
tiring,  and  several  white  handkerchiefs  were  seen  waving 
irom  muskets.  The  troops  ceased  firing,  and  an  officer  oi 
the  enemy,  who  turned  out  to  be  Adj.  Gen.  Morton,  came 
forward  to  Col.  Smith  and  offered  to  surrender  the  whole 
>'  >i'<  .  < leu.  Polk  now  rode  up,  and  presently  Gen.  Prentiss, 
commanding  one  of  the  divisions  of  the  enemy,  came  out 
of  a  lent,  stepped  forward  and  surrendered.  The  officers 
of  the  command  generally  remained  clustered  around  the 
General,  and  the  men  collected  in  groups  through  the 
■  amp,  having  stacked  their  arms.  The  absence  of  the 
cavalry,  however,  enabled  a  large  number  of  the  prisoners 
to  titcape  towards  the  Tennessee  river,  and  we  only  suc- 
ceeded in  capturing  about  2700,  including  three  Colonels, 
four  Lieutenant-Colonels  and  about  forty  Captains.  They 
were  all  of  the  division  of  Gen.  Prentiss,  and  belonged  to 
Missouri,  Illinois.  Ohio  and  Iowa  regiments.  They  had 
arrived  but  a  few  days  before,  and  declared  that  they  were 
completely  surprised,  and  had  no  idea  we  were  near  when 
the  attack  was  commenced.     The  prisoners  were  sent  to 


143 

the  rear,   and  G-en.    Prentiss  and    staff  wore    escorted  td 
Beauregard's   headquarters,  which   were    now  established 

near  the  centre  of  the  enemy's  camp. 

The  whole  army  had  now  passed  through  and  beyond  the 
enemy's  camps.  What  remained  of  his  force  had  been 
driven  now  three  quarters  of  a  mile  beyond,  and  was  heavily 
massed  towards  the  river,  under  the  cover  of  several  large 
batteries  in  position,  and  of  a  plunging  and  vertical  fife  tff 
shells  from  the  gunboats,  the  commanders  of  which,  know- 
ing the  relative  positions  of  the  two  armies,  could  now  throw 
their  dangerous  and  destructive  projectiles  so  as  to  inflict 
no  damage  upon  their  own  men,  and  to  produce  great  con- 
fusion in  our  ranks,  fn  this  they  achieved  no  little  suc- 
cess, Our  regiments  were  frequently  thrown  into  confusion 
by  the  bursting  of  shells  in  their  midst  and  around  them. 
The  Crescent,  which  had  moved  very  near  the  river,  came 
in  for  a  large  share  of  these  terrifying  missiles.  The  more 
dangerous  Minie  balls  produced  no  such  terror.  The 
enemy  being  unseen  added  to  the  nervousness  of  our  men. 

Our  infantry  was  m>w  utterly  worn  oui.  The  men  fell 
down  in  the  ranks  from  sheer  exhaustion.  They  had 
f>ught  tor  twelve  hours,  an  incessant  and  unparalleled 
tight,  routing  and  pursuing  large  bodies  of  infantry,  and 
performing  such  prodigies  of  valor  as.  if  fully  related,  would 
fill  a  large  volume.  The  infantry  are  now  no  longer 
available,  even  if  the  enemy  were  within  reach,  lave  to 
hold  him  in  his  preeeat  exposed  position  until  the  cannon 
•  •in  all  be  brought  to  play  upon   him.      Our    regiment-  me 

■wrel\  cut  up,  many  of  them  disorganized,  broken  into 
detachments  that  wander  around  seekingtheir  commander.-. 
There  is  no  demoralization,  no  fear — not  all  the  horrors 
and  dangers  of  the  terrible  and  uninterrupted  conflict  have 
affected  their unconquerable  spirits.  The  wood-  for  miles 
are  full  of  the  wounded,  and  the  hospitals  are  crowded. 
Iv.ery  .-pecies  of  vehicle  i-  employed  to  Conduct  them  to 
the  rear.  Hundred.- are  borne  on  litters  or  on  blanket-. 
The  surgeons  are  now  busy  in  their  terrible  labors.     Targe 


14-! 

details,  too,  to  attend  the  wounded,  have  further  reduced 
my.  An<l  now  the  whole  array  is  collected  in  advance 
of  the  eu<  my's  camps,  with  the  fragments  of  brigades  and 
regiments  consolidated  with  little  reference  to  their  original 
formation,  lint  Breckinridge,  now  some  distance  in  ad- 
vance, what  remains  of  his  division  well  together. 
and  Cheatham  is  not  far  oft' defending  our  left.  Both  these 
officers  have  performed  wonderful  exploits  of  gallantry,  en- 
duranec  and  fortitude.  The  high  soldierly  qualith 
Breckinridge  tilled  all  beholders  with  amazement.  The 
oldest  regular  officers  of  the  army  bestowed  the  warmest 
eulogies  upon  him.  Xot  alone  his  personal  heroism,  but 
his  amazing  self-possession — his  infinite  patience  and  tact, 
his  quick  sagacity  and  unerring  judgment — were  theme.- 
of  universal  admiration.  Wisely  now  was  he  assigned  the 
position  of  guarding  the  enemy,  and  holding  the  advance 
of  the  array. 

It  was  in  tk  .         .    tin  i      my  fell  back  through 

his   camps,   now  stretching  along  an  open  country — on  hi 
large  parade  grounds — on   one  of  which  b  spacious  Bquare 
had  been  carefully  cleared  and  leveled,  where  Grant  intend 
.•d  in  h<.|d  a  grand    review  on    Monday,    the    7th  April — it 
was  heise  that  his  greatest  losses  had    been    incurred.      lli< 
dead  lay  in  heaps  and  thiekh  strewn  in  every  direction. 

The  artillery  were  ail  hurried  forwaid  to  complete  the 
work.  Thirty-six  of  our  best  guns  were  now  brought  into 
position  on  a  ridge  at  a  distance  of  three-fourthfl  oi'  a  mile 
the  enemy's  main  body.  There  was  the  Watson 
heavy  batt»  ry,  of  Breckinridge's  Division,  among  the  first 
to  take  its  place,  under  the  fearless  and  skilful  Beltzhoover, 
who  had  already  performed  several  brilliant  feats  in  aid  of 
Cheatham'-  movement.  In  this  battery  the  liheral  and 
patriotic  gentleman  after  whom  it  was  named,  who  had 
been  instrumental  in  putting  ii  into  the  field  with  his  own 
means,  worked  at  the  guns  as  an  artillerist.  There,  too, 
was  the  battery  of  the  still  unwearied  Robinson,  of  Mobile, 
whose  truna  were  tho  handiwork  of  one  of  our  own  found- 


ries,  Leeds  k  Co — and  .splendid  guns  |thcj    were. — which 
had  been  incessantly  engaged  all  da}-,  performing  anions 
other  notable,  exploits,  that  of  silencing   and  rupturing   a 
large  battery  of  the  enemy  without  the  necessity  qf  an  in- 
fantry support.     There  were  Bankhead's  powerful   pieces, 
which  had  been  hard  at  work  during  the  day:     1  '< >l]v'.-. 
Smith's,  the  Jefferson  county  (Miss.)  battery,  and  (Jiranhy  'a 
Washington  Artillery,  of  Augusta,  the  only  representative  • 
of  Georgia  on  the  field  ;  and  last,  though  far  from  least,  our 
owji  Washington  Artillery,  which,  too,  had  had  no  pause 
during  the  day  in  its  gigantic  labors  and  constant  pn ■ 
over  all  obstacles,  utterly  reckless  of  the   enemy's  8t5ro 
batteries  or  of  his   swarms  of  sharpshooters.     These  gun.- 
took  up  position  and  opened  their  lire.     They  had  tilled 
their  exhausted    caissons   from   the   enemy's  maga;  ', 
vigorously  they  set  to  work  to  iinisli  off  the  victory  of  the 
day.     Such  firing  was  never  perhaps  before   heard   on   this 
continent.     The    gunners    emulated    each     other    in     the 
celerity  of  their  loading  and  priming.      For  two  hour-  were 
these  inci'>s:iut  volleys  continued,   mingling  in   one   horrid 
roar  tluit  shook  the  earth    for  mile.,  around,  .;nd    filled   the 
heavepa  with  sulphurous  vapor  and  odor.      Kvery   dcjsi  pju 
lion    of  projectile   was  called   into    use.      .did],   uaiini 
round    shot,  pcreus  ion   shejls,  Janie»'  -h  •    poured 

upon   The    enemy   with   relentless   fury.      lie    replied    from 
some  of  his  remaining  ba.  md  from  kkuc  liekl  \\.>rk  . 

established  near  tie'  v\\  (  r  I  >  pi'..o  i  ■;    ;  .il.whil!    the 

gunboats    unceasingly    threw    their   large    sholJ.^An    < 
direction  ove'r  the  camps  and  Held.-  occupied  by  our  troop  . 
T^hese  -hells,  thrown  with  recklt  ■  it  unty  and  wide 

range    were    exec  .;■.    k    ajtapjring^and    i.'  uijicji 

damage,  wounding  and  killing  many  of  our  men.      Bui  the 
otheT  practice  of  the  encm)  produced  little  effect  upon 
ba'teries  or   our   tro  >]■■ .       \    \  asj   amount    i 
wa    consumed  in  the  prolonged  exchange  of 
the  Batteries ;  but  fnum  the  portion  of  tin 
in   an  exposed  and  open   locality,   crowdin 


14C 

riser,  our  ii  10  must  haw  indicted  a  heavy  1'  ••  But  the 
shades  of  evening  began  to  darken  overthe  cens  The 
curtain  of  night  was  about  to  tall  bti  the  bloodiest  tragedy 
ever  enacted  oh  this  continent.     As  long  as  there  wa 

freak  oflight  by  which  a  gnu  could  be  armed,  our  inde- 
fatigable Artillerists  wonld  rrtake  use   6t  it.     Tbit    now  the 
•  larknr-    .  ..nit"- to  the  r.'lii't' of  iln'   tTistrn  ted  ami    perse 
<-nt"o!    foe     with   undeserved    mercy,    draws   over    him    a 

hi.'M   And  affords  him  the  respite  and  secTlrlty  for  which, 
ihfoiiiihoiil    llr.il    long   day,  be    li.nl    doubtlc.  I  ervenlly 

jria  -.  <••!       W'hai  refieFihuftl  have  been  Hire  kindly  fntgrp 

tnre !     Nothing  raofe  can   now  he  done.     <nn- 
I >>t t :  D  linibcr^n  up;    Some  re'nrttfu  in   their  po  ition- 

..th-i-.-,  return  to  the  r&rap,  that  Urn  men  and  ffOrftes  may  be 

rel'ie.  hed  and  the  caissons  refilled.      One   of'thcsC    Wfi      our 

I  it'fh  (.'ompany.  ftp- 'the  highest  Joy  ami  exnltatjou  over 
tlii-ii  iiiumnh  ami  their  gal  la  n1  deeds,  fhosfc  cliivalric young 
in, mi  lu.iiih  returned  to  tTje  ramp  of  tin-  eneYrty.  Ami 
th.  m'.I  .1  sbene  which  gave  n  suitahh'  ami  appropr! 

ai,  conclusion  .to  thi  «i  \i<-c- t,i' the  day.  THe  Their  fornled 
inline  the  Captain  thanked  them  for  ttfeir  gan\-Ufl  and 
,  Hi,  i.  ni  eMiiduct  ami  then  Mr.  V.  fcf.  Thayer,  a  Well  known 
;,nd  greatly  esteeiued  citizen,  in  the  name  bf  his  eonira/N  , 
proposed  that  tliey  should  aii  km  el  and  oiler  up  a  p  rife  or  to 
.\hii'iLrht\  Cod  lor  their  safely  ai'ul  their  t riiiinph.  .\ 
prayer  was  udad  Uy  Mi*.  Thayer',  in  his  peculiarly  iinjfrea  -ive 

',.•.  iVoin  the  ('oininoii  I'raycr  r.ool:.  Sergeaiif  Hikcwell 
added  n  few  words  of  elpqtreYil  thankfulness,  and  the  whole 
.  < .mi >n it v  .uttered  ;i  solemn    "Aiii'ii."      Rarely    has    llicr'e 

n  exhibited  so  aubrime  n  display  of  natural  fMetj  :i  thai 
of  those  -.dlanl  young  men,  w  ho  had  keen  all  day  engaged 
m  the  wildest  scenes  of  mortal  destruction  and  lckle 
(taring  -who  had  nol  had  a  moment  for  reflection  or 
thought,  for  any  gentle  or  tender  emotion,  now  kftficfing  in 
the  midsi  of  an  enemy's  camp,  siirroiiftflctl  hy  tire  dead  ami 
dying,  and  all  the  desolating,  consequence^  of  a  deadly  ami 
.ei  conflict,   and   offering   %>   rVrveni    prayers   to 


117 

Almighty  God  for  his  care,  protection  and  aid  in  the  hour 
df  danger  and  trial. 


THE    BATTLE    OK    Sill  Lo  II 

A  NIUIIT  OP  ANXIETY. 

The  rest  and  refreshment  in  the  inglorious  wimps  of  the 
enemy,  so  greatly  needed  and  so  fondly  anticipated,  by  cuir 
exhausted  troops  on  the  night  of  the  Gth  April,  wore  rudely 
interrupted.     Early  in  the  night  that  invariable  effect  of  a 
severe  battle  and  great  cannonading  followed  the  prolon       I 
struggle  of  the  day.     A  heavy  shower  came  np  and  contin 
ued  the  greater  part  of  the  night.     The  heaven'    had  been 
clear  and  cloudless,  the  air  warm  and  balmy  during  thai 
day,  but  now,  at  night,  dark  clouds  hung  heavilv  in    the 
sky,   and  the   rain   fell   in    torrents,   and   the    atmosphere 
hecame  suddenly  chilly.     Our  men  huddled  in  the  enemy  e 
tents  without   blankets,  or  any    other   covering   but  theii 
ordinary  uniforms.     There   was,  another  source  of  trouble 
and  anxiety.     The  enemy's  gunboats  < ■ontinu.'d   firing  all 
night,     throwing     conical       1 1 • ' I L :     into    th"    flftmps,    which 
exploded  with  d<\  tructwre   effects,    scattering   small    fra« 
incuts  of  iron  in   every  direction,  and  fre<(ucntl\   ivomidiliji 
men  and  horses.     Under  these  depressing  c^fcnmstai 
our  army  passed  tic  night.     TOotfr Generals  ft  w.i '  a  nigHt 
of  special  anxiety,     (alen,  Beanre^ard   and  staff  had  -   ed- 
li :  1 1 . ' I   their  headquarters  in   the  midst    of  their    Yankee 
camps  near  the  < > I » 1  log  and  boarded  church  or  rather  me<  l 
ing  houee,  which  had   given  a   name    to  the    battle  field 

and  anxious  con  sulfations   were    held    at    th. 

quarters.  <Jcn.  Pftlk,ift apprehensimrbf  the  encrnj  making 
an  eifort  to  get.  in  on  our  lefl  flank,  had  estahlished  hi-^ 
quarters  some  distance  in  the  rear  and  on  the  left      Here 

he    and    sta  If  passed   the   nigh!    in    the   mid   I     ol    .'.hi' 

intended  ai  the  amputating  hospital,  but  which  had 
become  o  general  ho  pita!      This  ho  »pital  qu 


u 

.i,-.l  wiili  ill .  i  ami 
- 

t.  wliirh  v.  b    harrowing 
ant  •l;!-. •..                         the  tltroat-r;itth\  the 

pitiful  ;ords, 
-,:<!  ir'mml 

:ing  a  nlafac   w:'  "                   l  he 

rowing  s 

■ 

',■'.'  have 

loll  iu  uat   i-HUce.     Tin1 

;u.ii>:il;i 
. 
.;....  •  rear, 

Hi'  miud  mi  m  i      .   .  m  ior  our 

•us   liuil  i-ver 
tin  'liu'l  «uir  Kearl  wrarq  tb  <iiny 

1,1  :  Willi*  ii'"i:i 

.:,-...■  :.,  .    I 

,    '.:      ■    ,  .    ;i"i'!    JVil 

:'■  .    •  .                    '  ' 

i  od    ami    ii^hieiieo    1 1 \  •]><■                   "                          eri'ui 

iu,  Uio  w  ouderiiiJ  ..            tb  wliiol)  our  wounded 

.,  ■    . 

^phiiou      i'.i    tlw    Noun^vr       •■    .      .  ipjillgd,    who 

[\y  wounded — many  *•!'  fcjieiM  inuti 
hurt  I  to  have  as  liUlo  In^d  oi' their  pains  and  d.m 

IT  returning  from  the  play  ground.      Kv.-ry   tt'bere   it 
•.[  p.u'..ni  ih.a  tlmoluVr  ■•,.-  |    .  wounded  1... 

far  UlON    :..\i    ity  an  !    .  - » :  I  i » •  *  i  il. h'.    ;; 

ami  lnoi"'.  anxiety  as  to  the  cll&raeter  of  their  wmnuls,  than 
'.;.,-  ,  .laii-.-i ••;•  soldiers,  many   oi'  thorn    >'•'■  •    from    our  high 
.•h".i!  -. 

All  t  Iu?  hospital  >ou   ci .  »v.  ,'n-A.     TluTO   \vci'<'   (jew 

buildings  near  the  hat  tie-  field.    These  had  beeu  appropriated 
}i«.  hospitals,  but  were  quite  jifWlcquate,   ami  all  the.  tents 


149 

that  had  been  bronchi  by  our  army  were  devoted  to  hosjpital 
turpoaes.  Still  there  were  hundreds  who  had  no  shelter. 
Many  remained  in  the  wagons;  many,  alas!  were  left  ih 
Hie  air,  exposed  to  the  cold  rain.  All  that  could  he  done 
for  them  w'afe  Spue.  The  surgeons  were  diligent  and  iude- 
fati^abie.  Their  labors  wore  incessant.  "By  dim  lights,  and 
in  the  open  air.  they  were  feompelted  to  perform  the  most 
delieate  surgical  operations.  It  was  cheering,  indeed,  to 
ofoserve  the  universal  spirit  of  brotherly  love,  the  earnest 
humanity,  the  entire  absence  of  selfishness  which  were  dis- 
played by  all  cfasses  in  attendance  on  Ihe  wounded. 

The  constant  .shelling  of  the  Yankee  camps  by  the  -nn 
bo;its  early  in  the  night,  induced  us  to  shift,  our  miarfi ■;■■;. 
and  creeping  into  a  Wagon  (already  pretty  well  filled 
with  sleepers)  near  one  of  the  hospitals,  we  sought  a  few 
hours  oi  sleep.  Rut.  exhausted  as  we  were,  we  could  only 
snatch  a  few  minutes  01  broken'  and  unsatisfying  slumber. 
The  groans  of  the  suffering,  the  cries  of  those  nndcrgninp; 
tionsj  and.  more  than  all,  the  awful  gurgling  Bound 
made  by  a  poor  fellow  who  had  been  shot  through  tUc 
lungs,  and  had  been  laid  out  to  die  under  the  wagon  in 
which  we  lay.  was  terribly  tiding  to  our  nerves  and  • 
biiities. 

TIiub  the  night  passed— a  night  of  continual  rain.  Vfc 
were  arou.-cd  before  dayligh I  bye  rapid  and  irregular  fire, 
extending  along" the  whole  line  and  over  Ihe  wfto!< 
occupied  by  our  troop*.  We  soon  learned  that  ibi-  wnf 
the  firing  of  our  own  men.  whose  guns  bad  become  W<  ' 
and  foul    from    ex  •    during  the  vain.     Wc   no'.', 

eeoded  to  the  front,  to  learn  what  was  to  be  (he  or<'< 
tin- day.     Repairing  to  the  headquarters  of  Gen, 
garcl,  w"  found  thai  ever  cool  and  vigilant  chief  - 
front  ol  <ci-' of  tin' eiiciiy'-  )•  nls  with    his  aid-.  Ool.  Joooh 
'I  'lioinp«.n.  Col.  Jordan,  Ool..Chiaelni  and  BCvcral  of  hi- 
The  (Jeneral  wj  ring  reports  from  c  >uri<  --and 

scouts.     It  was obvious  that  he  intended  i 
l!  w.<  ring  and  inspiring  to  observe,  bis  calm 


I.'.M 

♦  .-Hon  and  ;  |  ion   and  alertness.     There 

.mi'  to  him  <  v«Ty  minute  the  most  <  »»n  Hi«-(  iii.^r  ai  c<  units  ot 

i  neiu>  h  movements.     Kii  I,  it  was  reported  the  «  1 1  < •  1 1 1 v 

flanking  our  right  The  Gi  neral  quickly  gave  an  order 

(o  send  a  brigade  in  thai  direction.     The  order  had  hardly 

led  before  another  courier  contradicted   this  report,  and 

bed  thai  no  enemy   was   visible   in   that  direction.     The 

'.•    •   1 1,  era  remarked  to  one  of  his  aids:  ^'Thiaiaone 

i  Motph'e  blrad  erames,     I  wi  h   I   had  h'mi  h<  re  to  help 

in-  pleg  it  out.'    Presently  rode  up  Col.  Beard,  oi   Florida, 

an  acting  aid  oi  Gep.  B.,  holding  hie  Kit   aTm.  which  \ 

i1  mounting,  he  reported  the  reconnoisance  he 
had  been  ordered  t<>  make  thai  thi  enemy's  outpost  were 
not  nearer  thau  three-quarters  <»t' a  mile  from  our  lines — 
that  fi"in  the  strength  of  hi  a  advance  parties  i  I  was  obvious 
thai  he  intended  to  renew  the  battle.  In  making  this  re- 
onnoissance,  the.  Colonel  had  beeu  tired  at  by  about  fifty 
kuiui.  li>  i  .  aud  one  of  the  balls  had  struck  bis  left  arm. 

Tie  i  ued  a  number  of  ordera,  which  were 

rapidly  « .» iii'  1   "i!  'by   his  eouiiers  and  aids.     Urn- order. 
which  wa     feu  ad   tie    moal   difficult  to  enforce,  directed 
.  i .* )  pi  hi    aida  to  proceed  to  the  rear,  and  with  such  <>i 
our  <  avalry  m  could  be  found  to  occupy  all  the  roads  and 
event   btraggling  parti''.--   from   leaving  the  field,  and  to 
■  apture  and  drive  hack  to  their  posts   those  who  were  leav- 
ing.    In  this  way  a  good  many  straggleri  were  reclaimed. 
Man\  were  induced  to  return  by  the  appeals  of  officers,  hut 
•    <   uuim!"  r  excused  themselves  by  the  plea  of  utter 
t  June  ti"n.  hv  w  omul:   and     ickn<       :   i  'I  hers  set  .up  the  still 
veakej  •  ecu     of  having  losl  their  oftceta,  and  not  know 
•■  here  t->  fuel  their  regiments.     These   reductions   and 
•'      <  ,i  i.altie     ..f  the   day    before    had    greatly  thinned  our 
Bui  the  spirit  of  those    who    remained   to  figfci  was 
ipbroken,      Ke^iments  and  brigades  were  now  mads  up  of 
all  the  fragments  that  could  bo   marched  to  the  front.     In 
r  •     the  commanders  of  these  newly  organized  corps 
Ktempomed,  the  authority  of  any   gallantly  bearing 


151 

officer  being  eheerfiilly  recognized  by  subordinate^  and 
l»nvat<  .  .  1 1  \\ .i..  now  light.  The  heavens  were  still  hung 
why  murky  clouds,  ami  the  air  wag  eold.  We  were  •  itting 
in  the  cnrin\ ';.  cacap,  near  the  staff  qj  G?u.  Beauregard, 
when  the  familiar  but  (lever  to  us  agreeable  wbistb  oi 
Mini"'  balls  began  to  strike  unpleasantly  upon  the  ear.  l  The 
enemy  must  be  near,"  *  v»olly  remarked  the  General.  r  YYV 
will  mount,  gentlemen,  and  go  to  the  front. " 

The  Ceueral  arrived  in  trout  in  time to.  witness  the  ad 
\;m<e  of  the  enemy.  Here  the  indefatigable  Bragg  had 
already  busied  hiinself  in  making  the  best  formation  thai 
1  'i-uid  be  made  to  naeel  the  advancing  foe.  Hardee,  with 
the  remnant  of  his  eorps.  with  Wood's,  Hindman  's,  i'lial 
mar's  and  Glad  don's  brigade     -tbe  latter  uo  loug<  r  led  1" 

gallant  Col.   Adam  ■.  «it'  Louisiana,  who  !ia<l  be.  u    .       1 
ly  wounded  on  Sunday    -.till  held  the  light.      Breekjuridgi 
with  what  remained  .  of  his    division,    with   Trae  en 

ham's  and  Bowen's  brigades,  stood,  as  linn   as  Gibraltar 
the  hii  of  Hardee,  while  Bfagg   and  .juggles  held  tfic  ■ 
treme   left   of   our    lim     with    the    remaimler  of  their   fin< 
division,  eked  out  l>y  a  portion  of  Cheatham's  and   Clark'- 
divisionof  1'idk'.-  ■  <>rj» .,;    while   <ieii.    Polk,   with   tin    r< 
mainder  of  his.orj. .,  brought  up  a  strong  reserve  to  support 
eiiher   division    in    the   front    that    might   need  aid.     Tin 
•  rai  batterie-  were  placed  in  the  most  favorable  j...  hi. .11 

in  lie  regard  to  brigade;  . 
<teu.    r.eam    ;  ■•    the    fight,    \va    • 

I  with  huzza.-.   A  few  word   of  cheer  ami  eueourAj 
:i-    .  •  1 .   uttered  \<y  him  loth  i  1  omniaudi  1 

[)Qi    •    i        I  •   ww    ii"  time  now  for  f  pi  'I'h- 

bearing  down  en  our  grcatlj  weakened  lin<    .ith 
and  boldness  v.  hi<  h    ■  aii.Wied    •     •  ho 

ivcd     them     ilia*     they     liad     1  .        .  | 

apprehended    thai    Uuell's   whole  arm\    had   i-  ■   b 
Tennee  ■•    .     Tl  was  coi  Hi  m  m 

intelligence   ol  .  < 

We  bave  no  n  !:.thle  information  even  now  thai    uoli  n  in 


152 

be  bad  reached  him.  It  was  regarded  jnotdpfoba- 
bte  that  lie  should  be  reinforced  by  Wallace's  division,  which 
had  abundant  tii  up  from   Crump's  Landing, 

e  it  had  arrived   from  n  rcouI  towards  Purdy.     Brcn 

divi  of  eight   or  ben   thousand  meti  would  have 

r»cen  :i  most  valuable  reinforcement,  competent  to  (urn  the 
cale^of  battle  between  two  armies  whieh  had  already  been 
engaged  in  the  exhaftsting  and  prolonged  conflict  »>f  the 
day  before.  A  rouoh  smaller  reinforcement  of  fresh  troops 
for  OUT  army  would  have,  enabled  us  1<»  Complete  tHe  work 
of  Hie  day  before— -indeed,*  would  have  made  one  dfTy'sjdb 
of  it.     Many  thought  it   tli.    best  utri  » have  pushed 

the  fi  .Id  to  ii  conclusion  oh  t In ■  firs!  day.  and  that  our  army 
might  easily  have  Keen  induced  to  advance  under  the  lire 
of  tip  and    ifiiidi.'ats.    and  thus  have  ar- 

eomplishcd  the  end  much  more  efficiently  than  by  the  long 
and  furious  bombardment  of  th€  artillery;  It  wm  pretty 
i  \;d.  lit  that  that  bombardment  had  not  produced  the  effects 

ipatcd  iVom  ft.     Prom  the  quantity  of  shot  and  shell 
(ircd  by  our  thirty-six  pieces,  we  bortdufled  that  the  »  many 

iihili  t  d.  1'ut  we  had  npl  learned  what  a 
quantity  of  ammunition  may  bo  wasted  m  a  battle.  We 
did  learn  on  this  occasion  how  little  die,  live  the  best  artil- 
lery is  without  being  followed  nta  by  that  weapon  which 
determines,  the  n  ulte  of  battles,  the  invincible  musket. 
The  enemy  did  not  give  Hardee,  the  ever  reliable, observant 
and  careful  Hardee,  long. to  complete  and  strengthen  his 
division.     They   began    the  attack   near   the    river,  with  a 

force  of1  infantry   and  several  batteries.     The  vigor, 

spirit  and  ccBblntion  of  this  assault  surpassed  any  of  their 

of  the  da}  before.  Hardee  met  them  with  unbroken 

and  unexhausted  valor.    The  batteries  opened  ter- 

and     ihe    whoh'    line-,    on    l.oth    sides,  seemed  to  be 

wrapped  in  a  bright  Same,  From  the  constant  fire  of  the 
musketry.     This  was  one  of  of  the 

two  d.iy  ■•.  It  was  maintained  with  "Teat  obstinacy  by  both 
parties.     The  two  opposing  lines  oscillated  With  the  varying 


153  . 

results  of  the  conflict  Now  the  enemy — and  now  our  lines 
would  ]5e  presscfl  baotcward.  oomcdFthc  ba&eriefc  changed 
bands  several  times.  Ai  o\w  timb  tlic  enemy  would  over- 
power  and  drive  b*ack  the  Infantry  support  of  abattcryjjnfl 
oobaiil  possession  of  it,  and  then  by  a  like  advanee  of  our 
iiifajitry  would  be  despoiled  of  hia  trophies  and  routed. 
Thus  our  own  .~>th  company,  Washington  Artillery,  was 
twice  rescued  from  theni — once  bv  the  1st  Missouri,  under 
Cpi.  Rich,  who  was  himself  badly  wounded.  Ai  the  same 
time  fell  that  gallant  young  officer,  so  well  known  and  so 
much  heloved  iii  this  community,  Capt.  Sprague.  On  the 
second  occasion  the  Washington  Artillery,  which  was 
always  getting  into  dangerous  places,  and  often  too  near 
{he  coven  of  the  enemy's  sharp  shooters,  who  seemed  to 
take  a  special  grudge  again sj  our  gallant  boys,  was  saved 
hy  a  timely  charge  of  the  Orescent-;,  who,  pouring  a  heavy 
volley  into  the  enemy,  enabled  the  artillerists  to  limher  up 
and  haul  oil*  their  pieces  to  the  rear.  The  losses,  of  both 
the  5tn  company  and  the  Crescents,  on  this  occasion,  were 
heavier  than  prj  the  day  before.  Ci  was  inihis  couflicj  thai 
noble  offidc)'  and  gentleman,  Oap!.  Graham,  of  the  Louisi- 
ana Guards,  Co.  C;  of  the  Crescent  Regiment,  fell  at  the 
head  of  his  company.  By  his  side  tell  young  Arthur  R. 
Olaik,  son  of  Dr.  Clark,  of  this  city,  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting and  noble  youths  we  ever  knew.    [Ie  wasjusf  scvoii- 

a  delieal  ful,  gentle  but  brave  and  manly  youth 

now,  we  canivt  recall  our 
las!  interview  with  ihis  noble  boy  without  an  inexpressible 
feeling  of  anguish,  lie  was  an  only  sou,  the  idol  of  hia 
family  aiid  i^\'  all  who  knew  him.     tie  said  to   usj  as  gaily 

King  to  the  field  pf.  combat,  "  I  want  you  to  tell  my 
lather  how  1  fignl  to  day;  and  it  I  am  killed  lake  my  body 

to  him.-'  ii-  r  immii  in  my  cenipauy  than 

tha 

- 
amplcs  and  m  Lu  thy  - 

conflict  fell   that    tall   and   mi  ' 


■  154 

Campbell,  of  the. Surotei    kith ■■-  -;•    mosl    promising   com 
mander,  who  had   left   a   -i<k   bed   to   take  his  post]  ip  the 
march  ami  butties.     So,  too,  fell  young  Todd— the  brother 

of  fhe  k'  Lady  ofthe  Wliifc  Hon..."  who  hold   bighfevclry 
after  tin'  recent  decease  of  her  .own  son,  ami  while  lp  i  ">\  i 
brothei     are   pouring  o.ut  Up-  blood  they  derived  from  a 
i  omrnon  parent  in  Up-  defeu  e  of  tip'  soil  of  her  and  tin  ii 
tore,   against   tip'  hired   mercenaries  of  her  husband. 
Then,  too,  ifll,  either  killed  or  wounded,  others  of  tin  b(  ": 
blood  of  oitr  city — young  hp'h,  who  had  left  hone 
and  wealth]  ami   doting  relatives  ami  friends,  in  reqpou  e 
t<>  tip'  6W1   of  our  iralhini    Louisiana  chief.     Anion--  the 
wounded  there  was  not   one  which   excited  gn  ater  anxiety 
ami  alarm  than  that  heroic  ami  dashing  officer,  Lieut  Slot 
cotnb,    61    tip1  •'•tli  company    Washington    Artillery.     Hi 
bearing  during  the  (wo  days  had  drawn  upon  him  the  ad 
miration    of  the    whole    army.      II*'    li.nl    shown  -"tn-t liin;-. 
•  veil   more  valuable  limn  the  in. >  i    brilliant  courage,  ami 
daring.     Thai  was  no    rare  virtue   in  our  army,      lint  with 
it  Slorouih  united  the  most  cai'elnl  attention  to  every  detail 
of  duty— a   perfect    knowledge   of  all    the  appliances  ami 
rul^ior  the  efficienl  use  of  artillery,  ami  wonderful  <pii<  L 
nesfnn  seizing  every  advantage  ami  in  controlling  his  nn  n 
ami  even  his  horses.     Struck  by  a  hall  in  the  breast, H  was 
believed    that    the    wound    was   mortal.      I>ut  he  would  uol 

leave  the  tiehl  until  his  n-iins  were  all  timbered  up  and 
borne  safely  out  of  the  reach  <>t'  the  enemy's  infantry.,  tie 
then  galloped  to  a  hospital.  His  faithful  horse,  pierced  by 
a  half  dozen  bullets,  bpre  him  some  distance  -indeed  t « » 
the  very  hospital  tent  ;  and  wdicn  he  was  lifted  from  1  he 
addle,  the  iiohh-  animal  lay  quietly  down  and  breathed  hi  i 

last. 

Bui  these  incidents  have  carried  us  ahead  of  the  regular 
order  of  otir  narrative.  After  sustaining,  with  various 
fortunes,    tin1    VigOtOtte    0HSC1    of  the  enemy   on   our  right, 

Hardee  perceived  tlie  enemy  uioying  a  large  force  tow 
his  left,  us  if  to  force  hack  that  point  of  his  lines,      I  hi.  I. 


mridge  wn.;  as  ■  jtiirk  fo  perceive  bke  movement,  and  briBg? 
in«;-  his  men  up  handsomely,  gave  flic  order  to  charge. 
Most  effe,  fually  was  lliis  Oftarge  made.      The  enemy  reeled 

.m<l  fell  back,  hroken  ;in<l  disordered.  Meantime,  Hardee's 
batteries  opened  upon  them  with  great  vigor.  But  still,  in 
large  hodies,  tlie  enemy  continued  to press fovwftrd Oft dttwn 
points,  and  uow  tlie  whole  line  became  engaged,  and  the 
battle  raged  with  great  I'iut.  Through  tlie  cloud  of  smoke 
and  the  storms  of  hullets  and  balls,  the  creel  and  dauntless 
figure  i  of  Bragg  and  1 'can regard  could  be  Sees  galloping 
from  point  to  point,  reforming  and  reorganising  <  "ip  .  fill- 
ing up  lines,  ami  urging  the  men  forward.  Thenceforward 
the  haftle  became  the  Severest  and  m  v.i  hardly  contested  of 
any  ever  fought  on  this  eontiucnt.  We  had  hut  lo,<)00  to 
contend  will)     : ',0,000    or     Jo.000.      Pveryhody  WAS  nov 

■••(1  in  the  content.  Pvery  corps  Wft8  now  hrought,  into 
the  thickest.  It  wa,  .  in  fact,  a  series  of  battles.  Ruggle's 
division,  from  its  original  position  of  reserve,  was  thrown 
forward  into  the  centre  ,,f  the  hattlc — all  the  regiments 
engaging  hriddy  in  the  eonlliet.  Tt  would  he  vain  in  our 
limited  attempt  a  description    of  the   operations  of 

all  the  variou    corps. 

Pull  justice  cannot  l>e  done  unlil  all  the  reports  have  been 
made  and  r  large  hook  might  he  made  up.  of  even  brief 
description.,  of  these  exploits.  Suffice  it  for  q£  hero  to  s:i\ 
Louisiana  had  a  targe  -hare  in  the  eomhat,  and  thaf  no 
soldiers  could  have  home  Ihem  elves  more  nobly  in  this 
ierrihle  conilict  than  those  of  our  several  regiments.  W* 
i  annOt  mention  any  parficular  corps  without  being  regarded 
a  -  invidious :  hut  in  spite  of  this  danger,  we  must  bear 
•'iiinn\  to  tie  h  and  dauntless  bea 

0§  (   ol.   M.-nton.  of  ihe  1S<|1,,    who    received    Kifl     ■',  mid    or 
third  wound  in  lie-  conflict  :     fco'tfte    '  •  ■  1 1 "  i •  <  ■  .or  with 

which  k'eichard  led  that  fine  regiment  the  20th  1  rmisiana, 

whose   l.ienU  !i:mf-(  "ohuiel.    the    true  ;ind  hr:i\c    Ham    l'"od. 

the  thickest  of  the  fight.     8o,  too,  the  "hkx 
11th,"  still  without  the  veteran  Colonel    ami    their   d 


for,  I'ut  in  good  hands  when  led  ay  the  ehivalric  Lieu- 
ut-<  '.il.'iH-l.  1 ;« »bi-it   M.  r.anvu.  aided  hy  the  yOUttg 

:  ■•  pid   (  ':l]»t.   A  U- 1  i  ii.    ;  >uii,;.1mI.       Ali  tl' 

regiments  had  suffered  dreadfully   in   tl  ftay 

hefofcB,  1  nit  with  tlir  rem  nanus  of  oiher  Louisiana  regime 
they  still  mustered  their  thinned  ranks  in  froat*     Whilst 
battle  was  thus  raging  all  alemg  tin'  centre  aji.l  right, 
Cheatham    never   relishing  the   position   <>f  reserve,   had" 
itolen  around  on  the  1-  ft,  and  encountering  a  lai 
the  enemy,  which  mem  pnosaing  r<>r\\  ;ir.l   ia  that  direction, 
made  one  of  thu  most  slendid    Qhavges   thai    had    yet    heen 
made  by  our  troops.     This  wa- done  with  Stephen's}  Doug: 
las's,  Vaughan's  and  Preston  Smith's Tenne 
(icn.  Beauregard  seeing  this  charge,  clapped  hishauds  with 
joy,  and  declared   th;it    it   was  the  grandest  charge  he  had 
eve:-  wit m\-.-' '.1.      Driving    the    enemy    hark  ihree  hundred 

rda,  Cheatham  new  occupied  a  hill  from  which  the  [\>r 
had  been  dri\<n.  and  establishing  his  batten  i  opened 
upon  the  enemy  OUC  <jf  the    un-si    d<  st  rneti . 

suffered,    h  was  on  this  occasion  thftt  Ch'Tiiiam. 
\   lew  artillerist     \\    cc  hi.  \->  man  his  gnus,  dismounte.! 
and  set    to    work    vigorously    as    a  -miner.'      With  sueh  an 
example,  no  wonder  that  thoeo  hatleries  were  worked  with 
I  ueh  pOW  er  and  died. 

Though  the  Kentucky  regiments   bad    heen     tcrrihly    eut 
up  in  the  desperate  charge  SO  opportunely  math'   bv  ihek 
inridge  there    remainod    enough    of  them    to   execute  bhe 
order  to  charge  a  large  body  of  the  enemy  stationed  on  a 

hill.      The    ;;d    and    -llh     Regiments    leaped  forward  at  the 
command,  aiid  rushing  forward  found  themselves  contend- 
iug  with  several  thousand  of  tlie   enemy.     The  shots  Wi 
howcred  on  them  from  the    right    and    tie-    left,    and   the 
front.     Their  attack  and  position  were  in  many  respe 

like  those  of  the  Light  Brigade  at  l?alaklava.  Here  the 
Keiiimkian-  lost  in  a  lew  priuQtcS  more  than  in  the  whole 
ju-evious  day's  fight*  I;  was  here  that  Lieut. Jpol.  Hines 
and  Qapt.  Knuekh »sa  and  ('apt.  Leu.  Monroe,  were  wound- 


157 

etl  j  and  here  if  was  while  gallantly  leading  his  men  to  the 
■saperate  chatge  th«4   the  gallant  Major  Monroe received 

the  shotlhav.  i.erminaied  hisnsefnl  lite.  Iu  justice"  to  the 
memory  of  tin-  noble  dead,  ;« n *  1  as  an  ineentive  to  the  aspir< 
inj;-  yonny  men  of  cm- eonntry,  we  propose  to  dwell  ft)P  fl 
moment  upon  the  history  Of  this  youthful  hero. 

'■led  from  a  family   that   gave   a    President    to  the 
.  ill'-  -T.'jiilsoii    of  that    (icii.    Adair   who.    as 

rnor  of  Kentucky.  Senator,  and  milifry  ehieftain,  has 
'"!>  ;.n  immortal  name,  lie  inherited  bfood  that  has  not  beon 
disgraced  in  his  veins.     At  the  age  of  twenty-one   he  -was 

■  i  M;i\>ir  of  Lexington,  though  he  was  a  prominent 
1  Vuio.Tat.  and  the  town  btirfg  in  the  heart-of  the  Ashland 
District^  was  almo :■(■  unanimously  Whig.  His  ahility  soon 
:,  t ;  r:i^  tori  attention,  and  he  was  selected  by  the  stock  hold- 
aimton  Statesman  to  edit  that  paper.  •This 
he  did  tor  several  years  ahly  and  fearlessly.  In  I860  lie 
was  ma<le  Seeretar  of  Slate,  though  but  26  yaiv  < > I <  1 .  <  >n 
the  election  of  Lincoln,  himself  and  his  aged  father,  who 
had  been  appointed  CJ.  S.  dinlev  by  GrOH!.  Jacfcson,  imme- 
diately took  position  with  the  South.  Pay  alter  day  the 
Lexington  Statesman  issued  from  the  presft  filled  with  i'ear- 
l nilly  written  articles  in  favor  of  our  cause, 
and  it  is  a  well  known  fa--t  th:;t  so  long  as  yotfng  Monroe 
remained  the  adviser  ©f  Gov.  Mau-«>!lin,  that  weak  man 
favored  the  ■-     ithei'n  cause.      It  was  only  when   he  loel  the 

rfal  support?  of  this  yonthtnl   adviser  that    he  went  to 
leray.     At  iength  the  Monroe-,   the  -ray 

I  lather  and  two  sons.    \,ere  driven  tp>m  their  hot 
Yo'iii'.'-  T.  J'..    Monroe,   cm   the    recommendation    of  CJen. 
i'.urki;..-.  wns  immediately  appointed    Major,   and   th< 
forth  ■  ■  .  day  and  night*  to  preparing  hi-- 

rnent  for  duty.     Ai  Bowling  Green  he  snared   Bb 
:;  degree  Jehnston'i    confidence,  in  Breckinrid 
that  liis  regia  kneed   fifteen  rmtas  in  stdvat* 

all  the  rest  of  ihe  army,  exc.pt   I  lindnian'-  Arkai 
ade.  # 

i 


1. 1 

\l:ij. >r  M"!i!.m'  foughl  ail  day  Sunday  at  the  head  of  liia 
regiment,  part  of  the  6 mo  oaimaading.  Ili>  horse  was 
twice  wounded.     <>n  Monday,  at   aboul    I   o'clock,  a  ball 

•  I  through  hia  body.  Be  was  removed  to  the  hospital, 
u  here  la-  lived  two  homy*  \\<-  aid  he  could  uol  complain 
at  hia  fate — it  was  what  a  soldier  anould  be  always  ready  to 
expect,  and  then  sending  messages  to  hia  family,  hia  laid 
himself  iu  tin'  arms  of  his  wounded  brother  at  hia  tide,  and 
Ilia  .-pint  passed  away.  Lie  leaves  a  wile  la  daughter  of 
Judge  Griera  of  tbe  I  .  S.  Supreme  Court  and  two  infant 
children,      lie  was   1m. in  in  Krankn  >i  i.  Kv..  and  died  at  the 

•  i'  28.     The  army   being  compelled  t(>  fail  back,  and 
there  being  an  insufficiency   of  ambulances,   his  body  waa 
i v  1 1  in. one  el  the  tents;  hut  a  Bag  od  tm.  <•  sent   bj   - 
Breckinridge  brings  the  intelligence  thai  hid  I ►« >•  1  \  wast  with 
his  1'wrmer  friend-,  and  would  l>e  decently  interred. 

The  lose  of,  the  Kentucky  Brigade  exceeded  58  percent, 
and  \\a>  larger  than  that  pf  an\  ether  brigade  in  the  army. 

Bui  we  <;inm»t  mention  all  Che  riiuri  i  i,  all  the  valorous 
.  Hoi  i>  id'  Kin-  gallant  arms.     Tln\  were  uniformly  siici 

fill  ;      hnl    attain    tin'    enein;.     wmild    return    wi<h    iinn.i  I    ! 

immbera  and  renovated  vigor,  We  could  always  whip  them 
back,  hut  it  was  always  al  fearful  aacriliee.  UareJy  did  the 
men  hesitate  or  falter  in  obeying  the  order  to  charge. 
Whenever  they  did,    nine  of  our  chiefs  would    .•!..,•  the  Sag 

.Hid  hear  it  ahead,  and  then  with  ft  yell  the  men  WOllld  i  u-  h 

alter  him.  ( >n  inofe  than  Oneoocasioi]  did  Gen,  Beauregard 
.  ei/.e  the  opportunity  df  a  momentary  hesitation  to  Lead  OH 
the  charge.  On  one  of  felneae  occasion  .  wlien  passing  the 
l.attalion  o|  (iarde  d'Orleans,  now  ii  dined  tb  little  oyer  -1 
company,  be  grasped  their  beantiiuJ  Blandaru,  and  si  touting 
•Allon  me-  braves  lamisianois  en  a\ant.'  lie  galloped 
forward,  the  w  hole  line  following  with  an  irresi. -tilth'  i m 
pule.  This  little  corps  of  (iarde  iTOHeaus  had  sm  Oil  c<  I 
iua\ily.  It  had  he< >|]  treated  as  a  regiment  and  left  toper 
|..rin  the  work  of  a  regiment,  regardless  of  its  numerical 
weakness.     But  the  brave  Creoles  jiever  shrink  from   anj 


159 

peril,  especially  when  led  by  the  gallant  Qucrouz  ;  and, 
wheil  he  was  wounded,  they  wen1  directed  by  that  splendid 
soldier,  a  voluntaer  for  lliis  occasion,  Major  Dumonteil,  wlio 
had  served  in  the  French  army,  and   had  been  engaged  in 

SoHle  6f  tin1  severest  battles  on  the  eontinent.  ( bi'Sumlav , 
when  the  battalion  had  been  inconsidoiately  ordered  with 
tlie  t&th  and  16th  kouisiauTi  Uegiments  to  attack  a  power, 
till  battery  of  the  enemy,  supported  by  a  large  force  of 
infantry.  Major  D.  volunteered  to  pioneer  them,  and,  at 
ureal  personal  risk,  approached  within  a  short  distance  of 
id-1  enemy's  position  through  a  tremendous  storm  of  bull- 
Thus  charge  of  the  (birdes  d'Orleans  was  one  oi'  the  most 
desperate  of  the  day.  Nearly  half  of  the  battalion  were 
truck  do\rn  by  llie  enemy's  big  guns  and  musketry.  In 
justice  to  (Jen.  1'ond  we  should  here  state  that  though  he 
made  this  order,  it  was  giyeu  him  by  a  superior  officer,  and 
he  prod,  fed  against  it.  During  the  lighting  of  this  bat 
talien  bli  both  days,  the  bravest  man  perhaps  in  the  whole 
corp-  w  as  that  meek  and  pious,  but  fearless  priest,  the 
R<  \.    Mr.  Turgi s,  who  thrOOghout    these  bloody    days  never 

tion  near  the  eblort  of  the  regiment,   save  to 

i  cndci-  aid  to  the  wounded,  to  administer  religion  con  o 
lation  to  the  d\  ing,  and  to  sc.iire  the    bodies    of  the    dead. 

In  the  discharge  of  these  duties  he  wa  ever  the  last  man 
to  leave  the  field,  mid  even  when  it  was  occupied  l,v  the 
enemy,  he  remained  behind  to  look  after  some  of  the 
.ended:  Whil.-t  supporting  one  of  the  wounded  men  of 
the<;.ode    d^Orleans,  several  of  the  enemy's  balls   pa    .  I 

through   hi     clothe   ,  and  olie  between  two  of   hi.     In 

tic  \  were  pre'ssiiig  (he  breaj  t  of  the  wounded  man. 

'1'he  ., aill'iet   had  now  continued  fr-m  8  o'ch>  k     \.  M.  till 

I    I'.     \|.        The   .  ■  1  i « •  I  il  \     had    I  >«i    (I     lep,  ;il..,||y    <  |  |  1  \  <   1 1    (Volll    hi 

po.  iiiou,  but  tbi --.  Hue    eemed   to  be  to  exhaust  and  w< 
out  our  men.     Thus  far  he   had    had    tome    ucce  -  in  thi. 

strategy'.     Oftr   I"  i<      had    1 u    \>w   beavy.     <  > u i  rank 

were  growi  eptibly  wcakei     the  ujeu     till  iudomtfa 

b|e      I n  proportion  to  the  uumbci  .  ualti< 


I6Q 

ere  much  greater  thaj^u  the  battlo  of  th»  It 

was  now  after  three  o'clock,  wheu  Gen.  Bcauregajd  deter- 
mined to  withdraw  the  army.     Tni  "  dmirahly  d 
Bragg,  with  I^etcnum's  aud  other  batteri  8,  and  several 
regiments  of  infantry,  engaged  the  attention  oJ  the  eu< 
on  the  left,  whilst  BrecMarjdgo.  held  hl'm  sequrply  on  the 
right.     Among  the  regiments  stillkepl  i •  hy  Bra 
were  the  lenqinants  of  several  from  Liouisii 
-     now  rc'cTiicctJ  to  companies,   but    were   still  at  their  | 
There  were  what,  was  lefi  of  Pond's  brigade— tlie  1 
own  regiment,  the  17th,  under  Lieut.  <  lol.  J 
which  wi'nt   into   the  fight  very  weak,  and  ha.l  now,  been 
further  reduceu  by  the  pon&tanl   conflicts  fbrouab  whioli  it 
bad  passed     tije   r.'th,   Co^.    Elodgps,  another  fragmen&iw, 
regiment,  hut  brave  and  tfue,  what   was  lefl  of  it.     lVmd, 
on  the  left,  was   stoutly    maintaining   his   gTOUB,^  and  had 
brought  up  two  guns  <>\'  Barns1  battery,  which,  in  couuinc- 
t Ion  with  (.Cetchjum «  battery^  directed  per    •naily  l-y  Bra 
played    with    etf'ecJ  .upon    tlie   on   pressing  enemy.     Tl 
small  bodic  .  ]!•    <  rvin-  a  hold  front,  kept  the  enemy  I  a.  k 
whilst  the   remainder  of  the  army  withdrew  to  the  rear, 
taking  up  the  march  tq  Corinth.     This  was  done  with  little 
confusion,  and  without  panic  or  alarm. 

When  the  main  hody  o{'  the  army    had    thus  rutin    i.  and 
W<  re  -del\'  started  ei)  route  t'oi   Corinth,   Br;  ;' 

inndgej  supported  by  several  batteries,  and  CQVcrQiP.by 
(•  Stanton's,  Wirt  Adams's  :ind  ferry's  ca  .  alr\ ,  Blowly  retired 
in  gpot]  order,  Bragg  himself  hein--  the  last  man  to  leave 
the  Held.    Now  and  thru  the  line  would  be  baited  to  re. 

the  enemy,  who  slowly  and  languidly  followed.  A  lew 
volleys  from  our  musketry  and  our  batteries  would  <mi--kly 
check  bin  progress.  In  the  meantime  the  hroken  fragments 
of  the  iv-t  of  the  army  took  ihe  various  n>ads  hack  to 
Monterey.       A   few  of  the    wounded,    who    eould   Il6l   he  re 

moved  without  endangering  their  lives,  remained  beWind 
in  the  hospitals.  Some  pf  our  surgeons  remained  with 
them.     Anions;  them  was  Dr.  Breedtove,  tlie  faithful,,  brave 


101 

and  efficient  Burgeon  of  the  20th  Louisiana,  in  this  order 
our  whole  army  fell  back  to  Monterey,  about  iii  mik  ■,  from 
the  held  of  battle,  and  here  Breckinridge  ami  Bragg  hajtcd 
and  encamped.  The  enemy  halted  near  Mk-hies.  aboul 
three  mile/  from  the  Held  of  battle.     Ikkh  skJ  <1  \>> 

be  utterly  exhausted   by   the   terrible   oonilici..  of  ibe   two 
days.     A  large  force  of  cavalry  was  thrown  in  from  o 
positions,  which  kept  a  close   watch    ami 
the   enemy,   capturing  many  d  the 

battle  of  the  Till  of  April,  t'a^most  bloody,  iletctmbied  ami 
stubbornly  contested  eonilict  ever  fought  on  this,  contincjrt, 
in  which  less  ili. ;n  15,000  (Southern  volunteer,  proved  the 
equals  of  a  splendidly  appointed  army  <>!'  CttX,QU&  ,  f  i|,,. 
best  soldiers  of  the  great  Korthv, 

:_o_: 9 

THE   BATTLE    0?    A 

:  in;  mi  m  on  'i  in;  u 

With  the  first  l)reak  of  dayligkt  the   heav\    poamlin 
the  enemy's  Vinson  their  rb_d,  !  tin-  1  >.\ t  i  i< ■  b< 

and  for  one  hour  the  sullen  booming  was  uninterrupted  b- 
aught  save  their  own  adkocs.     McCkllan  had  initiated  the 
attack.    Jackaau-aad   Lawton  (coffinaandiug  UweH'a  tlivi 
aion,) — alway.   in  time— had  come  rapidly    fi  iu.nl   dnriie. 
the  nie'hl,  and  were  in  posiliou  oiroilT  i  leji.      \\  foal 

pgth  ami  confidence  we  all  1 V • !  1  in  t i i .    < 
the  man,    v\S(on< vv;,ll"    Jackson*  \   ami 

o'clock  the  Federals  advanced  a  fir;'-.'  bod 
iioi'tly  after  the  mail]  body  Of  tfiC 

livision  ten. 

The  iire  now  b.  i  and  in  \-  >•!  o 

aj  Bnt  distim  cutivi 

tumultuous  chorus^   thai  i ih  tr<  milks     Tin' 

•liseb  |  ou  the  tai    in. 

,  a  thou  and  di  aiu  t  drum  .   wld  otnr  and 

1 
11 


Wr  wlio  were  upon  the  centre  eotflo!  Bee  little  or  nothing 
of  this  portion  of  the  battle,   hut    .  pall  of 

Above  fl  i  knew  too  well  fl 

bloody  Work 

.!<  outminibeftd  us  three  to  one.     Their 
•  titrated  spoil  thit  sin  I  to  turn  our 

left,  and  for  two  hours  and  a  half  the  fide  of  battVe  ebbed 
and  i1  >wed  aKernatt-rr  for' and   Against  hs*     ^til!  onr  b 

igfit  desperately,  pcrbaps  ad  they  n< 
Wh  ■  -  -.-.•■  re  Btvept^tway  before  (In-  iron  storm, 

i  i  1  was  i   with  i  1  and  the  dead, 

I  Pa  old  division,  overp*vi  sfad  by  superior  numbers,  gave 
back.     Efood,   wiili  xans,    the   Eighteenth   GFeorgk 

and  the  Hampton  Legion,  rushed  into  the  (-Jap  -and  retrieved 
the  loss.  Swell's  men,  rallying  on  this  support,  returned 
to  the  ag\iti  and  adding  their  weight  to  that  of  the  fresh 
thusiastic  troopa/the  enemy  in  turn  wero  driven  back. 
][,■]  i.  they  made  another  desperate  effort  on  the 

treine  left,  and  here  again 

I  hi        I      riiji'd.     Fob  a  time  they  franked  us,  and  ourntien 

twly,  fighting  ovej  every  iiu-h  of  grouud.     It  was 

a  trying  hour.     The   Federals  saw   their  advantage,   and 

pressed  it  with  vigor.   Eight  butteries  were  in  lull  play  upon 

and  tlie  din  of  heavy   guns,    whirling    and    hursting  of 

nd  the  roar  of  musketry,  was  almost  deafening. 
At  this  juncture  Lee  ordered   I  i  the  supporl  of  Jackson 
the  division  of  Gfceu.  M<  I  arhieh  had   I >« •«.•  1 1   held  in  re- 

M-r.  i   d  blessing  never  came  more  opportunely.     <  hit- 

men had  fought  until  not  otiiy  tiny  l»ut  their  ammunition 
wen  well  uigh  exhausted,  and  discomfiture  stated  them  in 
Ihe  face.     But,  thus  encouraged,  every  man  rallied,  and 

the  tiLiht  was  redoubled  in  it>  intensity.  Splendidly  liandl' 
the  reinJorcementfl  iwepj  on  like  a  wave,  its  blows  falling 
thick  and  fast  oa  the  audacious  column  that  had  so  stab* 
d  their  way  i"  ill'-  position  on  which  we  origi- 
uaily  Commenced  the  battle.  Half  an  hour  later  and  the 
e  retreating.  poinl  wi  -pursued  for  nearly 


103 

a  mile,  and  last  night  a  portion  of  our  troops  on  the  left 
siept  on  Yankee  ground.  The  success,  though  not  deci- 
sive as  compared  with  our  usual  results,  was  complete  as  it 
was  possible  to  make  it  in  view  of  the  peculiar  circum- 
stances of  the  battle  and  the  topography  of  the  countrv. 
Certain  it  is,  that  after  the  cessation  of  the  tight  at  101 
o'clock,  the  Yankees  did  not  renew  it  again  at  this  point 
during  the  day.  They  had  been  defeated,  and  all  they 
could  do  thereafter  was  to  prevent  us  from  repeating  in 
turn  the  experiment  which  they  had  attempted  on  our  line. 
It  was,  beyond  all  doubt,  the  most  hotly  contested  field  on 
which  a  battle  has  taken  place  during  the  war. 

THE  EIU1IT   I  1'i.iX  THE  CENTRE. 

Soon  after  the  cessation  of  the  light  on  the  left,  the  enemy 
made  a  strong  demonstration  upon  our  centre,  in  front  of 
the  division  of  Gen.  D.  II.  Hill.  Here,  for  awhile,  the 
contest  was  carried  on  mainly  by  artillery,  with  which  both 
the  enemy  and  ourselves  were  abundantly  supplied.  The 
only  ditlcrcnec  between  the  two,  if  any  at  all,  was  in  the 
superiority  of  their  metal and  positions,  and  on  our  pari. 
the  lack  of  sufficient  ammunition.  Battery  after  batten' 
was  scut  to  the  rear  ekhausted,  ami  our  ordnance  wagons, 
until  late  in  the  day,  were  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Potomac,  blacked  up  by  the  long  commissary  trains,  which 
had  been  ordered  forward  from  Mnrtinsburg  and  Bhep- 
herdstown  to  relieve  tl  e  '■,•<■■  of  the  army. 

A-  indi  ajted  in  the  former  pari  of  this  letter,  oej  artil- 
lery, waa  posted  on  the  nrnmii  -  of  the  line  of  lulls  which 
ran  from  right  to  leti  in   I  tl.,-  town.     That  of  the 

enemy,  with  0110  I  v  Cption,  Wit  00  the  ground  at  tie-  ha--- 
of  the  lilm-  Kidgc.    and    upon    tli,     various    cTimn  ix.'s   f  I  ■  i  _— 

side.     A  ithgle  Federal  battery  was  boldly  thrown'  over  the 
Bridge  on  the  tiimpike,  nine  handred  or  i  th,,- 

yard-  in  our  front,  and  held  h  m  until  disabled  with 

a  hardihood  worthj  of  a  h<-tt-  ...t  now  i 

all  the  positions  of  the^iffcient  batt<  rie — onl  which 


L  saw.        v      iffQthtf  '.vi'  i..;'v  i,       •  _    . 

into  hundred  gtihe.     'i  an  cqodl 

number,  yon   may  i m:! lt'i n<   what  n  filled  the 

air.  and  lio^r  unninir  of  heavy  balls  and 

:i..v.  teaiiiiL'-  their  way  through  the  trees,  now  bntst- 

inl  throwing  their  murderous  FrOgmcnta  on  even 

•  bnryins  Ives  amid  a  cloud  6f  hi  the 

earth,  always  where  I 

The  exchange  of  iron corfcplij  eon  kop<  np  from 

v : i  i-i  %  morning  1 1  o'clock  I 

and  increase  in  scwJrity. 
oould  1"'  ' 1 1 .  t i 1 1 < -t  i  .  i  ■.;;<•:. i;.i.  rjTn    fhe 

ground  beyond,  movi  if  in   prcpAri  advance. 

if  in  the  «ii  tan.  i 
iiK-ni  as  troops  <»nly  by  the  Sunlight  tha  their 

■  1 1 ■  •  i ■  •,  \vi:ilc  considerable  numbers  were  within  eaunoi 
.|<-li:nill\   ihr.ntiny  ilu'ir  i!a^  in  Mir.'  t';i' •    .      Ai     L2   o'clock 
iiMin  thai  a}K'\  of  the  1  u m j >i kf  was  truly  n,a;j;nili- 
,-i.t.  and  tin*  eye  embraced  ti  jriettire   sueh   a  to  the 

lot  mM'.-w  nun  to  I""  .  »0. 

i'i-..i!i    twenty    diflereul    s;:  iid    [jox»1  voliinw 

moke  were  every  Is  tan<    kaping  frena   the 
ungrj gun  .     dvii"  twr  v?aa   US-tad  with  the  while    t'a: 
hones  that  Uoated  awaj  ;  takfs.     M<J« 

I **n I »i 1 1 :_••  to  and  fro,  loading,  tiring   and    handling   tlkfi    arid- 
lcr\\  and  now  and  then  a  hearty  ycH   would    repel  i   ih 
amid  the  lumnlt  that  s]m  »|<i>  of  death  or  di  ai  tw  Prom  some 

v.  <  1 1  aimed  hall.       Kef . re  n  ■  \va>    ihe    enemy.       A 

ai  two  had  crossed  the  river;  ami   rnnniuir  In  sipiad .;  from 
the    woods  along   ii:    bank  .    v.i-n     trying    6n   form  a   line. 
-iidd<-nlva  sin.- 1 1  Tali.--  among  them,  and  a  not  Inland  an< 
until  the  thousands  scatter  like  a  Bwijrw  of  flu  disap- 

pear in  tlto  w<>-  ■!   ,      A  :->■<■« >in I  linn-  the  elk&r\  is  made,   and 
uid  failure.     Then  their  ia  a  diversion.     The 
batteries  of  the^Federols  open  afresh.;    their  inland 
auotiicr  point,  and  finally  tlu'\  sneceed  in  cifccfin&'a  lodg- 
ment on  i his  sid<v 


In., 

• 

Our  troops,  under  lb  II.  Hill,  inert  them,  ami  a.  iiercc 
battle  ensue:;  in  the  center.  Daekwards,  forwards,  surijine; 
ami  swaying  like  a  ship  in  a  sionn,  the  various  ci ilumut  arc 
seen  in  motion,  [t  is  a  hoi  place  i « >r  us,  but  i(  is  a  hotter 
still  for  the  enemy.  They  are  directly  umlrr  cur  guna,  ami 
we  mow  (hem  down  like  grass.  Tbc  ra.w  levies,  sustained 
by  the  veterans  behind,  conic  up  to  tin1  work  well,  ami 
figh't  lor  a  short  lime  with  an  axoitcmenl  incident  i«>  their 
novel  experiences  of  a  battle  ;  hut  noon  a  portion  of  their 
line  gave  way  in  confusion.  Their  reserves  come  u|>.  ami 
endeavor  to  relrieve  the  fortunes  of  Hie  <fay.  {)\w  eeuir ■•. 
however,  stands  a;  lirni  a.,  adamant,  and  they  fall  back, 
Pursuit  on  our  part  is  useless,  for  if  we  drove  (he  enemy  ;\\ 
:'ii  on  tin.'  oilier  side  ol'  the  river,  it  would  be  a-aii?  I  the 
■ -de  of  ilit*  mountain,  v  hdre  one  man  fighting  for  his  lite 
and  liberie,  di-cbolincd  or  undisciplined,  would  be  equal  to 
a  dozen. 

Meanv.hile  deadly  work  ha.;  been  going  on  anions  our 
artillery.      Whatever  they  have  made  pth?  r.  nearly 

all  the  companies  have  suffered  severely  themselves.  The 
11  j  and  shells  of  the  enemy  have  been  thrown 
with  wonderful  acqwaey,  audi  dead  and  wounded  men. 
s  and  disabled  caissons  are  visible  in  every  battery. 
The  instructions  from  General  bee  are  thai  there  shall  be; 
no  Tnorc  artillery  duel -.      Ins!  dcavocing 

tp  silence  the  i  his  artil- 

lery I  e   the  fire  of  their  air  .  lly,  and 

leli\  a- their  own  ayain.-;  the    federal    in  ran  try.     The 
doiii  of  tlie  UQ  i  viih    the 

overwhelming  numb;  ; 

1  us  at  l' 

adjiiB 

to  and  again   did    the   i  :ly  pr«vs 

. 

l   kill 
their  own 

unbincd  clcmci!"  which* 


166 

beat  upon  them.      It   was  an    hour  when    every  man  was 
wanted.     The  ihatyAoOtaas  ofth*  rnonn  were  pickii 
our  principal  oilb  inualiy,  ami  especially  those  who 

conspicaoui  ia  the  batteries.  In  tins 
manner  the  company  of  Captain  Miller,  ftf  the 'Washington 
Artillery,  was  nearly  disabled,  only  two  out  of  his  four 
guns  being  1'ully  manned.  As  it  occupied  a  position 
directly  under  the  eye  of  Gen.  Longstree^  and  he  saw  the 
valuahle  part  it  was  performing  in  delendini:  the  centre, 
that  uihcer  dismounted  himself  from  his  horse,  at.  . 
by  his  Adjutant-General,  Major  Sorrell,  Major  Fairfax  and 
lien.  I'l'.iWon.  worked  our  of  like  gales  until  the  CTlStfl  was 
passed.  T.i  ->•<•  a  general  oliuei  wielding  the  destinies  of  a 
great     tight,    with    its    care    and    responsibilities    upon   his 

shoulders,  performing the  dntyoi  a  common  soldier,  in  the 
thickest  of  the  conflict,  is  a  picture  worthy  of  the  pencil  of 

an  arti  st. 

The  result  of  this  battle,  though  at  one  time  doubtful, 
was  iinally  deei<ivc.  The  enemy  were  driven  acTOM  the 
river  with  a  slaughter  that  was  tcrrihle.  A  Federal  officer 
who  was  wounded,  and  afterward  taken  prisoner,  observed 
to  One  of  our  Office*!  that  he  could  count  almost  the  whole 
of  his  regiment  on  the  ground  around  him.  I  did  m 
.•ver  the  Held,  but  a  gentleman  who  did,  ind  who  has  been 
an  actor  in  our  battles,  informed  me  that  he  tfevsr,  area 
upon  the  bloody  held  of  Manama-,  saw  so  many  dead  men 
before,,    The  ground  was  black  with  them,  and  according 

to  his  e.-tiniate.  the  federals  had  lost  eight  bo  our  one. 
Happily,  bhomgh  our  casualties  are  very  ennsiderable,  most 
of  them  are  in  wounds. 

There  now  ensued  a  silence  of  two  hours,  broken  only  by 

the  occasional  discharges  of  artillery,     it   was  a  sort  of 

breathing  time,  when  the  panting  combatants,  exhausted 
by  the  battle,  stood  silently,  eyeing  each  other,  and  making 

ready,  the  one  to  strike,  and  the  other  to  ward  oil'  another 
ering  blow. 


167 

THE  EIGHT  ON  THE  KldllT. 
*  It  was  now  about  3   o'clock  in  tlie   afternoon,    Inn   not- 
withstanding the  strange  lull  in  the  storm,  no  one  believed 
ii  wonhl  not  he  Peoewed  before  niudn.     [utelKgenee  had 
eonie  from  the  rear  thai    Gten.    A.    1*.  Hill    was   advaneine- 
from  Harper's  Ferry  with  the  force  which  Jackson  had  leU 
behind,  ami  every  eye  was  turned  anxiously  in   that   i 
tion.     In  a  little  while  we  saw  some  of  his  fcroopa  owmng 
cautiously,  under  eover  of  the  woods  and  hill,  to  the  front. 
and  an  hour  more  he  was  in  positi  >n  on   the  right.     Here," 
aboui   :  o'cloj  k,  the  enemy  had  made  another  bold  demon- 
stration.    Fifteen  thousand  of  their  troops  in  one  mass 
charged  our  lines,  and  after  vainly  resisting  them  ft     were 
■•lowly  givittg  back  fcx  tperior  nnmlx 

Our  total  force  here  w  ip  six  thousand  men,  and 

had  it  not  been  for  the  admirably  planted  artillery,  under 
command  of  Major  Garnett,  nothing-,  until  the  airival  of 
reinforcements,  coild  have   prevented  an   irretrievahle  d»- 

I   ktlOW   h  3€   ©f  ihis  mi-ilion    mi  the  field   than  any 

other,  hut   from   those  who  were  engaged,  heftrd  flowing 

en1  befeari  h-of  Jenkins'  Cr'n^de.  an<! 

id  and  Twentie       I  inder  the 

c  •■■!!).(.!■•  I    •  .    Cot.   Conii  last  two    r 

d    subjects    of  comment,    be   .  the 

splendid  manner  in  whm  ely    met    and   de- 

feated seven  •  enoiny,  who  advam 

a  bridge,  and  were  e:  ane  a  pooifi  m  on  tlii^ 

side  of  the  river.     They  fought  until  the*     i 
to  pieces,  and  then  retreated   only  because  they    had   tin  d 
their  last  round.     It  was  at  this  juncture  thai  tbe  ttnmebee 
Yankee  :  I  ihe  river,  and  made  the 

our  line  which  well  nigh  proved  aeaecede.    The 
arrival   ol    GK  \.    1'.    llilh  r,   wuth    ffofeh    b 

entirely  changed   tic  lay,    and    aft-  r    an 

obstinate  contest,  which  1.  k  until 

the  enemy  were  driven  into  and  l 

Durinrr  tfeifl  fight,   ttoe  F« 


flauking  a utl  capturing  a  battery  belonging,  as   I  loam,  to 

•rigade  of  Gen.  T  tly  dismounting  froni 

and  placing  him        .     flic  head  of  hi    oommand, 

the  <  leneral,  in  1  ivc  way.  briefly  told  them  tliat  the 

the  life  "i'  cv.ty  man  in 
!m6  bi  .  ud  then  ordered  them  te  follow  him.     Follow 

him  they  did  into  what  jam    of  destruction, 

and  after  a  shod  l>ui  fierc  jle  they  had  the  sati 

tion  of  capturing  the  prize  and  restoring  it  to  the  ori 


\   HISTORICAL  i'Acr  A.BQUT  BOMBARDMENTS 

TIF1-:  (\\f,l!;!!K  0¥   A    FLK! 

'i'lic  following  named  steamers,  under  the  chief  com- 
ii]  and  i  I  Flag  Officer -David  <;.  ETarragut,  made  the  attack 
its  St.  Phillip  and  Jackson  and  the  I  rrato  gun- 

boat .  :i:  3  A.  M..  2Mb  April,  1862  \ 
Hartford;    Richmond,    Pensacola   and    Brooklyn*    each 
ing  twenty-six  9  iaeh  gone,  two  30-poiindei  rifles,  two 
under  howitzers,  in  then;  tops,  which  were  pro: 
by  a  bulkhead  of  boiler  iron;  Mississippi,  nineteen  8-inch 
.  two  U-pounder  howitzers,  in  thetopa;   Yaruna,  eight 

H-inch  runs,  tour  Impounders,  [67  ewL)  two  80-ponndei 
rifle  .  eue  t&pouudef  howitzer ;  ( >neida  and  Iroquois,  each 

(wo  I  1-ineh  pivots,  six  82-poaadera,  one  30-poiinder  rifle, 
■mm-  U-pounder  howitzer.  The  IVnsacola  and  Brooklyn 
had  each  one  ll-im-h  gue  in  addition  tfl  their  other  gomv 

The    W'eMlield.    Miami  ami    Kalahdiu,   each    six    gufl 
which  one  w;i    an   11-ineli  pivot,  one  .".O-pounder  rifle,  lour 
Harriet    Lane,   six  gunaj    Kiitaning,   nine 
guiia;  miling'sloap  Port  m-ut'i.  sixteen  vin.h  guns;  two 
infer  riilcs  fourteen  8-inch  gnm;  ;:nd  four  hir 

men  fjcon  ihe  Colorado,  uuahle  to  gei  over  the  har,  were 
divided    amongst    the    squadron.     The    Bteam,   gundjuats 


■      169 

L'iuola,  Cijfton,  Cayuga,  [tasca,  Keriticbcc,  Scibta,  Kanawha, 
OWasko,  Winona,  WissahJckon",  (widow  Higgrns,)  Kjnso', 
each  carried  One  lH-3h.cn.  pivot,  one  20-pounder  rifle,  btic 
12-pounder  ho  two  2  l-pounder  howit:  •  •;•  .      In   addi 

tioh  was  Porter's  mortar  Hfeet,  numbering  rweriiy-ohc  vca 
ach  carrying  one  13-ifreh  mortar,  two  82f-]pbuhae¥8 — 
3  '  cwt.     Total  number  of  vessels,  forty-eight.     Total  nnin- 
bcro4  nd  mortal's,  '■"•'■•'>.  of  which  there were  twenty 

11-inch,  one  hundred  and  four  0-inch,  forty-nine  8-inch, 
!  eventera  Sfrpounder  rifled,  eleven  20-pounder  rifles,  eighty- 
four  82-pottnder :  the  remainder  being  howitzers.  These 
ships  were  manned  by  ahout  six  thousand  men.  Only 
thirteen  vessel's  passed  the  forts  during  the  battle*-;  the 
cemdihder  were  driven  hack.  Forts  Jackson  and  St. 
rhillip  mounted  about  two  hundred  guns,  of  which  number 
nincf  atieths   were    o2-pounders    and    21-poundcrs. 

The  (  rate  gunbOata    numbered   iourtccn  only,  and 

carried  .  aus.     "When  the  enemy's  vessel-  p. 

.  v\:\  they  Wei  v  the  gnnbbatS,  hut  the  superiority 

of  lh"  r.ca.1  tliat  it  was  impossible  to  contend 

against  them.  The  Louisiana,  iron-clad,  lay  between  tile 
forts;  Bd  did  ffrc  Man  i    d  McRftc,  te%ving  only  a  few 

little  steamers  to  fight  tliis  Immensely  superior  fbrce.  The 
;'.  S.  steam  sloop  Verona  was  the  only  one  of  die  enemy 
attacked  and  sunk* 


Tin.  BUR«— APPEARS 

,,\i:  d  tlio  battle  Rold  oi 

f  the 

M  : 

tton,     Li 

l.-nd  li<>  j 


170 

I  reeling.  Between  the  ieiu .  a  .»i  a  road  to-day,  in  the 
of  one  hundred  yards  long,  I  counted  more  than  two 
hundred  soldiers  dead,  lying  where  they  fell.  Oven 
and  a.  re-  they  are  strewn,  singly,  in  groups,  and  sometimes 
in  masses,  piled  up  almost  like  cord-wood.  They  lie— 
with  the  human  farm  indistinguishable,  others  with  m>  out- 
ward indication  of  where  the  life  went  out— in  all   the 

strange  positions  of   violent    death.      All   have    Mack 

There  are  forms  witli  every  rigid  muscle  strained  in 
fierce  agony, and  those  with  hands  folded  peacefully  apon 
the  bosom,  some  still  clutching  their  guns,  others  with  arm 
upraised,  and  single  open  finger  pointing  to  heaven. 
Several  remained  hanging  over  a  fence  which  they  were 
•  limiting  when  the  fatal  shot  .struck  them.  I  saw  the  body 
of  a  x»ldier  who  was  shot  in  the  act  of  climbing  a  fence. 
It  remained  hanging  where  he  was  killed.  Four  halls  had 
entered  his  hack  and  one  the  side  of  his  head. 

It  is  .strange  what  a  difference  there  is  in  the  ritiou 

of  human  bodies,  witli  reference  bo  the  rapidity  that  change 
.'U  after  death.  Several  bodies  of  soldi. ts  strewed  the 
ground  on  the  hank,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  bridge.  They 
fought  behind  tree-  and  fence-rail  ami  stone-heap  barri- 
cades,  as  many  a  bullet-mark  in  all   these  defences  amply 

attested;  but  all  that  availed  not  to  avert  death  from  these 
poor  creatures.  They  had  been  dead  at  le.e-t  i'oriy-eight 
hours  when  1  looked  at  them.  Almost  all  of  them  had 
become  discolored  in  the  face  and  much  swollen  ;  but  lucre 
was  one  young  man  with  his  face  as  life-like,  and  eveu  his 
eye  ho  bright,  it  seemed  almost  impossible  that  he  could  be 
dead.  It  was  the  loveliest-looking  corpse  I  ever  beheld. 
lie  was  a  young  man  not  25,  the  soft,  unshayed,  brown 
beard  hardly  asserting  yet  the  jftillnees  of  its  owner's  man- 
hood. The  features  were  too  small,  and  the  character  of 
the  face  of  too  small  and  delicate  am  order  to  answer  the 
requirements  of  masculine  beauty.  .  In  death  his  eye  was 
the  clearest  blue,  and  would  not  part  with  its  surpassingly 
cjontlo,  amiable,  good  and  charming  oxprcjcion.     The  face 


171 

was  like  a  piece  of  wax,  only  that  it  surpassed any  piece  ol 

wax-work. 

One  other  young  man,  beardless  but  of  brawnier  type, 
furnished  another  example  of  slow  decomposition.  His 
face  was  not  quite  as  life-like,  still  one  could  easily  fancy 
him  alive  to  sec  him  any  where  else  than  on  the  field  of 
carnage;  and  strange,  hifl  ftteewore  an  expression  of  mirth, 
as  if  he  had  just  witn  thing  amusing.      A  painful 

sight  especially  was  the  body  of  a  soldier  who  had  evident- 
ly died  of  his  wounds,  after  lingering  long  enough  at  least 
to  apply  a  handkerchief  to  his  thigh  himself,  as  a  tourniquet 
to  stop  the  bleeding.  His  comrades  were  obliged  to  leave 
him.  and  oat  surgeon-  and  men  had  so  much  to  do  that 
they  could  not  attend  to  him  in  time.  Perhaps  nothing 
would  have  saved  him  ;  but  perhaps,  again,  a  little  surgical 
aid  was  all  he  needed.  How  long  he  dragged  out  his  Les- 
sening pulse  in  pais  no  one  can  tell. 


NOTKS  OF  TITK   HATTLE  OF  COWXTli.   Mi.-- 

I'ARINU    OF    UEX.    W.    L,    CABfcLL. 

<>u  Saturday  morning  Cabell's  brigade,  of  Maury's  divi- 
sion, was  ordered  to  charge  the  formidable  fori  on  College 
Hill.  They  advanced  unhesitatingly  at  a  charge  bayonets 
to  within  thirty  yards  of  the  position  before  they  were  fired 
upon,  when  they  were  a<vfui!y   slaughtered*     BtiU   onward 

•vent,  after  returning  the  tire,  with  their  dan 

ral  at  the  head.      When    they  reached   the   entreucb.monts 

<  Jen.  Cabell  boidly  mounted   the  enemy'-   parapet,   closely 

followed  by  his  command.     The  fir.-t   man  he  encountered 

;!  Colonel,  wl  kke  oommaiid  to  kill  thai 

d — d  rebel  officer.     Cabell   replied  by  making  a  light  cut 

id  placing  the  Yanke.  officer  hon  dm  am- 

\  |    mgb        '•  .  '  ■  •  ■  had  gained  tin  threshold 

ot  the  enemy,  a  tire  at  a  few   yard: .   which  nothing  could 

withstand,  compelled  them  to  fall  back^rith  bu*  a  handful 


17:2 

remaining  of  their  courageous  brigade,  which  came  ptil  ol 
the  three  engagements  with  nol  more  than  400  l<  it  itnin- 
jured.  Gen.  Cabell  was  afterwards  injuiod  by  a  foil  from 
his  liorsc.     Major  Jones,  the  former  commandant   < 

:    Tupelo,  was   kill<'<!   i;i   the   first  chrtrge' en  th< 
trciiehmonts,  while  daringly  leading  his  men  n>  tlie  chi 
!!.'  was  an  offieor  young  in  year.-,  am!  known  for  his  ability 
and  eon  rage,  and  is  lamented  by  tin1  whole  i  ommnnd. 

<a-x.  GRE.BH   !;i:iai.vi:s  jii:  svas  I  OOI  at. 

Brig.  Gen.  Green,  <>f  Missouri,  commanding  bb< 

division,  was  one  of  tin'  most  prominent  men  upon  Ihotield. 
His  own  brigade  was  the  fire!  to  enter  Corinth;  and  ; 
tratod  as  far  as  the  Tishomingo  Hotel.  This  whs  the" critical 
moment  of  the  day.  This  brigade,  forming  Price'e centre, 
had  surmounted  all  obstacles  in  their  way,  carrying  en- 
thmenl  after  entrenchment,  until  they  found  rhemtelvc  : 
in  the  centre  of  the  enemy's  position.  Lovell  wn  to  have 
encountered  the  enemy  on  the  loft,  arid  thus  to  have 
polled  a  withdrawal  of  a  portion  of  his  forces  from  the 
centre,  while  Green  continued  to  force  their  centre  back. 

»me  reason  •wMch  is  not  deemed  altogether  sati 
tr.i'v,  Lovell  failed  to  do  this,  and  the  {federals  throw  tin  ir 
whole  centre  upon  Green  and  eompeliod  him  to  retire,  after 
having  at  snch   cnonnou-   saerineea  gained  the  position' 
Prior  to  his  forcing  the  enemy  from  their  position,  he 
;m  aid  to  <  leu.  1'i'n-e.   laying  that    there  were  b'eavj 
guns  in  front  of  him,  which  disputed  his   further  pr< 
Price  replied,  "Then  toll  Gen  s  Qtcen  to  fake  them:-'  and 
take  them  he  did — there  being  thirty  in  number — but  being 
i  to  retire  after  gaining  po  lesaton  of  them,  ho  was 
obliged  to  relinquish  this  heavy    armament    to   its   Original 
owners.     Ono   of  Priee'i   staff   riding   by,  cved  (Jen. 

<  S-reea  coveteti  with  gore  from  head  to  hoels,  and  asked  him 
if  lie  had  sustained  any  injury,      lie  replied,  that  his  ' 
bad  beeii  shot  in  the  nook,  and  dismounted  to  stop  tin 
of  blood,   when  another  bullet   pierced  the  animal  again, 


173 

but  without  fatal  effect.  The  General  was  attempting  to 
staunch  the  wound,  when  .still  another  ball  struck  his 
in  the  forehead;  and  which  after  a  few  convulsive  plui 
caused  hi.-  death.  The  bullets  continued  to  pour  Lot  and 
}\:'^\-y,  cutting  ort  twigs  and  brandies,  and  one  seraped  the 
skin  oil:"  of  Gen,  Green'e  hip.  He  turned  around  to  I  by- 
stander, and  quietly  remarked  :  *;  I  believe  those  d — d 
scoundrels  are  trying  to  kit  me  !"  If  tuefa  waathcir  inten- 
lion,  they  certainly  came  as  close  to  this  brave  officer. as 
they  possibly  could  without  injuring  him. 

ACK3  F   CONFEDERATE  i;UAV),i:Y. 

It  is  the  concurrent  testimony  of  all  who  witnessed  it, 
that  the  charge  made  by  the  head  of  the  rebel  col  nam  on 
our  breastworks,  on  Saturday,  has  no  parallel  in  this  war 
for  intrepid^  obstinate  courage,  ami  none  to  excel  it  in 
history.  I  have  conversed  with  many  officers  of  all  gradi  . 
who  express  th4s  opinion,  and  make  no  attempt  to  conceal 
their  admiration  for  the  men  and  discipline  that  couW  face 
is  leaden  storm  of  our  forts  and  batteries; 
sweep  across  the  field  with  closed  ranks,  despite  the  yawn- 
ing gaps  made  by  every  discharge  of  oar  guns  ;  and  actu- 
ally mount  our  works  and  plant  their  banners  there,  in  the 

■.     The   2d   Tertaa   infantry, 

r  Col.  Rogers,  lead  the  charge,  aad  the  Colonel  him- 
,cl!  fell  on  our  breastworks,  with  the  colors  of  his 
in  bis  baud.  A  piece  of  paper  was  found  m  mm/, 

giving  liis  name,  age,  rank,  command,   him!  the  add!r 
friends.     After  tlio  battle  bui   four  of  hi    entire   rcjjimcnl 
alive,    and    three    of  tin  wounded  ai 

i  prisoner* .     An   officer  who  witnessed  it  declared  lie 
.-<  ;nvel\  knew  which   to  admii  :  the  daring  bi 

of  the  rebel  troops,  or  tie  that   repulsed  and 

scattered  them  despito  their  determine.!   and   obstinate  at 

In  ..,:;  fid  utter   disregard    i 

eommoii  in  eveiy  quarter,  in   both  ai  nd  it  wa 


174 

rally  a  tog  of  war.  in  which  each  confessedly  met  a  foeman 
worthy  of  his  steel. 

A    JIERU. 

Gen.  Van  Dora,  while  ridim  the  Line  on    Fri 

enconntend  ■  afissouri  private  with  his  face  covered  with 
blood  and  his  hand  pressed  against  bis  jaw.  The  General 
inquired  if  he  was  wounded  and  where  he  was  going.  He 
removed  his  hand,  disclosing  to  sight  a  broken  jaw,  whieh 
he  commenced  working  with  his  hand,  and  replied  as  dis- 
tinctly as  he  c<>uld.  in  broken  sentences,  "Only got  myjaw 
broke — they're  giving  'em  hell  back  there — be  back  i 
soon  as  ran  get  face  fixed  up — just  go  down  there  ai  ■ 
what  hell  these  Yanks  are  catching,"  and  in  half  an  honr 
afterwards,  with  bandaged  face,  he  returned  bo  his  company 
to  go  with  them  through  the  balance  of  the  bloody  straggle. 


THE  MOST  EXTRAORDINARY  MARCHES  ON 

i;i;coim>. 

The  late  marches  oi  Gen-  Stuart  aud  of  Gen.  Pleasanton, 
as  reported  from  Harrisburg  (the  first  ninety-six  miles  iu 
twenty-four  hours* and  tin-  last  seventy-eighl  miles  in  the 
same  time,)  surpasses  anything  of  military  record,  it  is 
stated  in  Gen,  BLalleck'fl  work  00  Military  Aim  and  Science 
that  Caesar  marched  the  legions  from   Rome  to  the  Sierra 

Morena,  in  Spain,  at  llie  pate  of  twenty  leagues  a  day.  In 
the  campaign  of  1  sou.  Maedonald,  wishing  to  prev<  nt  tho 
escape  of  an  enemy,  in  a  single  day  marched  forty  miles 
crossing  rivers  and  climbing  mountains.  ( !lans<  I,  after  the 
battle  of  Salamanca,  retreated  forty  miles  in  twelve  hours. 
In  1814,  Napoleon,  wishing  to  form  a  junction  with  other 
troops  for  the  succor  of  Paris,  marched  bis  army  the  dis- 
tance of  Beventy-five  miles  in  thirty-six  hours.  On  the  day 
of  the  battle  ot  Talavara,  in  Spain,  Gen.  Crawford^ fearing 

that  Wellington    was    hard    pressed,   made   B  forced  march 


175 

with  three  thousand  men  the  distance  of  sixty-two  miles  in 
twenty-six  hours.  In  1803,  Wellington's  carafey  in  India 
marched  the  distance  of  sixty  miles  in  twenty-two  hour?. 

It  is  said  that  the  English  cavalry  under  Lord  Lake 
marched  seventy  miles  in  twenty-four  hours. 

The  Kirby  Smith  brigade  of  cavalry  during  the  late  ad- 
vance into  Kentucky  marched  one  hundred  and  sixty-five 
miles  in  seventy-four  hours. 

As  a  general  rule,  troops  marching  for  many  days  in 
succession,  will  move  at  the  rate  of  from  fifteen  to  twenty 
miles  per  day.  In  forced  marches,  or  in  pursuit  of  a  flying 
enemy,  they  will  average  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  miles 
a  day.  Only  for  two  or  three  days  in  succession,  with  favo- 
rable roads,  thirty  miles  a  day  may  he  calculated  on. 
Where  marches  beyond  this  occur,  they  are  the  result  of 
extraordinary  circumstances. 


A  GRAPHIC  SKETCH  OF  THE  BATTLE  OF  MANASSAS — (FIRST  BATTLE.) 

Gen.  John-ton  had  arrived  the  preceding  day  with  about 
half  of  the  force  he  had,  detailed  from  Winchester,  and 
was  the  senior  officer  in  command.  He  magnanimously 
insisted,  however,  that  Gen.  Beauregard's  previous  plan 
should  be  carried  out,  and  he  was  guided  entirely  by  the 
judgment  and  Buperiorlocal  knowledge  of  the  latter.  While. 
fore,  (Jen.  Johnston  was  nominally  in  command, 
Beauregard  was  really  the  officer  and  hero  of  the  day.  5Ton 
will  be  glad  to  learn  that  he  was  this  day  advanced  from  a 
Brigadier  to  the  rank  of  a  full  General.     Bui  to  the  battle. 

At  half  pas*  six  in  tbc  morning,  the  enemy  opened  fire 
from  a  battery  planted  on  ;>  hill  beyond  Ball  Run,  and 
nearly  opposite'  the  centre  of  our  lim  i  ■  battery  was 
intended  merely  to   '-heat  the  bush,"  and  I  pyour 

attention,  while  he  moved  ■  heavy  column  toward--  the 
Stone  Bridge,  over  the  same  creek,  npon  our  left.  At  10 
o'clock,  another  battery  was  pushed  forward,  and  opened 


i; 

iirc  a  short  distance  to  the  lci't   of  the  other,  I 

;<1  the  o  it.-  lire  waa  ihe 

of  the  other.  They  tired  i 

-  on  this,  the  southern,  :  tall   Liu   , 

the  impression  thereby  thai   our  <• 
.  ami  thus  prevent  us  from  seudii  . 
to  our  left,  whew  the  real  at;:  to-be  in 

<;ar«l  was  not  d  by  the  man 

It  might  not  be  amii 
north  of  this  pjacc,  ami  runs  nearly  <iue  i  .  illy  curv- 

i  round  trre  Junction,  the  neari 
2£  miles.     The  fcjtone  13 rid  miles  di 

in  a  northwesterly  direction,  upon  which   our  left  winy; 

1.     Mitchel's  Ford  is  directly  north,  and 
miles,  by  the*  road  leading   to  Centrevillc,  which 
miles  from  the  Junction.     (  h\  our  right  is  Marion  Mills,  on 
am,  where  the  Alexandria  ai 
he  Run,  and  distant  lour  miles.     V; 
from  Fairfax  Court  Rouse,  hy  Centreviile,  t6  Stoi 
-■•my  passed  in  front  c   entire    line,  i>u: 

ranging  from  live  fo  two  mile  ■  . 

cjock,  !  an  eminence  nearly  opp 

iwo  batteries  mentioned  above,  ami  which  c  ided  a 

full  view  of  the  country   tor  miles  around,  except  < 
nght.     From  this  j)o';:  ild  trace  the  movements  of  the 

approachiug  hosts  by  the  clouds  of  dust  that  vo.^  highabovc 

.rroundiny  hills.     Our  left,   under  Brigadier  Gou 
Evans,  Jackson  and  Cocke,  and   CM.    Bartow,  with   the 
Georgia  Brigade,  composed  of  the  Vih  and  8th  K 
had  been  put  in  motion,  and  was  ad\jflaieing  nj  ucmy 

with  a  l'ore.-  of  :  hout  15,000;  while  ihe  enemy  hii 
advancing  upon  pur  left  with  a  compact  eolumu  q 
50,000,     His  entire  force  on  this  side  of  the  Potomac  is 
estimated  at  75,000.     These  approaching  columns  oueouu- 
1  each  other  at  1 1  o'cioi 
Meanwhile,  the. two  batteries  in  front  kepi  up  their  fire 


177 

upon  the  wooded  hill  where  they  supposed  our  centre  lay, 
They  sent  occasional  balls  from  their  rifled  cannon  to  the 
eminence  where  your  correspondent  stood.  Gens.  Beaure- 
gard, Johnston  andBonham  reached  this  point  at  12  o'clock, 
and  one  of  these  balls  passed  directly  over  and  very  near 
them,  and  plunged  into  the  ground  a  few  paces  from  where 
I  stood.  1  have  the  ball  now.  and  hope  to  bo  able  to  show 
it  to  you  at  some  future  day.  It  is  an  eighteen  pound  ball, 
about  (3  inches  long.  By  the  way.  this  thing  of  taking 
notes  amidst  a  shower  <.A'  shells  and  balls  is  more  exciting 
than  pleasant.  At  a  quarter  past  li'  o'clock,  Johnston  and 
Beauregard  galloped  rapidly  forward  in  the  direction  of 
Stone  Bridge,  where  the  ball  bad  now  fully  opened.  Your 
correspondent  followed  their  example,  and  soon  reached  n 
position  in  front  of  the  battle-field. 

The  artillery  were  the  iirsi  to  open  fire,  precisely  at  11 
o'clock.  By  11£  the  infantry  had  engaged,  and  there  it 
was  that  the  battle  began  to  rage.  The  dusky  columns 
which  had  thus  tar  marked  the  approach  of  the  two  armies, 
now  mingled  with  great  clouds  of  smoke,  an  it  rose  from 
the  flashing  guns  below,  and  the  two  shot  up  together  like 
a  huge  pyramid  of  red  and  blue.  The  shock  was  as  tre- 
mendous as  were  the  odds  between  the  two  force*.  With 
what  anxious  hearts  did  we  watch  that  pyramid  of  nmoko 
and  dust.  When  it  moved  to  the  right  we  knew  1  hat  the 
enemy  were  giving  way:  and  when  it  moved  to  the  left  we 
knew  that  our  friends  were  receding. 

Twice  the  pyramid  moved  to  the  right,  and  as  often  re 

turned.      At  last,  about  2  o'clock,  it  began    to  move    slowly 
to  the  left,    and    thus   it    continued   to  move  for  two  ni 
hours.      The  enemy  was  seeking  to  turn  our  left  thuds,  and 
to  reach    the    railroad    leading   hence  in  the  direction  ol 
Winchester.     To  this,  he  extended  his  lines,  which  he 
enabled  to  do  by  reason  of  his  great   nun  This   w.i 

unfortunate  for  us,  as  it  required  a  i  irrespond 
of  our  own   lines  to  prevent   his  extreme  right  from 
flanking  us — a  movement  on  our  part  which  dthu 

12 


178 

force  of  our  resistance  along  the  tvholo  lino  of  battle,  which 
finally  extended  over  ;i  space  oftwo  miles.     It  also  render- 
ed il  .  fticult  to  bring  up  reinforcements,  as  the 
further  the  enemy  extended  hia  right,  the  greater  tin'  dis- 
tance  our   reserve    forces  had  to  travel  to  counteract  the 
movement. 
This  effort  to  turn  our   dank   was  pressed  with  great  de- 
until'!!  tor   five  long,    weary  hours,  during  which  the 
title,  of  battle  ebbed  ami  flowed  along  the  entire  Line  with 
alternate  fortunes,      Che    enemy's    column    continued  t" 
ivay  t"  tin-  left  like  a  huge  anaconda,  seeking  t 
ipe  us  within  its  mighty  folds  and  crush   us  to  d< 

and  at   ouc  time  it  really  looked  as  if  he  would  sue. .1. 

But  here  let  me  pause  to  explain  why  it  was  our  reinforce? 
"meut->  were  bo  late  in  arriving,  ami  why  a  certain  other  im- 
portant movement  miscarried. 

The  moment  he  discovered  the  enemy's  order  of  battle, 
Gen.   Beauregard,  it   is  said,  dispatched  orders  to    (Jen. 
.  our  extreme  right-  to  move  forward  ami  turn  his 
r  rear.     At  the  same  time  he  ordered  Generals  Jones, 
I  and  Bonham,  occupying  the  centre  of  ourlineB, 
in  co-op<  rat«-  in  the  movement,  hut  not  to  move  until  Gen. 
Rwcll  had  made  the  attack.     The  order  to  Gen.  Ewell  un- 
fortunately miscarried.     The  others  were  delivered,  hut  as 
the  movements  of  the  centre  were  t<>  he  regulated  entirely 
by  those  on  the  right,  nothing  was  done  at  all.     Had  the 
orders  to  Gen.  Ewell  been  received  and  carried  out,  and 
.-  brought  upon  the   field,   we  should  have 
:  the  enemy's  army  almost  literally.     Attacked  in 
on  the  flank  and  in  the  rear,  ho  could   not  possibly 
except  at  the  loss  of  thousands  of  prisoners 
uud  all  his  batteries,  while  the  held  would  have  been  strewed 
with  his  dead. 

Finding  that  his  orders  had   in  some  way  failed  to  he 
executed,  Gen.  Beauregard  at  last  ordered  up  a  portion  of 

the  forces  which  were  intended  to  co-operate  with  Gen. 
ilwoll.     It  was  late,  howover,   before   theae  reinforcements 


179 

came  up.  Only  one  brigade  reached  the  field  before  the 
battle  was  won.  This  was  led  by  Gen.  E.  K.  Smith,  of 
Florida,  formerly  of  the  United  States  army,  and  was  a 
part  of  Gen.  Johnston's  column  from  Winchester.  They 
should  have  reached  here  the  day  before,  but  were  prevent* 
ed  by  an  accident  on  the  railroad.  They  dashed  on  the 
charge  with  loud  shouts,  and  in  the  most,  gallant  style. 
About  the  same  time,  Maj.  Elzey,  (formerly  of  the  Augus- 
ta Arsenal,  I. may  have  his  title  wrong,)  coming  down  tin- 
railroad  from  Winchester  with  the  last  of  Johnston's  brig 
ades,  and  hearing  the  firing,  Immediately  quit  tin"  train  and 
struck  across  the  country,  ami  as  a  gracious  fortune  would 
have  it,  he  encountered  the  extreme  right  of  the  enemy  as 
he  was  feeling  his  way  around  our  flank,  ami  with  his  brig- 
ade struck  him  like  a  thunderbolt,  full  in  the  face.  Find- 
ing he  was  about  to  he  outflanked  himself,  the  en<  my  gave 
way  after  the  second  tire.  Meanwhile  Beauregard  rallied 
the  centre  and  dashed  into  the  very  thickest  of  the  fight, 
and  after  him  rushed  our  own  brave  boys  with  a  ihout  that 
seemed  to  shake  the  very  earth.  The  result  of  this  move> 
ment,  from   three  distinct    points,    was    to   i-  k  the 

enemy,  who  began  to  retreat,  first  in  good  order,  and  finally 
in  much  contusion.     At  this  point  tin-  cavalry  wei 
upon  the  perauit.     The  retreat  now  became  a  perfect  rout, 
and  it  is  reported  that  the  flying    ■ 
treville,  in  the  direction  •  arth  bad 

opening  behind  them.     It  wae  when   <"r<t..  Beauregai 
the  final  chargo,  that  hi-  hoi  killed  by  i  sh 


[ILOfl 

••  Brigadier  <  leneral   <  Madden, 
was  in  ( lei  .  i 

by  a  ball  on  the  first  da;  •.  «a- 

perform'ed  hastily  bj  hit  stafi  and 


L80 

?h«t.  instead  of  being  taken  to  the  rear  for  quiet  and  nursing, 
he  mounted  his  horse,agains1  the  most  earnest  remonstrant 

:  al!  his  staff,  and  continued  to  command.  On  Mondaj 
he  wns  again  in  the  saddle,  and  kept  it  during  the  day;  on 
Tuesday  he  rode  on  horseback  to  Corhvth,  twenty  miles 
from  the  Bcene  of  action,  and  continued  to  discharge  the 
duties  <>i'  an  officer.  <m  Wednesday  a  second  amputation 
near  tlic  shoulder  was  necessary,  when  (Jen.  Bragg  sent  an 
;tid  to  ask  it'  he  would  not  be  relieved  of  his  command,  to 
which  he  replied  :  "  <  live  <  ten.  Bragg  my  compliments,  and 
■ay  that  Gen.  (J hidden  will  only  give  np  his  command  to 
go  into  hia  coffin."  Against  the  remonstrances  of  Ids  per- 
sonal friends,  and  against  the  positive  injunctions  of  the 
snrgeons,  lie  persisted  in  sitting  uj>  in  his  chair,  receiving 
dispatches  and  giving  directions,  until  Wednesday  after- 
noon, when  lockjaw  Beized  him,  and  hu  died  in  a  few  mo- 
menta. 


XORAH    NfoOAETEY. 

A     REMINISCENCE    OF    TH1    MISSOURI    CAMPAIGN. 

Thus  tar,  Missouri  has  the  better  of  other  seats  of  hos- 
tility for  the  real  romance  of  war.  Most  assuredly  the  fight 
there  has  been  waged  with  fiercer  earnest  than  almost  any- 
where else.  The  remote  geography  of  the  country,  the 
rough,  unhewn  character  of  the  people,  the  intensity  and 
ferocity  of  the  passions  excited,  and  the  general  nature  of 

the  complicity  reduced  to  a  warfare  essentially  parti/an  and 

frontier,  gave  to  its  progress  a  wild  aspect,  peculiarly  sus- 
ccj.til.l--  to  deeds,  and  suggestive  of  thoughts,  of  romantic 
interest.  Nom-  of  these  struck  us  more  forcibly  than  the 
►lory  of  NoitAii  MoCabtey,  the  Jeanie  Deans  of  the  West. 
She  lived  in  the  interior  of  Missouri — a  little,  pretty, 
black-eyed  girl,  with  a  Boul  as  huge  as  a  mountain,  and  a 


181 

form  as  frail  as  a  fairy's,  and  the  courage  and   pluck  of  a 

buccaneer  into  the  bargain.     Her  father  wan  :m  <»ld  man 
a  secessionist.     She  had  hut  ;i  single  brother,  josl   growing 
from  boyhood  to  youthhood.  but    sickly   and    lamed.      The 
family  had  lived  in  Kansas  during  the  troubles  of  67,  when 
Norah  was  a  mere  girl   of  fourteen,  or   thereabouts.     Bui 
even  then  her  beauty,  wit  and   devil-may-care   spirit    were 
known  far  and  wide  ;  and  many  were  the  stories  told  along 
the  border  of  her  sayings  and  doings.    Among  other  charg- 
es laid  to  her  door,  it  is  said  she  broke  all  the  hearts  of  the 
young  bloods  far  and  wide,  and  tradition   does  even  go  bo 
far  as  to  assert  that,  like  Hob  Acres,  she  killed  a  man  once 
a  week,  keeping  a  private  church-yard   tor  the   purpo 
decently  burying  her  dead.  Be  this  a.--  it  may, she  was  then, 
and  is  now,  a  dashing,  tine  looking,  lively  girl,  and  a  pre! 
tier  heroine  than  will  be  found  in  a  novel,  as   will    be 
if  the  good  natured  reader  has  a  mind  to  follow  us  down  to 
the  bottom  of  this  column. 

Not  long  after  the  Federals  came  into  her  neighborhood, 
and,  after  they  had  forced  her  father  to  take  the  oath,  which 
he  did  partly  because  lie  was  a  very  old  man.  unable  to  hike 
the  field,  and  hoped  thereby  to  saw  the  BeCllrity  ol  h^ 
household,  and  partly  because  he  could  not  help  himself; 
not  long  after  these  two  important  events  in  the  history  of 
our  heroine,  a  body  of  men  marched  up  one  evening,  whilst 
she  was  on  a  visit  to  a  neighbor's  and  arrested  her  s'nkly. 
weak  brother,  bearing  him  off  to  Leavenworth  City,  where 
he  wns  lodged  in  the  military  guard-house. 

It  was  nearly  night  before  Norah  reached  home.  When 
she  did  so,  and  discovered  (he  outrage  which  had  been  p<  > 

pet  rated  and  the  grief  of  her  old  father,    her  rage  knew  no 

bounds.      Although  the  mi.-N  were    tailing   and    the    night 

l08ing  in.    dark  and    dreary,    -he  ordered  her  ho 

here-saddled,  put  on  a  thick  ish  round 

her  waist,  and  sticking  a  pair  of  ivory-handled  nher 

bosom,  started  o£l  after  the  soldiers.    Th<  many 

miles  distant.      But  that   she   did   not    regard.  Ovoi    hill. 


182 

throngh  marsh,  under  galloped 

on  to  the  headquarters  of  the  enemy.     At  last  thecal!  of  a 
sentry  brought  her  to  a  Btand,  with  a  hoarse — 

"Who  goes  there ':" 

"No  matter,"  Bhe  replied,  --I  \\ i si  1  to  so-  Col.  Prince, 
your  commanding  officer,  and  instantly,  too." 

Somewhai  awed  by  the  presence  of  a  yonng  female  on 
horseback  a1  that  late  hour,  and  perhaps  struck  by  her  im- 
perious tone  of  command,  the  Yankee  guard,  without  hesi- 
tation, conducted  her  into  the  fortifications,  and  thence  to 
the  quarters  of  the  Colonel  commanding,  with  whom  Bhe 
was  left  alone. 

"Well,  madam,"  quoth  the  Yankee  officer,  with  bland 
politeness,  "to  what  have  I  the  honor  of  this  visit ':" 

"Is  this  Col.  Prince?"  replied  the  brave  girl,  quietly. 

"It  is,  and  yourself':" 

"No  matter.  I  have  come  here  to  inquire  whether  you 
have  a  lad  by  the  name  of  McCartey  a  prisoner?" 

"There  is  such  a  prisoner." 

"May  I  ask,  for  why  '.' 

"Certainly;  for  being  suspected  of  treasonable  connection 
with  the  enemy." 

"Treasonable  connection  with  the  enemy  !     Why,  the  boy 
v  and  lame.      He  is  besides  my    brother;    and    I  have 
conie  to  ask  his  immediate  release" 

The  Yankee  officer  opened  his  eyes  ;  was  sorry  he  could 
not  comply  with  the  request  of  so  winning  a  supplicant  ; 
and  must  really  beg  her  to  desisl   and  leave  the  fortress." 

"1  demand  his  release,"  cried  Bhe,  in  reply. 

"That  you  cannot  have,"  returned  he;  "the  hoy  is  a  rebel 
and  a  traitor,  and  unL  dire  Madam,  I  Bhall  be  forced 

to  arrest  you  on  a  similar  suspicion.'! 

Spiciou  I  I  am  a  rebel  and  a  traitor  too,  if  yon  wish. 
\  oung  Mc(  artty  is  my  brother,  and  J  don't  leave  this  tent 
until  he  goes  with  me.  Order  his  instant  release,  or,"  here 
bbe  drew  one  of  the  aforesaid  i vory-handles  out  of  her 
t»>soin  and  levelled  the  muzzle  of  it  direetlv  at  him,  UI  will 


188 

put  an  ounce  of  load  in  jour  bruin,  before  you  can  eall  n 
single  sentry  to  yonr  relief." 

A  picture  that ! 

There  stood  the  heroic  girl;    eyes   flashing  lire,  cheek 
flowing  with  earnest  will,  lips  firmly  set    with   resolution, 
and  hand  out-stretched  witli  a    loaded   pistol  read}  to 
the  contents    through    the     now    thoroughly     frigbt< 
startled,  aghast  soldier,  who  cowered,  like  blank  paper  he- 
fore  flamed,  under  her  burning  stare. 

"Quick  !"  she  repeated,   "order  his  release,   or  you  die." 

[t  was  too  much.     Prince   could    not   stand  it.      He 
her  lower  her  infernal  weapon  for  God'a  sake,  and  tin 
should  he  forthwith  liberated. 

"Give  the  order  first,"  she  replied,  unmoved. 

\nd  the  order  was  given  :  the  lad  was  brought  out;  and 
drawing  his  arm  in  here,  the  gallant  sister  marched  out  of 
the  place,  with  cue  hand  grasping  one  of  his,  and  the  other 
hold  of  her  trusty  ivory-handle.  She  mounted  her  ': 
bade  him  get  up  behind,  and  rode  off,  reaching  home  with- 
out accident  before  midnight. 

NTow  thai  is  a  fact  stranger  than  fiction,  which  showswhal 
sort  o\'  metal  is  in  our  women  of  the  much  abused  and 
traduced  nineteenth   eenturv. 


AN  INSTANCE   OF  [NTRKPIDITY. 

\  i  .»rr.  spond<  ■  '    ommunii  i 
;ii  ■  battle  at  Mill : 

James  Harrison,  a  brave  and  sta  • 

!  >.    lib  Alabama  at,  whilsi 

battery  a*  Mill,  discovering  that  h  bad,bj 

some  inexplicable  m< 


m 

mand,  rushed  forward  in  advance  of  his  regiment,  shouting 
to  his  comrades  to  follow  him.  Encountering  a  deep  ditch, 
whose  bottom  was  overgrown  with  tall  weeds,  he  sprang 
a  it.  The  earth  on  the  opposite  Bide  gave  way  beneath 
him,  and  he  landed  upright  amidst  what  seemed,  to  his 
astonished  gaze,  a  host  tit'  live  Yankees.  One.  more  alive 
or  loss  panic-stricken  than  the  rest,  clambered  up  the  side 
of  the  ditch',  and  had  reached  the  level  ground,  when  a  ball 
from  Harrison's  trusty  musket,  laid  him  b  bleeding,  man- 
gled corpse  at  his  captor's  feet  Drawing  his  revolver,  and 
demanding  instant  surrender,  a  thrilling  cry  for  mercy 
burst,  from  a  score  of  the  trend ding  miscreants.  Mounting 
the  hank,  he  commanded  them  to  follow  him.  Again, 
with  ashy  lips  and  pallid  cheeks,  they  begged  permission  to 
remain  in  their  hiding  place.  Regardless  of  their  .raven 
supplications,  he  marched  them  toward  the  rear,  and  sur- 
rendering them  to  the  first  officer  he  met,  again  dashed 
into  the  thickest  of  the  fray,  and  aided  in  driving  the  enemy 
with  ignominy  from  the  intrenchments,  which,  if  defended 
by  Btrong  hands  and  stout  hearts,  were  almost  impregnable. 


BATTLE  OF  CEDAR  RUN,  VA. 

A  participant  in  the  engagement  gives  a  lively  description 
dfa  hand-to-hand  conflict  between  one.  of  the  Confederate 
and  one  of  the  Federal  regiments.  The  former  advanced 
rapidly  upon  the  latter;  neither  fired  a  gnu,  though  each 
had  an  equal  advantage  to  pour  a  destructive  volley  into 
one  another':  ranks  before  they  closed.  In  a  few  moments 
their  bayorfbts  were  crossed,  and  the  struggle  commenced. 
Bach  mau  seemed  to  have  his  match,  andMicrc  and  there, 
aiuid  the  clash  of  arms,  one  man  would  fall,  pierced  through 


185 

the  heart.  Around  them  the  battle  was  raging.  Volley 
after  volley  of  musketry,  and  boom  after  boom  of  artillery, 
echoed  amid  the  hills.  Yet  they  foughl  on  with  cold 
as  if  determined  only  to  crimson  their  bayonets  in  one  an- 
other's blood.  Bui  scarcely  fifteen  minutes  had  elapsed 
before  the  Federal  fronl  began  to  waver,  and  our  men 
takirfg  advantage  oi  the  indication,  redoubled  their  ener- 
gies, and  rushed  amid  them  with  unparalleled  impetuosity. 
The  enemy  broke  and  tell  into  confusion,  and  the  Confed- 
erates, now  uncontrollable,  dashed  upon  them,  and  Left 
scarcely  one  in  the  entire  Federal  regiment  "to  tell  the 
tale." 


f  X  I)  E  X  . 


1':.-'. 

Political  Review  of  the  Old  Union,        -  -    5 

The  Formation  of  the  Confederate  States,     -        -        -  55 

Diary  <>t"  the  War, ."»7 

History  of  Abolitionism,  showing  the  causes  that  led  to 

a  dissolution  of  the  Union,     -----  18 
Battle  of  Shiloh.     By  Judge  "Walker,  -        -        -in 

Battle  of  Antii-tam,      -         .         -  ...  161 

Abou:   Bombardments,        -  -        -   l^s 

Battle  of  Sharpsburg,  -  L3l9 

Notes  of  the  Battle  of  Corinth,  -  -  -  -  -  171 
A  Story  of  Shiloh,  -  -  -  ,  -  -  -  -  179 
The  Most  Extraordinary  Marches,  -         -  174 

An  Instance  of  Intrepidity,  -        -  -  L88 

Battle  oi  Cedar  Run, im 

Norah  McCartey,         - L80 

Killed,  Wounded  and  Missing  during  the  War,  -        -   108 
Confederate  Victoria  -  ...  L08 

Federal  Victories,        -        -        -  -        -        -112 

First  Battle  On  Manassas  1  Mains,  -          -  -    17o 

A.ppendix,  (Diary  of  "War  continued)  -  -        -  187 

An  Estimate  of  the  Killed,  &©.,  to  January,  1868,  191 


1*7 


APPENDIX . 


(Diaiy  of  tin-  War,  Continued  from  rage  107.) 

itnber  tCth.  Fight  at  Bolivar  Point,  Texas.  A  party  of  Yankees 
aitenipted  to  land  and  were  fired  on,  and  driven  back  with  a  loss  of  five 
killed  and  wounded. 

November  27-28.    Battle  of  Cave  Hill  or  Prairie  I  nton  conn- 

ty.  Ark.     The  Confederates  nnder  Gen.  Elindman,  repulsed  tbe  enemy, 

winning  a  decided  victory  after   two  Jays  hard   fighting.     (Confederate 

0  killed,  wounded  and  missing.     Federal    lose,    988   killed    and 

wounded  and  300  taken  •prisoners. 

November  28,  29.     Skirmishing  at  Holly  Springs.  Mies.     Confeder- 

rced  bo  retreat,  with  a  los3  of  5  killed.     Enemy's  loss,  18  killed. 
Nov.29--Dec.  1     Fighting  near  Abbeville,  Miss     The   Confederates 
compelled  to  fall  back  before  an   overwhelming  force   of  the   enemy. 
Considerable  loss  on  both  sides.     The  Confederates  fall  back  beyond  the 
Tallahatchie  River. 

December  1st.    Great    bombardment   at  Galveston,  Texai      Several 
citizens  killed  and  wounded. 

December  1st.  Fight  at  Snickersville  Gap,    Va.     The    Abolitionists 
rt  nted  aftt  i  best,  and  !i  killed.     Confederate    lots    7    killed 

and  1 8  taken  prisom 

mber  J.  A  party  of  Confederate  cavalry  made  ■  dash  into  n 
Yankee  camp  in  Westmoreland  county,  Va.,  and  captured  Is  prisoner! 
•  nd  destroyed  their  camps  and  stop 

The  Democrats  carried  the  lal  in  New   Fork  by  12.0OC  ma- 

jority.    Republicanism  rebuked. 

:;.    Tli  •    Fan 
).,  fop   ;!i    Confederal  them  battle 

mber  3.  Fij  A  large 

■  nderabk  1 
the  part  of  tie  I  Mill     T<  nu 

Yankees  captured  on  the  Rap] 

ml"  r   3-  1.     £  A bolit 

n  pulsed  in  a  >•  ral  bi ;-; 
ember  \.  Bombardn 


188 

their  gunboats  damaged  by  "ur  batteries Attack  on  St,  Mark*,  Fin 

The  enemy  repulsed. 

December  3~4.    Fighting  at    Walter    Valley,    Miss     Confedi 
defeated  with  considerable  loss.     A  targe  amount  of  Confederate  store* 
ami   money   captured   by   the   enemy.     Federal   loss   20   killed    and 
vrounded. 

December  4.  Skirmish  near  Tnacurobia,  Ala.  Confederates  taken 
by  surprise  and  To  captured  as  prisoners.  Federal  1< «-«*  !•  killed  and  22 
wounded. 

December  6-6.  Battle  of  Cofieeville,  Miss.  A  desperate  fight  to..k 
place,  in  which  (he  Abolition  army  were  completely  defeated  and 
cheeked  in  their  invasion  of  Mississippi.  Confederate  loss  19  killed  and 
10  wounded,  and  100  taken  prisoners.  Federal  loss,  25  killed,  82 
wounded  and  lo  taken  prisoners, 

December  7.  Skirmish  near  Oakland,  Miss.  The  Abolition  army 
commanded  by  (lens.  Navey  and  Steele,  is  repulsed  by  Whitfield's 
cavalry,  and  driven  back. 

Dec.  7.  Claiborne  F  Jackson,  Governor  of  Missouri,  died  near  Little 

Rock,  Arkansas. 

December  7.  The  Yankee  transport  Lake  City  captured  at  Carson's 
Landing,  Mississippi  river. 

December  7.  Battle  of  Hartsville,  Tenn.     Gen.  Morgan  accomplishes 

a  most  brilliant  victory  over  the  Abolitionists,  defeating  them  and  taking 
the  entire  garrison.  Federal  less,  loo  killed,  300  wounded  and  2,104 
taken  prisoners.     Confederate  loss  130  killed  and  wounded, 

December  7.  Fight  at  Preetonburg,  Ky  Abolitionists  defeated  and 
put  to  rout  by  Col.  Clarkson,  1""  taken  prisoners,  90  killed  and  wound- 
ed, and  large  quantities  <>i'  stores  taken.  Confederate  loss,  1  killed  and 
!)  wounded. 

December  8th.  Gen.  Floyd  surprises  the  enemy  at  Piketon,  Ky  ,  and 
captures  the -place ;  over  100  Yankees  killed ;  large  amount  of  stores 
captured. 

December  10.  Battle  of  Plymouth,  Va.  The  Federals  defeated  and 
driven  from  the  town,  25  taken  prisoner.-.  Confederate  loss,  7  wounded. 
'^December  12.  The  Federal  iron-clad  ram  Cairo,  the  flag-boat  ol  the 
Yankee  fleet,  was  blown  up  by  torpedoes,  in  the  Yazoo  river,  Mississippi. 
( her  lol*>  lives  lost. 

December  11.  The  Yankees  repulsed  in  their  first  attempt  t>'  cross 
the  Rappahannock. 

December  12.  Skirmish  near  Kingston,  N.  C  Confederates  de- 
feated 

December  12.  Fight  ut  Joyncr'.s  Ford,  Washington  river,  Yn. 
Confederate  cavalry  surprised  ami  36  captured  prisoners, 

December  13.  Skirmish  at  Bibs'  Ferry,  Ya.  Abolitionists  routed 
with  heavy  loss, 

December  11.  Skirmish  near  Tnscumbia,  Ala.  Confederates  re- 
pulsed, and  20  killed  and  wounded.  Federal  loss,  30  killed  and 
wounded. 


189 

December  13--14.  Battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va.  In  this,  the  most 
bloody  battle  of  the  war,  the  Federal  array  under  Gen.  Burnside,  was 
most  signally  repulsed  and  defeated  by  Gen.  Lee.  Federal  loss,  10, (100 
killed,  8,500  wounded,  and  1,626  taken  prisoners.  Confederate  1"--. 
400  killed,  'J, .'.on  wounded,  and  47t>  missing  Generate  ( 'obi)  and  <  Iregg 
killed,  of  the  Confederates. 

The  Yankee  attempts  to  capture  Richmond,  now  numbering  four, 
have  cost  them  at  least  125,000  men.  Beginning  with  the  first  Manama* 
battle,  and  going  through  McClellan's  fatal  campaigf)  in  the  Peninsula, 
Jackson's  week  of  fighting  in  the  Valley,  Lee's  hurling  back  of  the  Pope 
expedition,  including  the  second  battle  of  Manassas,  and  now  the 
slaughter  on  the  Rappahannock,  we  have  an  amount  of  carnage  thai 
ought  to  satisfy  even  Black  Republicans. 

December  13--14.  Battle  of  Kingston,  NC.  Confederates  repulsed, 
and  fell  back  before  an  overwhelming  force. 

December  10.  Battle  of  Whitehall,  N  C,  Confederates  defeated. 
After  occupying  Kingston  for  a  short  time,  the  Federals  evacuated  the 
place,  which  was  again  taken  possession  of  by  the  Confederates.  Federal 
loss,  845  killed  and  wounded.  Total  Confederate  loss  in  the  several 
battles  was  71  killed,  *2Sli  wounded,  and  400  missing. 

December  12-  10.     President  Davis  visits  Tennessee  and  Mississippi. 

December  17.  Battle  near  Goldsboro,  N  C.  The  Federals  repulsed, 
and  driven  back  after  a  severe  engagement. 

December  18.  General  Lovel  is  removed  from  the  Army  of  the  West, 
and  sent  to  Virginia.  Gen  Loring  takes  his  place.  Gen  Van  Dorn  is 
appointed  to  take  command  of  the  cavalry  forces  in  the  West. 

December  18—19.  General  Grant's  Abolition  Army  falls  back  from 
Mississippi. 

December  16—16.  Gen  Burnside  recrosses  the  Rappahannock  river, 
Va.,  under  cover  of  night,  after  the  desperate  battle   of  Fredericksburg. 

December  16.  Gen.  Banks,  with  8,000  men,  arrives  .-it  New  Orleans. 
La,  and  supercedes  the  '  Brute  Butler,"  who  is  sent  North. 

December  18.  Brigadier  General  J  K  Duncan  died  in  Knoxville, 
Tenn. 

utber  17—18.     Gen  Forrest  annoys  the   Federals  in   W<  -■  Ten- 
railroad   bridges  and    Federal   property,   and  captures 
several  town-  in  his  successful  raids. 

Skirmish  al  Lexington,  Tenn.     Gen.  Forest  surpi 
the  Yankees  ;  ;i  sharp  fight  took  place  in  which  400  of  the  <  oemy  were 

killed  and  WOUnded.      Confederate  loss  120  killed  and  wounded. 

inber  — .  Van    Buren,   Arkansas,   captured  by   tie     I 
amounts  of  Confedi 
December  20    The  Thirty-Eighth  Georgia  Regimen!  numb  red  1 1"" 

men  win  ii  they  left  home  for  the   Wat  in   Virginia.      They  lost  in  killed 
and  wounded  564  men  (u<  g  those  having    died    from   sickness 

and  disease)  in  the  various  battles  in  which  they  have  ! 

Yankee  transports  Bred  on  mar  Newbern,  N  C     tii'i\ 

killed  and  wounded  VVbi  eler  drives  in  the  ^  ankee  piel. 

New  1"   Ml 


inter  20.   A  ral  Millm\ , 

are  devastating  the  country  in  the  Virginia  valley.  Confederate  pro- 
perty stolen.     People  maltreated. 

December  20.  Great  trouble  in  (!k-  Lincoln  Cabinet  nt  Washington 
Seward  threatens  t"  resign.  The  Yankee  papers  admit  the  slaughter  "i 
their  men  at  Fredericksburg  to  be  unparallel*  d. 

December  20.  Gen.  Van  Dorn  Burprites  the  Yankee  garrison  :it 
Holly  Springs,  and  captures  the  place  after  a  brisk  fight.  1,050  Yankees 
taken  prisoni  rs1  86,000,000  worth  of  Federal  stores  and  property  de- 
stroyed by  the  Confederal!  I  ,  250  killed  and  wounded. 
Confederate  loss  1">  killed  and  wound*  d. 

December  21.  Fight  on  the  Franklin  Pike,  Tennessee  FeoVral* 
routed  with  considerable  loss.     Confederate  loss  2  killed  and  I  wounded. 

December  21.  Skirmish  at  Davis  Mills,  Mississippi,     Gen  Van  Dora'* 
cavalry  engages  the  Yankees  ;  after  a   severe    fight,    tl      I         derate* 
were  defeated  with  u  loss  of  6o  killed  and   woun«ed.     Federal    I 
killed  and  Wounded. 

December  22,     An  Abolition  election    ^•>]d>!:   on   nt    [sic   i>f  V\ 
Court  House,  was  broken  up  by  the  Confederates.     Several    killed    •• 
both  tide4.     President  Davis  issues  his  proclamation  proscribing  Butler 

as  a  {rlcli 

December  23.  General  Buckner  takes  command  nt  Mobile,  Ala. 

December  24.  Fighting  at  Clasgow,  K\  General  Morgan  route* 
the  enemy,  killing  a  large  number.     3  Confederate    killed. 

December  24—25     Gen  Rosencranz  with  85,000  nun  hdvauces  from 
Nashville.     S<  vere  Bkirmishiug  continues  near   Lnvergne,  Teni 
The  Confed<  rates  tall  hack,     A  great  battle  imminent. 

December  24-25  A  party  of  Yankees  make  a  wuceessful  raid  into 
Louisiana,  on  the  line  of  the  Shrevepoii  and  Vicksburg  Railroad;  the) 
burn  bridges  and  commit  depredations  in  m  wcral  towns  on  tlie  Road. 

December  26.  General  J  K  B  Stuarl  ace  iu|  lishos  another  -  ■  cessful 
raid  in  tin;  rear  of  the  Fed*  ral  army,  destroys  large  amounts  <>!'  Federal 
i  roperty,  and  captures  180  prisoners. 

December  26— 27.  Heavy  skirmishing  near  Triune  mid  Lavergne, 
Tenn. 

December  26,  The  Federals  land  a  large  force  at  Baton  Kongo,  La. 
Gen.  Banks  establishes  his  headquarters  there.  The  Yankees  burn  the 
State  House  and  destroy  all  Confederate  property.  Skirmishing  on  the 
Yazoo  River,  Miss.     Yankees  repulsed  and  driven  to  their  gunb 

Deeemfler  28-20-30.     Batl  Chickasaw  Bayou,  near  Vicksbarg, 

Miss.  The  Yankees  must  BJgnally  defeated  and  put  to  route  after  three 
days' hard  fighting.  Enemy's  loss  1,000  killed  and  wounded,  and  400 
taken  prisoners.     Confederate  loss  1~(|  killed  and  wounded. 

December  29  A  large  force  of  Yankee  oavalry  make  a  successful 
raid  into  East  Tennessee,  destroy  several  bridgos..  Fight  at  Watuuga 
Bridge,  Tenn.  Confederates  surprised,  and  112  men  captured  by  » 1 1  *  - 
enemy  ;  several  killed  and  wounded  ou  both  sides. 

December  ^<>.  The  great  Federal  gunboat    Monitor  foundered  at  -e.» 


191 


Several  of  (he  Yankee  fleet  of  gunboats  Mink. 

December  28.     High  prices.     At  an  auction  sale  in  Mississippi,  flour 
was  sold  al  $102  per  barrel.     Gold  is  selling  at  BOO  per  cent  premium. 
Cotton  sold  in  New  York  city  at  70  cents  per  pound.     Sugar  in    Rich- 
mond,  Vn„  is  worth  7<»  cents  per  pound;    Coffee  $3.95  per  pound 
( lotton  ( lards,  $25  per  pair. 

December   l2!'.    Skirmish   at    Baton    Rouge,   I.n.     Confederate*-  re 
pulsed. 

December  31 — January  1-2,  1863.  Battle  of  Murfrcesboro,  Tenu, 
Skirmishing  as  a  prelude  to  the  great  battle  commenced  on  December 
26  The  Confederate  force  under  command  of  Gen.  Bragg,  numbered 
30,000  men.  The  Federal  force  under  Gen  Rosencrans  numbered 
50,000  men.  The  hardest  fight  took  place  on  the  Slat.  The  Federals 
wen  repulsed  and  retired  from  the  field  with  terrible  loss.  On  the  1st 
of  January  the  Federals  were  largely  reinforced,  and  the  battle  renewed, 
and  continued  until  the  evening  of  the  'Jd.  The  Confederates  being 
greatly  outnumbered,  fell  back  to  secure  a  better  position.  The  enemy 
were  unable  to  follow.  The  Confederates  captured  4, Oho  prisoners,  a 
huge  number  of  cannon,  stores,  &c„  taken  from  the  enemy.  Confeder- 
ate loss, '9,000  killed  and  wounded ;  Federal  loss,  15,000  killed  and 
wounded,  4,000  taken  prisoners. 

January  1st,  1863.  Engagement  in  Galveston  Bay,  Texas.  The 
Yankees  defeated,  the  steamer  "Harriet  Lane"  captured.  Several 
Yankee  gunboats  blown  up  to  prevent  their  capture.  Several  killed  on 
both  sides.      600  Yankees  taken  prisoners. 


January   1,  1863.      An  estimate  of  the  killed,  wounded 
from  the  .•ommencement  of  the  war  to  the  present  time; 


oid    missing 


Federals  Killed 43, 874 

Federals  Wounded 97,029 

federal  Prisoners 68,213 


Total 209,116 

Died  from  sickness,  di 

and  wounda 250,000 


Confederates  Killed.  ...  20,893 
Confederates  Wounded  .  .  .  59,615 
Confederate  Prisoners...   'J'J.lt'i'.i 


Tot  a 


102,677 

Died  from  sickness,  disease 

and  wounds P20  000 


CONFEDERATE      AT] 
ALMANAC, 

l\l)  RIMTOM  OF  I  Mill  K\0\VIJD(.K 


i<  >it     Jin:    ^  i  :.\  \t 


LAIvKE. 


